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Objectives To evaluate the cost-utilities of Polatuzumab Vedotin (Polivy) combined with bendamustine and rituximab regimen (BR) for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) which is unsuited for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods From the perspective of the China 's health system, the cost-utilities analysis of BR regimen combined with Polatuzumab Vedotin (Polivy) and BR regimen alone for relapsed/refractory DLBCL which is unsuited for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was analyzed by using partitioned survival model (PSM). Results Compared with BR regimen alone, BR regimen combined with Polatuzumab Vedotin (Polivy) for relapsed/refractory DLBCL which is unsuited for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients can increase 1.1706 QALYs in 15 years, the total cost is increased by 231 117.9 yuan, and the ICUR value is 197 434.7 yuan/QALY. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Conclusion In the long run, compared with BR alone, BR combined with Polatuzumab Vedotin (Polivy) doesn’t have cost-effectiveness advantages for relapsed/refractory DLBCL which is unsuited for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.

Constraint satisfaction problems have a wide range of applications in areas such as basic computer theory research and artificial intelligence, and many major studies in industry are not solved directly, but converted into instances of satisfiability problems for solution. Therefore, the solution of the satisfiability problem is a central problem in many important areas in the future. A large number of solution algorithms for this problem are mainly based on completeness algorithms and heuristic algorithms. Intelligent optimization algorithms with heuristic policies run significantly more efficiently on large-scale instances compared to completeness algorithms. This paper compares the principles, implementation steps, and applications of several major intelligent optimization algorithms in satisfiability problems, analyzes the characteristics of these algorithms, and focuses on the performance in solving satisfiability problems under different constraints. In terms of algorithms, evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence algorithms are introduced; in terms of applications, the solution to the satisfiability problem is studied. At the same time, the performance of the listed intelligent optimization algorithms in applications is analyzed in detail in terms of the direction of improvement of the algorithms, advantages and disadvantages and comparison algorithms, respectively, and the future application of intelligent optimization algorithms in satisfiability problems is prospected.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of viral keratitis has been on the rise. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the application effect of continuous care for patients with viral keratitis. METHODS: A total of 148 patients with viral keratitis admitted to the ophthalmology department of the authors’ hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group via the random number table method, with 74 cases in each group. Continuous care was conducted following routine discharge guidance for patients in the observation group, while routine discharge guidance only was provided for the control group. The patients in both groups were continuously observed for one year. The medication compliance, return visit rate, recurrence rate, nursing satisfaction, and quality of life between the two groups were compared and analyzed after one year. RESULTS: The medication compliance was higher in the observation than in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The rate of return visits at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year in the observation group were higher than those in the control group and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups at 1 week was not statistically significant (P> 0.05), while the recurrence rate at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The total score of the quality of life in the observation group was higher than in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Continuous care had a good application effect on patients with viral keratitis, which could potentially effectively improve medication compliance and the rate of return visits, reduce recurrence rate, and improve patient satisfaction and their quality of life. Accordingly, the results of this study present high clinical value.

In this study, we used solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography–ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–IT-TOF-MS) to analyze 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) metabolites in human urine. The complete set of oxidative metabolites was identified, with 17 compounds divided into four groups. Furthermore, we examined the hydroxy substitution site after oxidative metabolism with theoretical calculation and 2-FDCK nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. We clarified the correlation of the oxidative metabolic sites with the electron cloud density in the structure. Additionally, two enantiomers of dihydro-2-fluorodeschloroketamine (dihydro-2-FDCK) were determined by using a laboratory-made dihydro-2-FDCK hydrochloride reference substance. Their configurations were determined via NMR spectrometry data prediction of the ACD Labs-Structure Elucidator Suite software and theoretical calculation. Moreover, the stereoselectivity of the related enzymes in hydrogenation metabolism in vivo was clarified. These findings provide an important reference for analyzing other oxidative metabolites, laying the foundation for future analysis, prediction, elucidation and identification of the latest ketamine-type new psychoactive substance metabolites.

We used a multi-centred, prospective cohort to study 482 two-dose and three-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron dominant period in Malaysia. Between January 31

Introduction Qishenbuqi capsule (QSBQC), a listed Chinese patent prescription, comprises of 4 herbs. Clinically, it has been shown to improve immune functions. Methods Subjects with Qi deficiency and non-Qi deficiency were recruited, who then took QSBQC for 4 weeks. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and the levels of white blood cells, CD3+ T cells (CD3+), CD4+ T cells (CD3+CD4+), CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+), and CD4+/CD8+ were determined. Serum metabolomics was used to explore the metabolic mechanisms of QSBQC on improving immunity. Meanwhile, the potential active ingredients, targets, and pathways of QSBQC on enhancing immunity were screened by network pharmacology. Results QSBQC significantly improved TCM syndrome scores and increased the number of CD8+ T cells of both Qi deficiency and non-Qi deficiency subjects. Serum metabolomics revealed that QSBQC regulated 18 differential metabolites and 8 metabolic pathways of Qi deficiency, and 12 differential metabolites and 7 metabolic pathways of non-Qi deficiency subjects. The “herbs-compounds-pathways” diagram showed that PQ-2, cimifugin, and divaricatol were the main active components. Pathways in cancer and arginine and proline metabolism could be the most important pathways. Conclusion Our research revealed the immunoenhancing mechanisms of QSBQC and improved the combination of TCM theory and modern western medicine theory.

Transition metal phosphating Pd@NiP nanoparticles supported by reduced graphene oxide were successfully synthesized by a one-step in situ synthesis method. The Pd@NiP/rGO nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and BET. Compared with Pd/rGO and Pd@Ni/rGO, Pd1@Ni12.5P40/rGO exhibited stronger catalytic activity, with TOF value reaching 133.33 min-1 and activation energy (Ea) of 29.31 kJ mol-1. This excellent catalytic performance may be related to the good dispersion of nanoparticles and the synergistic electron interactions between transition metal phosphating compounds.

New remedies are required for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) due to insufficient efficacy of available therapies. Here, we used chemogenetic approaches combined with in vivo pharmacology to elucidate the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) astrocytes in DNP pathogenesis and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for DNP.A streptozotocin-induced DNP model was established. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) were used to regulate astrocyte activity. Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed using the electronic von Frey test. Anxiety-like behaviors were detected using open field and elevated plus maze tests. Astrocytic activity was detected by immunofluorescence, and cytokine content was determined by ELISA.BLA astrocytes were regulated by DREADDs, and inhibition of BLA astrocytes attenuated mechanical allodynia and pain-related negative emotions in DNP rats. Contrastively, temporary activation of BLA astrocytes induced allodynia without anxious behaviors in naive rats. In addition, koumine (KM) alleviated mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors in DNP rats, inhibited the activation of BLA astrocytes and suppressed the inflammatory response. Furthermore, persistent activation of BLA astrocytes through chemogenetics mimicked chronic pain, and KM alleviated its pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors.DREADDs bidirectionally regulate the activity of BLA astrocytes, which proves for the first time the role of BLA astrocyte activation in the pathogenesis of DNP and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for DNP. KM ameliorates DNP, perhaps by inhibiting the activation of BLA astrocytes and reveal KM as a potential candidate for treating DNP.

Serological assays are indispensable tools in public health. Presently deployed serological assays, however, largely overlook research progress made in the last two decades that jeopardizes the conceptual foundation of these assays, i.e., antibody (Ab) specificity. Challenges to traditional understanding of Ab specificity include Ab polyspecificity and most recently nonreproducible Ab-probe interactions (NRIs). Here, using SARS-CoV-2 and four common livestock viruses as a test bed, we developed a new serological platform that integrates recent understanding about Ab specificity. We first demonstrate that the response rate (RR) from a large-sized serum pool (∼100) is not affected by NRIs or by nonspecific Ab-probe interactions (NSIs), so RR can be incorporated into the diagnostic probe selection process. We subsequently used multiple probes (configured as a "protein peptide hybrid microarray", PPHM) to generate a digital microarray index (DMI) and finally demonstrated that DMI-based analysis yields an extremely robust probabilistic trend that enables accurate diagnosis of viral infection that overcomes multiple negative impacts exerted by NSI/NRI. Thus, our study with SARS-CoV-2 confirms that the PPHM-RR-DMI platform enables very rapid development of serological assays that outperform traditional assays (for both sensitivity and specificity) and supports that the platform is extendable to other viruses.

The general mechanism of emittance variation is proposed using first-principles prediction in 76 kinds of phase-changing ABO3 perovskites, and the connections of emittance variation with bandgap difference and volume-distortion rate are described.

B(C6F5)3-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between allylic alcohols and boronic acids with excellent regioselectivity, broad scope and mild conditions.

Intranuclear protein delivery shows great prospects in broadening the application scope of protein therapy and revolutionizing medicine, however, effective delivery of native proteins into the nucleus of cells remains a great challenge. Herein, we report the supramolecular nanoparticles based on the self-assembly of dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO) linked lysine-cyclodextrin (DLC) for efficient intranucleus delivery of proteins. Coordination-driven self-assembly of DLCs in aqueous solution enables efficient encapsulation of proteins just by simple mixing, so as to maintain their biological activity in a reliable way. DLC nanoparticles ensure effective intranuclear protein delivery for therapeutic applications and gene regulation. This rationally designed DIBO containing amino acid-cyclodextrin derivative allows the development of a convenient and universal nanoplatform for intranuclear delivery of native proteins.

The Sander illusion and the horizontal-vertical (H-V) illusion are both size and orientation geometric-optical illusions. The Sander geometric figures can be simply regarded as being made up of surrounding frames and inner targeted line segments. Similarly, H-V illusory geometric figures are made up of the targeted line segments. The role of surrounding frames and inner targeted line segments in the perception and cognition of geometric-optical illusions is not well understood.The time course of event-related potentials (ERP) and the ERP-based standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) source localization were investigated in the Sander illusion and the H-V illusion, which had the same length as the targeted line segments, respectively. The P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 components of the ERP were focused and measured.The ERP results demonstrated that the existence of surrounding frames in the Sander illusions-induced significant alterations in the P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 components, compared with the H-V illusion without surrounding frames. In the Sander illusion, different tilted line segments and surrounding frames resulted in significant differences in the P2, N2 and P3 components. The sLORETA results also demonstrated brain activities of source localization as a function of the surrounding frames and the tilted inner line segments.These findings implicate that the perceptual and cognitive processes of the geometric-optical illusions are correlated to the surrounding frames/background, as well as the orientation/direction of inner targeted line segments in geometric figures.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a diabetes complication experienced by many patients. Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) neurons are essential mediators of the descending pain modulation system, yet the role of vlPAG astrocytes in DNP remains unclear. The present study applied a multidimensional approach to elucidate the role of these astrocytes in DNP. We verified the activation of astrocytes in different regions of the PAG in male DNP-model rats. We found that only astrocytes in the vlPAG exhibited increased growth. Furthermore, we described differences in vlPAG astrocyte activity at different time points during DNP progression. After the 14th day of modeling, vlPAG astrocytes exhibited obvious activation and morphologic changes. Furthermore, activation of Gq-designer receptors exclusively activated by a designer drug (Gq-DREADDs) in vlPAG astrocytes in naive male rats induced neuropathic pain-like symptoms and pain-related aversion, whereas activation of Gi-DREADDs in vlPAG astrocytes in male DNP-model rats alleviated sensations of pain and promoted pain-related preference behavior. Thus, bidirectional manipulation of vlPAG astrocytes revealed their potential to regulate pain. Surprisingly, activation of Gi-DREADDs in vlPAG astrocytes also mitigated anxiety-like behavior induced by DNP. Thus, our results provide direct support for the hypothesis that vlPAG astrocytes regulate diabetes-associated neuropathic pain and concomitant anxiety-like behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany studies examined the association between the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and neuropathic pain. However, few studies have focused on the role of vlPAG astrocytes in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and DNP-related emotional changes. This work confirmed the role of vlPAG astrocytes in DNP by applying a more direct and robust approach. We used chemogenetics to bidirectionally manipulate the activity of vlPAG astrocytes and revealed that vlPAG astrocytes regulate DNP and pain-related behavior. In addition, we discovered that activation of Gi-designer receptors exclusively activated by a designer drug in vlPAG astrocytes alleviated anxiety-like behavior induced by DNP. Together, these findings provide new insights into DNP and concomitant anxiety-like behavior and supply new therapeutic targets for treating DNP.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is one of the prodromal symptoms of PD. Studies have shown that brain information transmission is affected in PD patients. Consequently, we hypothesized that brain information transmission is impaired in RBD and PD. To prove our hypothesis, we performed functional connectivity (FC) and functional dynamics analysis of three aspects—based on the whole brain, within the resting-state network (RSN), and the interaction between RSNs—using normal control (NC) (n = 21), RBD (n = 24), and PD (n = 45) resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data sets. Furthermore, we tested the explanatory power of FC and functional dynamics for the clinical features. Our results found that the global functional dynamics and FC of RBD and PD were impaired. Within RSN, the impairment concentrated in the visual network (VIS) and sensorimotor network (SMN), and the impaired degree of SMN in RBD was higher than that in PD. On the interaction between RSNs, RBD showed a widespread decrease, and PD showed a focal decrease which concentrated in SMN and VIS. Finally, we proved FC and functional dynamics were related to clinical features. These differences confirmed that brain information transmission efficiency and flexibility are impaired in RBD and PD, and these impairments are associated with the clinical features of patients.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of punching on the local magnetic properties of the nonoriented electrical steel sheet. Design/methodology/approach A microcomposite B–H sensor consisting of a pair of B probes with a spacing of 2 mm and a 1.8 × 1.8 mm2 H coil is designed. The region and degree of local magnetic properties degradation caused by punching can be quantitatively analyzed by flexibly moving the composite B–H sensor. The influence and physical mechanism of punching on the hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and excess loss are analyzed based on the Bertotti loss separation theory. Findings This study investigates the deterioration effect of the punched nonoriented electrical steel. The permeability near the edge decreases, and the core loss as well as the microhardness increases. The region of magnetic property deterioration is dependent on the area of work hardening. Originality/value The microcomposite B–H sensor can be used to measure the magnetic properties near the edge of electrical steel sheets under different processing conditions. This study provides the possibility of precise magnetic property model of the motor core after punching, especially valuable for motors without annealing process.

Objective To observe the confidence level prevailing with regard to the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) among undergraduate nursing students who have undertaken TCM courses at Shanxi Medical University. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine. A questionnaire survey was administered through the Questionnaire Star website (https://www.questionstar.com/). The confidence level was examined from 6 aspects, namely cognition of TCM culture and theory, advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment, feelings about TCM achievements, personal behaviors related to TCM, attitudes toward Western medicine, and the future of TCM. The mean score of the observed items was calculated, and was found to be positively related to the confidence level concerning TCM (the score was between 1 and 5). Results A total of 120 participants voluntarily enrolled themselves in the study. The results showed that the mean score of observed items were generally about 4. A relatively strong confidence was shown in understating TCM advantages and characteristics in diagnosis and treatment, and also in feelings toward TCM achievements. Conclusions The majority of nursing undergraduates had confidence in TCM. However, some aspects such as the understanding of TCM culture and the correlation between TCM and Western medicine may need to be improved through education.

Research suggests that unpleasant emotions induced by feedback may reduce its efficiency in enhancing students’ performance, which is a crucial issue to address in education. In the context of Chinese language instruction in higher education, this study sought to investigate how students regulate their emotions as a result of feedback through the lens of individuals’ feedback orientation. In light of the feedback orientation lens and its conceptual framework, we applied in-depth qualitative interviews to explore how students experienced feedback, the negative emotions they experienced, and the emotion regulation strategies they used. Eleven undergraduates across years one to five joined our in-depth interviews. Students reported negative emotions when they received feedback that did not live up to their expectations or was unrealistic for them to accept. However, students’ feedback orientation supported their emotion regulation techniques, which in turn supported students’ adaptive feedback processing to interpret and take action to use feedback for academic performance improvement. Students also actively sought further teacher feedback or peer support to deal with a wide range of negative emotions. These findings imply the significance of fostering in students a high level of feedback orientation and the necessity of additional empirical investigation into the relationships between feedback orientation and emotional well-being in higher education. By shedding light on how students regulate the emotions that external feedback causes in them, the study adds valuable qualitative findings to the existing literature on positive psychology research in terms of emotions and emotion regulation. It also emphasizes how crucial students’ personal feedback orientation is for improving emotional well-being in the context of feedback.

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation is an intriguing technology for refractory organic pollutant removal in wastewater treatment. Herein, a highly dispersed Mn-Ce bimetallic oxide on carbon nanotubes (MCC) was synthesized and applied to catalyze PMS for the degradation of phenol. The material was well characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesized MCC showed superior activity for PMS activation. The k value of phenol removal with MCC is 0.135 min−1, which is greatly superior to that of CNT (6.17 × 10−5 min−1) and Mn-Ce bimetallic oxide (3.18 × 10−4 min−1). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), along with radical quenching experiments, revealed that the activation of PMS by MCC for phenol degradation involves both radical and non-radical reaction pathways. Moreover, a synergic effect between Mn-Ce bimetallic oxide and CNT was identified to be responsible for the outstanding catalytic activity.