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The idea for the Green Recovery Tracker was born in spring 2020 when governments started making announcements on economic Corona recovery measures. From a climate and resilience perspective it is key that those recovery packages, investments and subsidies are in line with long-term climate and sustainability targets. Thus, recovery packages should not only boost the economy in the short-term, but also strike the path to a just transition towards climate neutrality. Against this background, Wuppertal Institute and E3G have launched the Green Recovery Tracker project in late summer 2020 to shed light on the following questions: What can be considered an effective green recovery? What are good examples, which can be used as an inspiration for recovery programs aiming to support sustainable development? Where do the individual Member States stand with respect to aligning their recovery activities with the climate policy agenda? In this report, you will find our Methodology as well our Policy Briefing highlighting our key takeaways of our country and sectoral analyses. It further includes a section on "What can we learn from our experience with the Green Recovery Tracker?". The briefing concludes with a "Guidance for future funding programs and achieving climate targets overall".

Objetivo: Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients have clinical heterogeneity as shown by many studies. Thus, often it is misdiagnosed to type 1 or type 2 diabetes(T2DM). The aim of this study is to evaluate MODY mutations in adult T2DM patients suspicious in terms of MODY, and to show clinical and laboratory differences between these two situations. Subjects and methods: In this study, we analyzed 72 type 2 diabetic patients and their relatives (35F/37M) who had been suspected for MODY and referred to genetic department for mutation analysis. The gene mutations for MODY have been assessed in the laboratory of Marmara University genetics. Totally 67 (32F/35M; median age 36.1) diabetic patients were analyzed for 7 MODY mutations. Twelve patients who have uncertain mutation (VUS) were excluded from study for further evaluation. MODY(+) (n:30) patients and T2DM patients (n:25) were compared for clinical and laboratory parameters. Results: In MODY(+) subjects, mutations in GCK (MODY 2) (n:12; 40%) were the most common followed by HNF4A (MODY 1) (n:4; 13.3%). Diabetes diagnosis age was younger in MODY(+) group but not statistically significant. Sixty-six percent of MODY(+) subjects had diabetes history at 3-consecutive generations in their family compared with 28% of T2DM patients statistically significant (p:0.006). Gender, BMI, C-peptide, HbA1c, lipid parameters, creatinine, GFR, microalbuminuria, vitamin D and calcium were not statistically different between the groups. Conclusion: According to present study results, MODY mutation positivity is most probable in young autoantibody (-) diabetic patients diagnosed before 30 years of age, who have first degree family history of diabetes. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022;66(1):32-9

Mathematical modelling is challenging for students as well as for teachers. Thus, fostering teachers’ competencies to teach mathematical modelling is an essential component of teacher educa­­tion. Recent research on teachers’ competencies pays increasing attention to the role of noticing conceptualised as situation-specific competencies necessary for actions within the classroom. These situation-specific noticing competencies are needed for the teacher to react to unanticipated ap­proach­­es and unforeseen obstacles students may encounter when working on modelling problems. To assess these competencies, videos can be used to simulate real classroom situations and measure the skills necessary for a spontaneous and adequate diagnosis and action. In this paper, the develop­ment of pre-service teachers’ noticing competencies within a mathematical modelling context is analysed by qualitatively comparing pre- and post-test data. A modelling seminar at the master’s level served as an intervention. Three pre-service teachers were selected, and their competence develop­ment is analysed qualitatively in-depth regarding growth indicators. The pre-service teachers showed diffe­rent trajectories of learning. These were manifested in different ways and differed concerning the topics of students’ difficulties, use of metacognitive strategies and approaches used to solving the problem., A modelação matemática é desafiante para os estudantes bem como para os professores. Assim, a promoção das competências dos professores para ensinar a modelação matemática é uma componente essencial da formação de professores. Estudos recentes sobre as competências dos professores prestam cada vez mais atenção ao papel da observação, entendido como as competências específicas de cada situação, que são necessárias para agir dentro da sala de aula. Estas competências de observação, específicas da situação, são necessárias para o professor poder reagir a abordagens não antecipadas e a obstáculos imprevistos que os alunos podem encontrar ao trabalharem em problemas de modelação. Para avaliar essas competências, podem ser usados vídeos que simulam situações reais de sala de aula e aferir as competências que são necessárias para realizar espontaneamente um diagnóstico e uma ação adequados. Neste artigo, o desenvolvimento das competências de noticing de futuros professores, num contexto de modelação matemática, é analisado, comparando qualitativamente os dados de um pré e um pós-teste. Um seminário de modelação num curso de mestrado serviu como intervenção. Foram selecionados três professores em formação inicial e o desenvolvimento das suas competências foi analisado, qualitativamente e em profundidade, no que diz respeito a indicadores de progressão. Eles revelaram diferentes trajetórias de aprendizagem, que se manifestaram de diferentes formas, diferenciando-se quanto aos tópicos das dificuldades dos alunos, da utilização de estratégias metacognitivas e das abordagens usadas para resolver o problema.

Taust ja eesm��rgid. Loote kromosoomhaiguste avastamiseks on Eestis alates 1995. aastast kasutatud erinevaid s��eluuringuid. 2016. aastast kehtinud s��nnieelse diagnostika juhendi kohaselt on esimese trimestri kombineeritud s��eluuring kuni praeguseni olnud esmane s��nnieelne kromosoomhaiguste s��eluuring. K��esoleva t���� eesm��rk oli hinnata esimese trimestri kombineeritud s��eluuringu efektiivsust kromosoomhaiguste avastamisel kaheaastase (2017���2018) uuringu alusel. Metoodika. Uuriti rasedaid, kes p����rdusid kromosoomhaiguste s��eluuringuks Ida-Tallinna Keskhaiglasse (ITK) v��i Tartu ��likooli (T��) Kliinikumi. S��eluuring tehti Eesti s��nnieelse diagnostika juhendi standardiseeritud protokolli alusel. Tulemused. Kombineeritud s��eluuring tehti 14 566 rasedal. S��eltest oli positiivne 3,54%-l naistest. Trisoomia 21 avastamise m����r s��nni eel oli 94% (95% usaldusvahemik (uv) 84,09���97,98%), trisoomia 18 (95% uv 74,12���100%) ja trisoomia 13 avastati 100% (95% uv 43,85���100%). Valepositiivsuse m����r oli 3,12%. S��eluuringu tundlikkus oli 95,38% (95% uv 86,24���98,80%), spetsiifilisus 96,86% (95% uv 96,56���97,13%), positiivne ennustatav v����rtus 11,99% (95% uv 9,38���15,18%), negatiivne ennustatav v����rtus 99,97% (95% uv 99,93���99,99%). J��reldused. Esimese trimestri kombineeritud s��eluuring on efektiivne meetod kromosoomhaiguste s��nnieelseks avastamiseks. Trisoomia 21 avastamise m����r on suurem v��rreldes eelmise Eestis korraldatud uuringu tulemustega. ��leminek esimese trimestri kombineeritud s��eluuringule oli Eestis ��igustatud. Uuringuks on andnud loa Tartu ��likooli inimuuringute eetika komitee (protokoll 263/M-19 17.10.2016)., Eesti Arst, 2021: Detsember

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Propriozeption anhand eines kleineren und eines gr����eren Gelenks bei Parkinsonerkrankten mit und ohne chronische Schmerzen zu untersuchen. Weiter wurde untersucht, ob m��gliche Defizite des autonomen vegetativen Systems die Propriozeption beeinflussen oder ob es einen Zusammenhang zum Vorhandensein chronischer Schmerzen gibt. Die Erkl��rungsmodelle f��r St��rungen der Propriozeptionsf��higkeit sowie f��r chronische Schmerzen werden in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert. In der Mehrzahl der Studien wird beim Morbus Parkinson (MP) von einer zentralen Genese, sowohl f��r die beeintr��chtigte Propriozeption als auch f��r den Parkinsonschmerz, ausgegangen. Die Annahme einer zentralen Verarbeitungsst��rung macht gleicherma��en die St��rungen der Eigenwahrnehmung, des Schmerzempfinden und des autonomen Nervensystems verst��ndlich. Untersucht wurde die Propriozeption im Bereich des Zeigefingergrundgelenkes und des Ellbogengelenks auf der dominanten K��rperseite bei aktiver Einstellung der Gelenke bei 30��, 45�� und 90��-Winkel an 33 Patienten (Pat.) ohne Schmerzen und 19 Pat. mit chronischen Schmerzen. Die Untersuchungen des autonomen Nervensystems erfolgte ��ber 5 Test mittels Heart Rate Variability (normale Atmung, vertiefte Atmung, Vasalva Druckversuch, Orthostase) und Sympathische Hautantwort (SHA.) ��ber Frageb��gen wurden die Schmerzen einschlie��lich Schmerzdauer,-charakter und -medikation sowie die emotionale Stimmung erfasst. Die Ergebnisse in der vorliegenden Studie weisen Beeintr��chtigungen der propriozeptiven Wahrnehmung in den beiden untersuchten Gelenken nach. Die Abweichungen von den verschiedenen Winkelstellungen zeigen eine Abh��ngigkeit von der Gr����e des Gelenks. Im Bereich des Ellbogengelenks sind die Differenzen zur geforderten Position signifikant gr����er als im Zeigefingergrundgelenk., d. h. die Diskriminationsf��higkeit ist im kleinen Gelenken besser erhalten. Der chronische Schmerz korreliert positiv mit der Schwere der Parkinson-Erkrankung und f��hrt vermehrt zu depressiven St��rungen. Die Eigenwahrnehmung wird durch den chronischen Schmerz nicht beeinflusst. Die orthostastische Hypotonie korrelierte nicht zur Schmerzsymptomatik oder zur Dauer der bestehenden Erkrankung. Bei ungef��hr 1/3 der Pat. mit fortgeschrittenem MP wichen die Ergebnisse der SHA von der Norm ab. Eine positive Korrelation lie�� sich zwischen chronischen Schmerzen und der Schwere der Erkrankung nachweisen. Mit fortschreitender MP-Erkrankung waren die Ergebnisse der SHA auff��llig ver��ndert., The aim of the study is the investigation of the proprioception in Parkinson��s diseased patients on the basis of a smaller and a larger joint with and without chronic pain. Furthermore, it was reseachred whether possible deficits of the autonomic vegetative system influence the proprioception or whether there is a connection to the presence of chronic pain. The explanatory models of disorders of the proprioception and chronic pain are controversially discussed in the medical literature. In the majority of studies, Parkinson's disease (MP) is assumed to be a central genesis, for both impaired proprioception and for Parkinson's pain. The proprioception in the area of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger and the elbow joint was examined with an active setting of the joints at 30 ��, 45 �� and 90 �� angles in 33 patients without pain and 19 patients with chronic pain. The investigations of the autonomic nervous system were accomplished through 5 tests using Heart Rate Variability (normal breathing, deep breathing, Vasalva pressure test, orthostasis) and the sympathetic skin response (SHA). Questionaries were used to document the pain, including the pain duration, character and medication along with the emotional mood. The results of this study show impairments of the proprioceptive perception in the two examined joints. Deviations from the various angulation demonstrate a dependency on the size of the joint. In the area of the elbow joint, the differences to the required position present significantly greater as compared to the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger. Chronic pain correlates positively with the severity of Parkinson's disease and increasingly leads to depressive disorders. Self-perception is not influenced by the chronic pain. The orthostatic hypotension did not correlate with the pain symptoms or the duration of the existing disease. In about 1/3 of the patients with advanced MP, the results of the SHA deviated from the norm. A positive correlation was found between chronic pain and the severity of the disease. As MP disease progressed, the results of SHA were noticeable altered.

Hintergrund: Die Relevanz von digitalen Therapiemöglichkeiten hat auch im Bereich der Rehabilitation von CI-Patienten bedingt durch die Covid-19-Pandemie und damit verbundene Kontaktbeschränkungen stark zugenommen.Material und Methoden: Über 5 Wochen erhielten 42 erwachsene CI-Träger mit einer Hörerfahrung von 11,3 Monaten (SD: 7,2) und einem Durchschnittsalter von 53,8 Jahren (SD: 15,6) einmal wöchentlich videogestützt Hörtraining über die Plattform sprechstunde.online (ips-zertifiziert). Fünf berufserfahrene Therapeuten beurteilten Therapieinhalte, technische Umsetzung und Interaktion nach jeder Therapieeinheit. Bei Studienabschluss wurden die Therapeuten-Patienten-Beziehung durch die Skala Therapeutische Allianz - Revised (STA-R), das Handling durch die System Usability Scale (SUS) und die Zufriedenheit anhand des Bochumer Videotherapie-Fragebogens von Patienten und Therapeuten erfasst. Auch eine Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse wurde durchgeführt.Ergebnisse: Patienten (87,8) und Therapeuten (84,8) beurteilten die Videotherapie hinsichtlich der therapeutischen Allianz (STA-R) und der Usability (SUS) (Patienten: 87,9; Therapeuten: 93,0) als sehr positiv. Eine offene, angstfreie Kommunikation konnte trotz fehlendem, persönlichem Kontakt in 93,3% gewährleistet werden, unabhängig von Alter und Geschlecht (p=0,26). Weniger ängstlich waren Patienten mit mehr CI-Erfahrung (p=0,0025). Alle Therapeuten und 92,86% der Patienten empfanden die Videotherapie als eine positive Ergänzung zum konventionellen Hörtraining und mehr als 80% der befragten CI-Träger würden eine Videotherapie unabhängig von der Covid-19-Pandemie weiterhin nutzen. Die Zufriedenheit von Patienten (p=0,00064) und Therapeuten (p=0,0020) korrelierte stark mit der therapeutischen Allianz. Neben der Zeit- und Kostenersparnis für die Patienten wurde die verbesserte Trainingseffizienz bei Patienten mit einseitiger Taubheit (SSD) hervorgehoben. Verbesserungsbedarf bestand im Bereich der Technik (57,1%), wobei die anfänglich großen technischen Defizite (>75% aller Therapien) die Durchführung im Verlauf nicht beeinträchtigten. Das digitale Setting veränderte die Ansprüche an das Therapiematerial. Text-, Satz- und Wortmaterial konnte im Gegensatz zu Silben und Geräuschen gut integriert werden. Die Verwendung der Videotherapie führte zu einem Anstieg der Vorbereitungszeit um 3 Minuten (SD: 5,61).Fazit: Nicht nur während der Covid-19-Pandemie scheint videogestütztes Hörtraining im Rahmen der Rehabilitation erwachsener CI-Träger eine gute Alternative zu einer face-to-face Therapie zu sein. Das Interesse der Patienten und Therapeuten ist groß. Ob eine stabile therapeutische Allianz langfristig aufrechterhalten werden kann und welchen Einfluss dieses Therapiekonzept mit seinen technischen Herausforderungen auf die Therapieeffizienz hat, muss durch weiterführende Studien ermittelt werden.

The effect of homogenization, ultrasound and microwave extraction methods and conditions on fucoxanthin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated in this study. The solvent/biomass ratio was the most effective parameter on fucoxanthin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The maximum fucoxanthin content (5.60 ± 0.06 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (763.00 ± 15.88 EC50 ?g/mL extract) were obtained with the homogenization extraction method whose optimum conditions were 1.93% biomass/solvent ratio, ~5200 rpm homogenization rate and 14.2 min extraction time. Although the ultrasonic extraction method has reached the approximately same level of fucoxanthin content (5.24 ± 0.07 mg/g)), TPC (67.68 ± 1.58 mg gallic acid/L) and antioxidant activity (619.90 ± 17.16 EC50 ?g/mL extract) at an amplitude of 55.72%, a higher biomass/ solvent ratio (2.72%) and a longer extraction time (17.37 min) have been required. The lowest fucoxanthin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined for the microwave extraction method.

The supplementary methods provide further details concerning the dog sample, the stimuli, the eye-tracking data collection and the analyses. The supplementary results include the linear mixed model of the aggregated pupil size data and more information concerning the generalised additive mixed model.

CIRP journal of manufacturing science and technology 35, 217-235 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.06.013, Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Christiane Völter,1 Lisa Götze,1 Stefan Dazert,1 Rainer Wirth,2 Jan Peter Thomas1 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Bochum 44787, Germany; 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne 44625, GermanyCorrespondence: Christiane VölterDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Bleichstraße 15, Bochum 44787, GermanyTel +49 234 509 8390Email christiane.voelter@rub.deBackground: Due to the aging society, the incidence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is strongly increasing. Hearing loss has a high impact on various aspects of life and may lead to social isolation, depression, loss of gain control, frailty and even mental decline. Comorbidity of cognitive and sensory impairment is not rare. This might have an impact on diagnostics and treatment in the geriatric setting.Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of hearing impairment on geriatric assessment and cognitive testing routinely done in geriatrics.Material and Methods: This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in Medline, including individual studies, meta-analyses, guidelines, Cochrane reviews, and other reviews from 1960 until August 2020.Results: Awareness of sensory impairment is low among patients and health professionals working with elderly people. The evaluation of the hearing status is not always part of the geriatric assessment and not yet routinely done in psychiatric settings. However, neurocognitive testing as an important part can be strongly influenced by auditory deprivation. Misunderstanding of verbal instructions, cognitive changes, and delayed central processes may lead to a false diagnosis in up to 16% of subjects with hearing loss. To minimize this bias, several neurocognitive assessments were transformed into non-auditory versions recently, eg the most commonly used Hearing-Impaired Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HI-MoCA). However, most of them still lack normative data for elderly people with hearing loss.Conclusion: Hearing loss should be taken into consideration when performing geriatric assessment and cognitive testing in elderly subjects. Test batteries suitable for ARLH should be applied.Keywords: age-related hearing loss, cognitive screening, dementia, geriatric assessment

Machine learning based methods for diagnosis and progression prediction of COVID-19 from imaging data have gained significant attention in the last months, in particular by the use of deep learning models. In this context hundreds of models where proposed with the majority of them trained on public datasets. Data scarcity, mismatch between training and target population, group imbalance, and lack of documentation are important sources of bias, hindering the applicability of these models to real-world clinical practice. Considering that datasets are an essential part of model building and evaluation, a deeper understanding of the current landscape is needed. This paper presents an overview of the currently public available COVID-19 chest X-ray datasets. Each dataset is briefly described and potential strength, limitations and interactions between datasets are identified. In particular, some key properties of current datasets that could be potential sources of bias, impairing models trained on them are pointed out. These descriptions are useful for model building on those datasets, to choose the best dataset according the model goal, to take into account the specific limitations to avoid reporting overconfident benchmark results, and to discuss their impact on the generalisation capabilities in a specific clinical setting, 12 pages, 3 figures

Additional file 1. Questionnaires.

Plankton are a pivotal component of the diversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems. A long time-series of observations is the best tool to trace their patterns and variability over multiple scales, ultimately providing a sound foundation for assessing, modelling and predicting the effects of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes on pelagic communities. At the same time, a long time-series constitutes a formidable asset for different kinds of research on specific questions that emerge from the observations, whereby the results of these complementary studies provide precious interpretative tools that augment the informative value of the data collected. In this paper, we review more than 140 studies that have been developed around a Mediterranean plankton time series gathered in the Gulf of Naples at the station LTER-MC since 1984. These studies have addressed different topics concerning marine plankton, which have included: i) seasonal patterns and trends; ii) taxonomic diversity, with a focus on key or harmful algal species and the discovery of many new taxa; iii) molecular diversity of selected species, groups of species or the whole planktonic community; iv) life cycles of several phyto- and zooplankton species; and v) interactions among species through trophic relationships, parasites and viruses. Overall, the products of this research demonstrate the great value of time series besides the record of fluctuations and trends, and highlight their primary role in the development of the scientific knowledge of plankton much beyond the local scale.

Additional file 2. Questions from the qualitative interview guides on implementation of the cardiology program.

Additional file 3. Themes/categories and representative quotes from the qualitative data analysis relevant to the implementation of the cardiology program.

A user-friendly fibre-coupled single-photon source operating at telecom wavelengths is a key component of photonic quantum networks providing long-haul ultra-secure data exchange. To take full advantage of quantum-mechanical data protection and to maximize the transmission rate and distance, a true quantum source providing single-photons on demand is highly desirable. We tackle this great challenge by developing a ready to use semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based device that launches single photons at a wavelength of 1.3 um directly into a single-mode optical fibre. In our approach the QD is deterministically integrated into a nanophotonic structure to ensure efficient on-chip coupling into a fibre. The whole arrangement is integrated into a 19" compatible housing to enable stand-alone operation by cooling via a compact Stirling cryocooler. The realized source delivers single photons with multiphoton events probability as low as 0.15 and single-photon emission rate up to 73 kHz into a standard telecom single-mode fibre., 20 pages, 3 figures

Runtime (walltime) as a function of the size of the neural array and the simulation duration. In every graph and for every algorithm the mean is depicted by a solid line together with the region of one standard deviation above and below. The measurements were conducted on a high performance computing cluster, where for the analysis of every dataset 1 CPU core and 16 GB of RAM were allocated and output was written to the flash storage. The relative runtime for every algorithm was computed relative to the runtime at the default parameters (cf. Table. 1). A, B: Varying the size of the neural array. C, D: Varying the simulation duration T. (PDF 189 kb)

Assembly detection performance for the estimated reference assembly configuration. The performance of the different algorithms as a function of the parameter p of the reference assembly configuration. For most values of p SGC performed best, apart from large values of p where all algorithms performed poorly. (PDF 80.7 kb)

Number of CDS shared by and unique to X. t. pv. graminis of different geographic origin. The two Venn diagrams represent the comparison of either the core genome of the Swiss strains, i.e. Xtg29, Xtg2, Xtg9, and Xtg10 (A) or the Norwegian (NCPPB 3709) and New Zealand (ICMP 6431) strain (B) against the other Xtg strains. (PDF 299ย�kb)

wxc gene cluster comparison of four X. translucens pathovars represented by X. t. pv. graminis Xtg2 and the pathotype strains X. t. pv. arrhenatheri LMG 727PT, X. t. pv. poae LMG 728PT, and X. t. pv. phlei LMG 730PT. The strain Xtg2 was chosen as a representative of the pv. graminis. Intra-pathovar differences of Xtg strains, i.e. CDS with gene separation events due to non-sense mutations as observed for Xtg29, ICMP 6431, and NCPPB 3709, are indicated by red borders. Inter-pathovar gene cluster comparison revealed a highly variable region highlighted by a grey background, while the flanking regions were largely conserved. (PDF 202ย�kb)

wxc gene cluster comparison of four X. translucens pathovars represented by X. t. pv. graminis Xtg2 and the pathotype strains X. t. pv. arrhenatheri LMG 727PT, X. t. pv. poae LMG 728PT, and X. t. pv. phlei LMG 730PT. The strain Xtg2 was chosen as a representative of the pv. graminis. Intra-pathovar differences of Xtg strains, i.e. CDS with gene separation events due to non-sense mutations as observed for Xtg29, ICMP 6431, and NCPPB 3709, are indicated by red borders. Inter-pathovar gene cluster comparison revealed a highly variable region highlighted by a grey background, while the flanking regions were largely conserved. (PDF 202ย�kb)

Xtg core singleton CDS which encode hypothetical proteins or IS elements. (DOCX 17ย�kb)

Xtg29 genome statistics based on data of the 454 Titanium FLX System and the Illumina MiSeq System sequencing strategies. (DOCX 15ย�kb)

Number of CDS shared by and unique to X. t. pv. graminis of different geographic origin. The two Venn diagrams represent the comparison of either the core genome of the Swiss strains, i.e. Xtg29, Xtg2, Xtg9, and Xtg10 (A) or the Norwegian (NCPPB 3709) and New Zealand (ICMP 6431) strain (B) against the other Xtg strains. (PDF 299ย�kb)

Number of strain-specific CDS predicted for seven Xtg strains. The data reflect the amount of predicted hypothetical proteins (blue), CDS with annotated functions (green) as well as detected transposases (grey). (PDF 171ย�kb)

Xtg29 genome statistics based on data of the 454 Titanium FLX System and the Illumina MiSeq System sequencing strategies. (DOCX 15ย�kb)

Percentage identity matrix of the minor type IV pilus pilins PilE, PilX, PilW, PilV, and FimT as well as the T4P adhesin PilY1 across X. translucens strains (i.e. X. t. pv. graminis Xtg29, X. t. pv. arrhenatheri LMG 727, X. t. pv. poae LMG 728, X. t. pv. phlei LMG 730, X. t. pv. cerealis CFBP 2541, X. t. pv undulosa Xtu4699, X. t. pv. translucens DSM 18974, and X. t. DAR61454) including pathotype strains (PT) and the X. translucens type strain (T). Class III signal peptides identified for the minor pilins are indicated. For PilW homologues in X. t. pv. translucens DSM 18974 and X. t. DAR61454 no corresponding class III signal peptide was found. (PDF 386ย�kb)

Topology of the phylogenetic tree of X. translucens pathovars including percent conservation values in 500 bootstrapping iterations. (PDF 343ย�kb)

Number of strain-specific CDS predicted for seven Xtg strains. The data reflect the amount of predicted hypothetical proteins (blue), CDS with annotated functions (green) as well as detected transposases (grey). (PDF 171ย�kb)

Xtg core singleton CDS which encode hypothetical proteins or IS elements. (DOCX 17ย�kb)

Percentage identity matrix of the minor type IV pilus pilins PilE, PilX, PilW, PilV, and FimT as well as the T4P adhesin PilY1 across X. translucens strains (i.e. X. t. pv. graminis Xtg29, X. t. pv. arrhenatheri LMG 727, X. t. pv. poae LMG 728, X. t. pv. phlei LMG 730, X. t. pv. cerealis CFBP 2541, X. t. pv undulosa Xtu4699, X. t. pv. translucens DSM 18974, and X. t. DAR61454) including pathotype strains (PT) and the X. translucens type strain (T). Class III signal peptides identified for the minor pilins are indicated. For PilW homologues in X. t. pv. translucens DSM 18974 and X. t. DAR61454 no corresponding class III signal peptide was found. (PDF 386ย�kb)

Multiple sequence alignment of HrpE homologues of Xanthomonas spp. including seven Xanthomonas translucens pathovars. (PDF 51ย�kb)

The substitution of [s] for word-initial aspirated targets was examined in a Cantonese-speaking pre-school child. Perceptual analysis showed that the child produced [ph] accurately, but substituted [s] for /t(h)/, /ts(h)/ and /k(h)/. Acoustic analysis revealed no subphonemic contrast between the target /s/, and the substituted [s] for /t(h)/, /ts(h)/ and /k(h)/. The unusual substitution of [s] for aspirated lingual targets, and the lack of a subphonemic contrast among [s] productions were described in terms of feature geometry. The target feature patterns of [-continuant, +spread] were produced as [+continuant, +spread], with maintenance of the default place feature (coronal). It is proposed that the child had immature motor control of the coordination of supralaryngeal and laryngeal movements. Examination of the child's productions of aspirated lingual targets at pre-, mid- and post-therapy revealed that compensatory articulation changed over time as the child learned to coordinate laryngeal and oral movements.

Polarforschung

Concentration profiles are measured during the continuous mixing of two gas streams in a wind tunnel with a rectangular cross-section. The volume flow rates of both components differ considerably. The kinetic energy of the gas streams is used for the mixing process. The second gas stream with a different concentration is injected by nozzles. The number of nozzles and the direction of injection are varied. The concentration fields are measured with optical tomography using holographic interferometry as the measuring technique. Projection data our of four different angles of view are used for tomographic reconstruction by the ART method. Pressure losses due to mixing phenomena are measured as well. Results are presented which indicate that the quality of mixing can be improved for higher ratios of momentum flow rate and by injecting jets in crossflow, due to a higher exchange of momentum. The pressure differences due to the mixing phenomena increase with increasing ratio of momentum flow rate. For jets in crossflow a higher quality of mixing can be achieved for higher pressure losses compared to jets in coflow.

We investigate the influence of internal electrodes onto the flow field, governed by electroosmosis and electrophoresis in a modular rectangular microchannel. As internal electrodes can be positioned at lower distances, they can be operated at lower voltages and still ensure strong electrical field strength. Even at lower voltages, electrode reactions influence the species concentration fields, and the crucial question arises, whether at the electrodes all species can be kept in dissolution or whether some species are released in gaseous form. The position and charge of multiple internal electrodes is a further focus of our investigations: wall-tangential electrical field components are responsible for pumping, wall-normal electrical field components are responsible for mixing. Hence, an optimized position and charge of all electrodes will lead to an optimized electrical field, designed to fulfill the desired tasks of the modular microchannel. The mathematical model for the numerical treatment relies on a first-principle description of the EDL and the electrical forces caused by the electrical field between the internal electrodes. Hence, the so-called Debye-Huckel approximation is avoided. The governing system of equations consists of a Poisson equation for the electrical potential, the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field, species transport equations, based on the Nernst-Planck equation, and a charge transport equation. Further, a model for the electrode reactions, based on the Butler-Volmer equation, is in place. The simulations are time-dependent and two-dimensional in nature and employ a FVM.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

We investigate the influence of flow field and electrode reactions onto an electrical double layer (EDL), which is located in the immediate vicinity of the walls of a rectangular microchannel. The precise knowledge of the EDL appears to be important for many technical applications in microchannels of small width, since the electrokinetic effects, as electroosmosis or electrophoresis, in such cases depend on the detailed charge distribution. The mathematical model for the numerical treatment relies on a first–principle description of the EDL and the electrical forces caused by the electrical field between internal electrodes. Hence, the so–called Debye–Huckel approximation is avoided. The governing system of equations consists of a Poisson equation for the electrical potential, the Navier–Stokes equations for the flow field, species transport equations, based on the Nernst–Planck equation, and a model for the electrode reactions, based on the Butler–Volmer equation. The simulations are time–dependent and two–dimensional (plane) in nature and employ a finite–volume method. It is discussed, e.g., how the thickness of the EDL expands at the stagnation point of a forced flow, as the velocity (or Reynolds number) is increased. Furthermore, the effect of electrode reactions on the ionic strength and, hence, on the EDL and the electroosmotic flow, are discussed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME

Polarforschung

Polarforschung