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Trichogramma wasps were collected from the parasitized eggs of lepidopteran pests from 21 sampling sites in East Asia and South-East Asia. Six Trichogramma species were identified based on the molecular identificationmethod using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the rDNAof Trichogramma chilonis, T. evanescens, T. ostriniae, T. embryophagum, T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum. The results of molecular identification were confirmed by morphological identification. Additionally, natural populations were screened for the prevalence of Wolbachia. Five out of 21 populations were infected by the same Wolbachia strain, which was identified by using Wolbachia wsp gene and multilocus sequencing approach. The phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia wsp sequences revealed that the Wolbachia strain was classified in the strain wEvaA in the group of EvA of the supergroup A.

The traditional approaches of grayscale scanning are of low efficiency.Fractal scanning technique whose scanning efficiency reaches 100% overcomes this problem,providing a good solution to the big size and high grayscale of Flat Panel Display(FPD).This paper presents a control system with gamma correction based on fractal scanning method.The gamma correction was realized by lookup table(LUT) according to both FPD characteristic and visual characteristic.The verification was implemented by using a 32×32 pixels light-emitting diode(LED) panel as display window of the 1 280×1 024 pixels FPD.Theory and experiment results both show the method proposed in this paper could improve the FPD's visual effect.

multiple solution scheme, two dimensional variational assimilation, generalized variational optimization analysis, regularization method