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This textbook is an annotated student’s edition with a translation of the First Catilinarian Speech, a rhetorical speech that Marcus Tullius Cicero gave to the senate in the year of his consulship in 63 B.C. accusing a senator, Lucius Sergius Catilina of treason. The book is addressed mainly to undergraduate and postgraduate students, but also to the educated general reader. It includes four introductory chapters: Roman rhetoric, the life and work of Cicero, the historical background of the speech, and special topics on the First Catilinarian Speech (purpose of the speech, generic classification, metaphorical imagery, editorial issues, comparison of the First Catilinarian speech with the other three Catilinarian speeches, philosophical echoes, the reception of the Catilinarian discourses from antiquity to the present day). Six chapters follow each articulated in six sections (introductory note, text, vocabulary, translation, commentary, bibliography). The textbook makes extensive use of multimedia material, such as pictures, maps, videos, audio files, etc. Graphs and tables with chronologies and various historical data are also used for a better understanding of the work., Το σύγγραμμα αυτό είναι μια χρηστική έκδοση του Πρώτου Κατιλινιακού λόγου, που εκφώνησε ο Μάρκος Τούλλιος Κικέρωνας τη χρονιά της υπατείας του, το 63 π.Χ., κατηγορώντας τον συγκλητικό Λεύκιο Σέργιο Κατιλίνα ότι συνωμοτεί για να ανατρέψει το δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα. Το σύγγραμμα απευθύνεται κυρίως σε προπτυχιακούς και μεταπτυχιακούς φοιτητές φιλολογικών τμημάτων, αλλά και στον πεπαιδευμένο γενικό αναγνώστη. Περιλαμβάνει τέσσερα εισαγωγικά κεφάλαια για τη ρωμαϊκή ρητορική, τον βίο και το έργο του Κικέρωνα, το ιστορικό υπόβαθρο του λόγου, καθώς και ειδικά θέματα για τον Πρώτο Κατιλινιακό λόγο (σκοπός και ειδολογική κατάταξη του λόγου, εικονοποιία, εκδοτικά ζητήματα λόγω μεταγενέστερης δημοσίευσης του λόγου, σύγκριση του Πρώτου Κατιλινιακού με τους άλλους τρεις Κατιλινιακούς λόγους, φιλοσοφικά στοιχεία, πρόσληψη των Κατιλινιακών λόγων από την αρχαιότητα μέχρι τη σημερινή εποχή). Ακολουθούν έξι κεφάλαια που αρθρώνονται το καθένα σε έξι ενότητες (εισαγωγικό σημείωμα, κείμενο, λεξιλόγιο, μετάφραση, σχόλια, βιβλιογραφία). Το βιβλίο κάνει εκτεταμένη χρήση πολυμεσικού υλικού, όπως εικόνων, χαρτών, βίντεο, ηχητικών αρχείων κλπ. Για την καλύτερη κατανόηση του έργου χρησιμοποιούνται επίσης γραφήματα και πίνακες με χρονολόγια και διάφορα ιστορικά στοιχεία.

The ERC project PAGES (Priscian’s Ars Grammatica in European Scriptoria), led by Michela Rosellini at Sapienza University of Rome, sets forth to produce a new critical edition of the Ars, a long-time desideratum in Latin philology. PAGES applies the Lachmannian method with the aim of producing both a print and a digital critical edition, based on a new comprehensive recensio of the manuscript and early print tradition of the work. The first part of the paper focuses on the digital methodology of the project, which provides additional features that the print medium could not have hosted. The digital infrastructure is built around Cadmus, a modular open source software framework whose data structures allow to model complex objects with more flexibility than through the TEI-XML single-hierarchy structure (although Cadmus can still export to TEI-XML). In the instance of Cadmus tailored for PAGES, Priscian’s Latin text with critical apparatus and English translation is integrated with: diplomatic transcriptions of the Greek parts and the literary fragments in the Ars; collections of the early medieval glosses on Priscian’s Graeca and of the Humanistic interpolations in the Ars; a catalogue of Priscian’s 8th-10th-century mss. Digital markup will be provided for the literary citations and the linguistic content of the work. The second part of the paper presents the first outcomes of the collation, with particular regard to the geographical characterisation of the main traditional branches. Not only the southern-Italian tradition is independent of the Carolingian one, as De Nonno demonstrated long ago, but within the Carolingian branch it is possible to detect several manuscripts higher in the stemma than the witnesses used by the former editor, Hertz (1855-59). Another important feature of the transmission is the derivation of surviving witnesses or even lost hyparchetypes from multiple antigraphs: the textual and codicological evidence demonstrates that several manuscripts change their position within the stemma from one section of the Ars to another. The better understanding of the medieval tradition enables various improvements of the constitutio textus, as it will be shown through selected examples.P, A talk delivered online at the conference "Text and Textuality", Durham University, 15 July 2021.

[eng] This doctoral dissertation consists of a catalogue of those inscribed lead tablets found in the Western Mediterranean which can be dated to between the late sixth and the late first centuries BCE. In other words, it includes all the inscriptions on this medium that can be placed between the earliest examples and the end of the Roman Republic. The reign of Augustus represents a milestone in terms of epigraphic habits, generally speaking but also, in particular, regarding the use of lead tablets as a medium for inscriptions. From a geographical point of view, the Western Mediterranean has provided us with inscriptions coming from Sicily, Italy, the coasts of Gaul and Spain, and the western part of the Roman province of Africa, namely the region of Carthage. As far as the language of the texts is concerned, it has to be reminded that, before the Roman conquest and much later after it, this whole area was inhabited by a series of peoples speaking very different languages, both Indo-European and non-Indo-European. The main part of the corpus is written in Greek and, more precisely, in the Doric dialects from Sicily and southern Italy, though there are also inscriptions in Ionic and in Koine Greek, alongside many instances of dialect mixing. The Italic branch has provided us with lead tablets inscribed in Oscan and Latin, as has the Celtic family, with a few texts in Gaulish and one in Celtiberian. Another important part of the catalogue entries come from non-Indo-European speaking regions. The second main contributor to the corpus is Iberian, a language in which more than one hundred lead sheets, coming from the coast between the River Hérault in southern France and the River Segura in Murcia and Alacant, are written. The Etruscans have also yielded several documents. In Punic there are only a handful of lead tablets, of which only one has been read so far, while three sheets from modern-day Andalusia, inscribed in the local, semi-syllabic script, does not appear to be in Iberian but in a language which might correspond to Turdetanian, still very badly known. As for the type of inscriptions found on lead tablets, curses or defixiones continue to be the most numerous group of texts. They are written not only in the three colonial languages—Greek, Punic, and Latin—, but also in Oscan and Etruscan, whereas the use of binding màgic among the Iberians has not yet been confirmed. Other religious inscriptions, such as leges sacrae or abecedaria, are also attested. Besides, we cannot disregard the abundance of inscriptions on lead belonging to the sphere of everyday life, such as private letters, contracts, and, above all, a set of Iberian sheets concerning economic activities. In these, despite our difficulties in understanding the language, there is no doubt that numerals, measurement units, and words belonging to the lexical field of money are mentioned next to personal names., [cat] El nucli d’aquesta tesi doctoral està integrat per un catàleg de les làmines de plom inscrites del Mediterrani Occidental que poden datar-se entre la fi del segle VI i la fi de l’I ane, és a dir, dels primers testimonis fins a la caiguda de la República. D’un punt de vista geogràfic, la regió ens ha fornit inscripcions procedents de Sicília, Itàlia, les costes de la Gàl·lia i de la península Ibèrica, i l’àrea de Cartago. Quant a la llengua dels textos, la major part del corpus és escrit en grec i, més precisament, en els dialectes dòrics de Sicília i del sud d’Itàlia, encara que hi ha també inscripcions en jònic i en grec koiné, a més de nombrosos exemples de barreja de dialectes. La branca de les llengües itàliques ens ha proporcionat ploms escrits en osc i en llatí, com també la família cèltica, amb qualque text gal i un de celtibèric. Pel que fa a les regions de parla no indoeuropea, la segona llengua més emprada al corpus és l’ibèric, amb més de cent ploms provinents de la costa entre el riu Erau a Occitània i el riu Segura a Múrcia i Alacant. La resta dels documents estan en etrusc o en púnic, si bé resten tres làmines andaluses, inscrites en l’escriptura semisil·làbica local, que no semblen en llengua ibèrica sinó probablement turdetana, encara molt mal coneguda. Quant al tipus d’inscripcions presents als ploms, les tauletes de maledicció representen el grup més nombrós de textos. Es documenten encara altres inscripcions religioses, com les lleis sagrades o els alfabetaris. D’altra banda, no pot ésser menystingut el nombre de ploms enquadrables dins l’esfera de la vida quotidiana, com ara lletres privades, contractes i, sobretot, un conjunt de làmines ibèriques que testimonien activitats de tipus econòmic, làmines en les quals no hi ha dubte que s’esmenten numerals, unitats de mesura i termes del camp lèxic de la moneda al costat de noms personals.

[cat] En aquesta tesi doctoral presentem un estudi sobre els actors de mim i mimògrafs grecoromans a l’Antiguitat a partir de l’anàlisi de la documentació epigràfica i papiràcia del món antic, una font d’informació sovint negligida pels estudiosos del drama i que tanmateix ens ajuda a comprendre millor aquest espectacle en gran part encara desconegut, en aportar dades que amb freqüència complementen la informació que ens proporcionen els pocs fragments de mim que ens han arribat i que fins i tot contradiuen la imatge del mim que ens forneixen les fonts literàries. L’estudi se centra en l’examen d’aspectes concrets que ens permeten aprofundir en el nostre coneixement de la figura de l’actor de mim i el mimògraf, com ara llur sexe i edat, llur condició jurídica, llurs especialitzacions artístiques i la formació de companyies i associacions d’actors de mim, i també en l’anàlisi de qüestions com l’ús de noms artístics per part dels actors, els motius i llocs comuns presents en llurs inscripcions o els aspectes de l’acció dramàtica d’un actor de mim que evidencia la documentació, entre d’altres. Així mateix, presentem també un corpus format pels 186 documents epigràfics i papiracis en llatí, grec i copte referents a actors de mim i mimògrafs que hem analitzat per poder realitzar l’estudi, per tal que els estudiosos del mim grecoromà i del drama antic en general disposin d’un recull actualitzat d’una documentació dispersa en un gran nombre de publicacions diverses que no sempre estan a l’abast de l’investigador. En el corpus hem reunit no només aquells documents que fan referència de forma inequívoca a actors de mim i mimògrafs, sinó que també hem afegit aquells que documenten possibles artistes relacionats amb el mim, així com documents que hom ha considerat relatius a actors de mim però que a parer nostre no haurien de formar part del corpus: el motiu de llur inclusió és poder argumentar per què no fan referència a actors de mim. D’altra banda, hem procurat d’oferir per a cada document una descripció del suport, una transcripció acurada del text, una actualització bibliogràfica i una traducció i comentari de cada peça, que esperem que siguin útils per als qui consultin aquest treball., [eng] It is the aim of this thesis to present a study on Greco-Roman mime actors and mimographers in Antiquity from the analysis of ancient inscriptions and papyri, a source of information that has often been neglected by the scholar community but which enables us to achieve a better understanding of this still obscure form of entertainment by complementing our knowledge of ancient mime from the scarce number of mime fragments that have reached our age and by providing us with a unique view on the subject, quite different in many ways from the severity with which ancient authors have often treated this dramatic genre. The study focuses on the examination of various subjects concerning mime actors and mimographers, such as their sex and age, legal status, artistic specialisations and the organisation of mime actors in troupes and colleges, as well as the use of stage names by mime actors, the motifs and commonplaces found in their inscriptions or aspects concerning mime performances, among other topics. Moreover, it is also offered in this thesis a corpus of the 186 Greek, Latin and Coptic documents referring to mime actors and mimographers analysed in the study, so that scholars interested in Greco-Roman mime and ancient drama may have an up-to- date collection of inscriptions and papyri that cannot always be easily reached because of the considerable number of works in which the documentation is dispersed. The corpus not only collects documents which can undoubtedly be ascribed to ancient mime actors and mimographers, but also inscriptions and papyri which may refer to possible mimic artists, as well as documents considered by other scholars to be related to mime actors but which in our view should be excluded from the corpus: the reason of their being included here is for us to be able to argue why they do not refer to mime actors. Furthermore, we have endeavoured to provide for each of the documents collected in the corpus a description of the document, an accurate transcription of its text, an up-to- date bibliography, and a translation and comment, which we hope may be of use to the reader.

V magistrskem delu je obravnavan latinski spis z naslovom Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolymitanorum, ki opisuje dogodke 1. križarske vojne. Kroniko, ki jo je ok 1100-1101 napisal nek neznani avtor, so kot vir uporabljali številni poznejši pisci. V prvem delu so predstavljeni zgodovinsko ozadje, drugi avtorji, ki pišejo o 1. križarski vojni, kaj je znanega o anonimnem piscu, posebnosti njegovega jezika in stila in rokopisno izročilo, v drugem delu pa latinsko besedilo s komentarjem in prevodom v slovenski jezik. V komentarju so obrazložena težje razumljiva mesta, geografski pojmi, nastopajoče osebe in kronološka vprašanja. Jezik anonimnega pisca vsebuje elemente klasične, srebrne in pozne latinščine, je zgoščen, razumljiv, vendar stilno precej neizbrušen. Zapletenejše stavčne konstrukcije so redke, besedotvorje in skladnja pa glede na klasično normo precej poenostavljeni. Avtorjeva značilnost so tudi razne poenostavitve, na primer izpuščanje h-ja in spreminjanje diftongov v samoglasnike, uporablja pa tudi jezik poezije, liturgije in Svetega pisma. Poleg svetopisemskih citatov so v pripoved vpletene tudi čudežne zgodbe, ki jih avtor razume kot poseg boga, ki naj bi želel pomagati križarjem. Razmeroma pogosta je tudi uporaba premega govora, bodisi s kratkimi citati, posamičnimi stavki ali tudi z nekoliko daljšimi govori posameznikov. V jezikovnem pogledu predstavlja spis Gesta Francorum odličen primer latinščine v času njenega postopnega prehoda v romanske jezike. The master's thesis deals with the chronicle of the First Crusade by an anonymous author entitled Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolymitanorum. Composed ca. 1100-1101 this account was used by many later writers as a source. The first part of the thesis examines the historical background, other writen sources for the First Crusade, what is known about the anonymous author, the peculiarities of his language and style and manuscript tradition. The second part presents the Latin text of the original, translation into Slovene and commentary. In the commentary more complex issues, geographical terms, persons and chronological questions are explained. The anonymous writer's language contains elements of classical, silver and late Latin. It is concise, understandable, but stylistically either rough, unpolished and unadorned. The sentences are rarely complex, the vocabulary is relatively limited. The author features various simplifications, such as omitting of h, switching diphthongs to vowels and uses also the language of poetry, liturgy and the Bible. In addition to quotations from the Bible, the narrative contains also various stories of miraculous events of which he was convicted that God intervened to help the crusaders. Direct speech is used relatively often, either with short quotations, individual sentences, or even slightly longer speeches by individuals. It is clear that the standards of the Latinity used in the Gesta Francorum belong to the time when Latin was gradualy turning into Romance.

Este trabajo ofrece la edición crítica (basada en la autopsia del soporte) y el comentario filológico de dos inscripciones de la Galia lugdunense, con especial atención al mensaje afectivo y elogioso que toma como modelo un hexámetro conocido, con reflexiones sobre los límites entre lo formular y lo métrico en composiciones de estas características. This paper offers the critical edition and the philological commentary on two inscriptions from Gallia Lugdunensis, based on the autopsy of the pieces. It devotes special attention to the affective and laudatory message based on a well known hexameter. It further offers reflections on the limits between metric or for-mulaic compositions in this kind of inscriptions. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España PGC2018-095981-B-I00

Llucià, en l'obra en què descriu -no pas benèvolament- la mort de Peregrí, afirma que, durant un cert temps, aquest personatge mantingué una estreta relació amb els cristians, queel tenien en gran estima i l'anomenaven "nou Sòcrates".

Este trabajo ofrece la edición crítica (basada en la autopsia del soporte) y el comentario filológico de dos inscripciones de la Galia lugdunense, con especial atención al mensaje afectivo y elogioso que toma como modelo un hexámetro conocido, con reflexiones sobre los límites entre lo formular y lo métrico en composiciones de estas características. This paper offers the critical edition and the philological commentary on two inscriptions from Gallia Lugdunensis, based on the autopsy of the pieces. It devotes special attention to the affective and laudatory message based on a well known hexameter. It further offers reflections on the limits between metric or for-mulaic compositions in this kind of inscriptions. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España PGC2018-095981-B-I00

Nella prima parte dell'articolo (paragrafi 1-3), Edoardo D'Angelo ha scritto sulla storia e gli obiettivi di ALIM. La seconda parte dell'articolo (paragrafi 4-10), scritta da Paolo Monella, discute gli aspetti informatico-umanistici della transizione del progetto ALIM da una codifica procedurale (HTML) e proprietaria dei testi e dei loro metadati a standard descrittivi (TEI XML) e open source, e propone in chiusura una riflessione sui modelli di collaborazione tra umanisti, umanisti informatici e informatici all'interno del progetto. In the first part of this article (paragraphs 1-3), Edoardo D'Angelo wrote about the history and goals of ALIM. In the second part (paragraphs 4-10), Paolo Monella wrote a reflection on the digital humanities aspects of the transition of the ALIM project from HTML to TEI XML (both for the texts and the metadata of the archive); he also discusses issues raised by collaboration between humanites, digital humanists and IT specialists in the ALIM project.

Recensione all'edizione critica, con introduzione, traduzione e commento, dei Getica di Iordanes, curata da Antonino Grillone e pubblicata a Parigi, da Les Belles Lettres, nel 2017.

El trabajo parte de un nuevo proyecto de edición y comentario de los CLE de las Galias y reflexiona sobre la naturaleza métrica de determinados epígrafes a la hora de decidir su inclusión o exclusión del corpus. Para ello se estudian dos ejemplos concretos, que no llegan a ser composiciones métricas, sino inscripciones con mensajes afectivos personalizados. The study departs from a new editional and commentary project of the CLE from the Galias. It reflects on the metric nature of certain epigraphs when deciding to include or exclude them from the corpus. The study is supported by two specific examples which cannot be strictly considered as metric compositions, but as inscriptions with personalised affective messages.

Resumen: La antigua comedia romana de Plauto y Terencio modeló intrínsecamente a la comedia humanística latina. Esta, en efecto, imitó a su predecesora no solo en sus argumentos y estructura, sino también en su lengua. En este trabajo nos proponemos justamente examinar en detalle cómo se manifiesta esta influencia léxica y fraseológica en la comedia Corallaria (ca. 1432), la primera de las siete que compuso Tito Livio Frulovisi. Abstract: The ancient Roman comedy of Plautus and Terence intrinsically modelled Latin humanistic comedy. In fact, the latter imitated its predecessor not only in its arguments and structure, but also in its language. In this article, we propose to examine in depth the ways in which this lexical and phraseological influence is expressed in Corallaria (ca. 1432), the first of seven comedies written by Tito Livio Frulovisi.

This paper focuses in a new proposal of edition of a funerary and fragmentary inscription from Lyon. The study and proposal allows us to recognize two corrects hexameters in a composition traditionally classifi ed as commatica.

Which “sacred” / which “profane”? If the word "profane" necessarily evokes, in the context of the writings of the founders of sociology and anthropology, its "sacred" antonym, by creating in William Robertson Smith’ writing a dichotomy of the type x ≠ y (pure ≠ impure; impure, sacred ≠ secular), or another dichotomy of the x / non-x type by Émile Durkheim (religious / non-religious), its ancient use, as it appears in the writings of Latin poets and writers - Cato the Elder, Ovid, Palladian, Servius, Stace, and Tacitus - does not necessarily have the same meaning as it is current designation, nor evoke the same antagonism mentioned above., De quel sacré / de quel profane ? Si le mot « profane » évoque forcement, dans le contexte des écrits des fondateurs de la sociologie et de l'anthropologie, son antonyme « sacré », en créant chez William Robertson Smith une dichotomie de type x ≠ y (pur ≠ impur ; saint ≠ impur ; sacré ≠ profane), ou une autre dichotomie de type x / non-x chez Émile Durkheim (religieux / non-religieux ; faste / néfaste), son usage antique, tel qu'il se présente dans les écrits des poètes et des écrivains latins-Caton l'Ancien, Ovide, Pallade, Servius, Stace et Tacite-ne porte pas obligatoirement la même signification qu'on lui accorde actuellement ni évoque le même antagonisme mentionné ci-devant.

International audience; Vers 1100, Roger de Hauteville, devenu le Grand Comte de Sicile, charge Geoffroi Malaterra de relater ses triomphes en Italie méridionale. L'œuvre compte quatre livres, rédigés avec soin, dans le souci de plaire au commanditaire et d'instruire les lecteurs sur le sens des événements. Les deux premiers livres racontent comment les fils de Tancrède, victorieux des Lombards, des Byzantins, du pape et des Sarrasins, sont parvenus, par la force des armes et le soutien de Dieu, à établir un nouvel État normand en Pouille, en Calabre et dans la partie septentrionale de la Sicile. Le texte latin est accompagné d'une traduction française, de notes philologiques et historiques, de planches et de cartes, éclairant le lecteur sur les événements, les lieux et les personnages

[Resumen] Miscelánea compuesta por cuarenta artículos en homenaje al profesor Ángel Custodio Urbán Fernández, Catedrático de Filología Griega de la Universidad de Córdoba, con motivo de su jubilación. En ella participan cuarenta y un estudiosos y amigos que aportan artículos relacionados con las disciplinas en que ha trabajado el homenajeado a lo largo de su carrera [Abstract] Miscellany composed of forty articles in homage to Ángel Custodio Urbán Fernández, Professor of Greek Philology in the University of Córdoba, on the occasion of his retirement. In this book participate forty one specialists and colleagues providing articles related to disciplines in which the honoree has worked during his career

[cat] Aquesta tesi doctoral, emmarcada dins del projecte del Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (UB–CSIC), té com a objecte d’estudi el lèxic referent a l’alimentació que es troba en la documentació llatina del territori lingüístic català dels segles IX-XII. Aquesta documentació conforma un corpus molt ampli (ms de 22.000 documents) i de tipologia molt diversa: donacions, vendes, contractes agraris, testaments, inventaris, judicis, convenis, juraments de fidelitat i judicials, actes de consagració d’esglèsies, etc.El buidatge d’aquestes fonts ha permès registrar 194 mots que denominen aliments o estris per a cuinar, servir, menjar o emmagatzemar aliments. Aquests mots es presenten, en el treball, dividits en dos grans blocs: “Aliments” i “Estris”. Pel que fa al primer apartat, s’han registrat termes que denominen genèricament el concepte d’aliment i beguda i, més específicament, termes referents a productes vegetals, que són cereals (i productes elaborats a partir de cereals, com farina, pans i dolços), hortalisses, llegums, fruits i fruites, així com mots que denominen animals i productes d’origen animal, espècies i condiments, guisats i begudes. Pel que fa al segon bloc, s’han recollit termes que designen, en sentit genèric, un conjunt determinat d’estris, així com termes especfics referents a estris de la bateria de cuina, estris de la llar de foc, plats i bols, copes i gerres, estris de la coberteria, estris varis d’elaboració i recipients d’emmagatzematge i transport. Les veus aplegades es presenten sistemàticament en entrades o fitxes que presenten una mateixa estructura i on es fa un estudi exhaustiu del mot, parant especial atenció en l’aspecte etimològic, semàntic, morfològic i evolutiu (dins del territori romànic). Essencialment, el lèxic recollit està format per mots pròpiament llatins, heretats d’etapes anteriors de la llengua, per s’hi registren també innovacions lèxiques (mots de nova creació o prèstecs d’altres llengües) i innovacions semàntiques (mots ja existents que incorporen un nou significat). D’entre els primers, cal destacar la freqüent aparició de catalanismes, més o menys llatinitzats. Així, la barreja constant del llatí i la llengua romànica incipient d’aquest territori forneix una font primordial per al coneixement del català en el seu període preliterari, oferint, en múltiples ocasions, la primera datació de mots que conformen el cabal lèxic d’aquesta llengua., [eng] The present doctoral thesis has been developed in the framework of the project Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (UB–CSIC). It studies the lexicon related to food in the Latin documents coming from the Catalan linguistic territory between the 9th and the 12th centuries. This documentation consists of more than 22,000 documents of many kinds. From the thorough revision of these text files we have collected a total of 194 words designating different types of food, cutlery, kitchenware and other objects to serve and store food. These words are divided into two main parts: “Food” and “Tools”. In the first part we have registered terms referred to vegetal products, such as cereals (and its by-products like flour, bread and pastries), vegetables, legumes and fruits; terms related to animals and its by-products; species and condiments; cooked dishes and drinks. As for the second part, we have registered words that describe kitchenware, fireplace tools, dishes and bowls, cups and jars, cutlery and vessels for storing and transporting food. The collected terms are presented in a systematic way in structured entries where the word is studied in detail, in particular its etymology, semantics, morphology and evolution (in the Romance languages).Essentially, the lexicon we have studied contains mainly Latin words, inherited from previous stages of the language. However, there are also some lexical innovations (newly created words or loan words) and semantic innovations (preexisting words that take a new meaning). Among the former, it is important to remark the frequent Catalanisms, with different levels of latinization. Therefore, the constant mixture of Latin with the early Romance language in this territory represents a fundamental source of knowledge of the pre-literary Catalan. This has led us to provide the earliest datation of several words in this language.

Which “sacred” / which “profane”? If the word "profane" necessarily evokes, in the context of the writings of the founders of sociology and anthropology, its "sacred" antonym, by creating in William Robertson Smith’ writing a dichotomy of the type x ≠ y (pure ≠ impure; impure, sacred ≠ secular), or another dichotomy of the x / non-x type by Émile Durkheim (religious / non-religious), its ancient use, as it appears in the writings of Latin poets and writers - Cato the Elder, Ovid, Palladian, Servius, Stace, and Tacitus - does not necessarily have the same meaning as it is current designation, nor evoke the same antagonism mentioned above., De quel sacré / de quel profane ? Si le mot « profane » évoque forcement, dans le contexte des écrits des fondateurs de la sociologie et de l'anthropologie, son antonyme « sacré », en créant chez William Robertson Smith une dichotomie de type x ≠ y (pur ≠ impur ; saint ≠ impur ; sacré ≠ profane), ou une autre dichotomie de type x / non-x chez Émile Durkheim (religieux / non-religieux ; faste / néfaste), son usage antique, tel qu'il se présente dans les écrits des poètes et des écrivains latins-Caton l'Ancien, Ovide, Pallade, Servius, Stace et Tacite-ne porte pas obligatoirement la même signification qu'on lui accorde actuellement ni évoque le même antagonisme mentionné ci-devant.

International audience

The use of hostis meaning exercitus in a passage of the Cambridge Glossa in Apocalypsin can be a sign of the origin of its author.

Esmenes al text i anotacions crítiques del llibre: LORENZO VERONÉS, La Guerra de Mallorca en ocho libros. Cronología, introducción, edición crítica, traducción e índice de Jaume Juan Castelló. Barcelona, Bosch 1996, 423 p.

[cat] Aquesta tesi té per objectiu analitzar i comprendre la capacitat de Ferrer Saiol com a traductor de l’Opus agriculturae de Pal•ladi. D’aquesta traducció, redactada pels volts del 1385, en conservem dos exemplars posteriors, un en català (València, Biblioteca Municipal Serrano Morales, 6437) i un en castellà (Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, 10211), que ens ajuden a entendre fins a quin punt Saiol comprèn l’obra llatina i de quines fonts disposava per al seu treball. Dividim aquest estudi en tres seccions. La primera versa sobre la difusió de l’Opus agriculturae durant l’Edat Mitjana i el Primer Renaixement. Incloem la pervivència de l’obra pal•ladiana a la Corona d’Aragó i la traducció del protonotari Ferrer Saiol. En la segona secció analitzem els dos testimonis conservats i la seva filiació; examinem les fonts llatines emprades per Ferrer; i realitzem una anàlisi del tresor lexicogràfic, morfològic i sintàctic, nucli del nostre estudi. La tercera és una edició del llibre primer de l’Opus agriculturae en què incloem el text llatí canònic i les dues versions iberorromàniques., [eng] The aim of this thesis is to analyse and to understand Ferrer Saiol's skills as a translator of Palladius' Opus agriculturae. Only two manuscripts of this translation written around 1385 have reached us: one of them, in Catalan, (from Biblioteca Municipal Serrano Morales in Valencia, 6437) and the other one, in Spanish, (from Biblioteca Nacional de España in Madrid, 10211). Both texts help us to discern which Ferrer Saiol’s comprehension of the Latin work was and which sources were followed to make his translation. Our thesis is divided into three parts. The first one deals with Opus agriculturae’s dissemination during the Middle Ages and the First Renaissance. It also includes the presence to the Palladian work in the Kingdom of Aragon as well as Saiol’s translation. The second section analyses both preserved testimonies and their filiation by examining the Latin sources used by Ferrer and it studies their lexicographical, morphological and syntactic treasure, which is the core of our thesis. The third part consists of an edition of the Opus agriculturae first book, that includes the canonical Latin text and both Ibero-Romance versions.

[cat] La meva tesi doctoral presenta un recull dels termes de la crítica textual llatina dels ss. IV-VI d.C. Concretament, ofereix un estudi tècnic del vocabulari que els comentaristes i escoliastes utilitzaren per referir-se a com ens transmeteren els textos amb l‘objectiu d‘oferir un panorama general de les aportacions a la crítica textual llatina de l‘època. El corpus a lexicalitzar queda constituït per una quinzena d‘escolis i comentaris a Horaci, Terenci, Virgili, Ciceró, Juvenal, Lucà, Estaci, Persi i les Subscriptiones. El problema més important que presenta el material és la seva heterogeneïtat tant pel que fa a la cronologia com pel que fa a l‘autoria: la majoria d‘aquests textos es basen en un fons escoliogràcfic comú dels ss. IV-VI, que es va transformant fins a adquirir la seva forma definitiva cap als ss. IX-X., [eng] My PhD dissertation offers a collection of Latin terms concerning textual criticism which belongs to the period between the fourth and sixth century AD. It is a technical study of the terminology used by commentators and scholiasts in order to explain how they transmitted Latin literary texts and it serves the purpose of offering an overall view of the Latin Textual Criticism of this period. The corpus which will be lexicalised includes about fifteen scholia and comentaries on Horace, Terence, Vergil, Cicero, Juvenal, Lucan, Statius, Persius and the Subscriptiones. The main challenge is to deal with the heterogeneity of chronology and authorship. Most of the texts derive from scholiastic material from the fourth, fifth or sixth century BC, which constantly changed until it reached its definitive form around the ninth or tenth century

Estudio crítico, filológico e histórico de las voces "infra", "Gundissaluus sanctionis", "Portella de Arenis", "uallem Prauiarensem" y "Vallis Cesar" en la última edición filológica del Chronicon Mundi de Lucas de Tuy a través de la historiografía y documentación medieval latina y española. A critical, philological and historical study of the words "infra", "Gundissaluus sanctionis", "Portella de Arenis", "uallem Prauiarensem" and "Vallis Cesar", in the last philological edition of Lucas de Tuy’s Chronicon Mundi, trough the historiography and the medieval Latin and Spanish documentation.

Estudio crítico, filológico e histórico de las voces "infra", "Gundissaluus sanctionis", "Portella de Arenis", "uallem Prauiarensem" y "Vallis Cesar" en la última edición filológica del Chronicon Mundi de Lucas de Tuy a través de la historiografía y documentación medieval latina y española. A critical, philological and historical study of the words "infra", "Gundissaluus sanctionis", "Portella de Arenis", "uallem Prauiarensem" and "Vallis Cesar", in the last philological edition of Lucas de Tuy’s Chronicon Mundi, trough the historiography and the medieval Latin and Spanish documentation.

The Passio Typasii survives in only one manuscript and was published for the first time in 1890. It purports to describe the trial and death of a Mauretanian martyr, a military veteran by the name of Typasius, during the Diocletianic persecution. However as recently demonstrated its literary borrowings, from the Breviarium of Eutropius and the Vita Martini of Sulpicius Severus, suggest that it is a mere fiction and that it should be dated after c. A.d. 396. It is the purpose of this note to draw attention to its preservation of an otherwise unattested title, that of the praepositus saltus, and to expand upon the significance of this title for the interpretation of the work. This title only occurs fully in one passage, being elsewhere abbreviated to praepositus, and this passage is of some interest therefore.

[cat] La present recerca poa les fonts literàries i epigràfiques gregues i llatines que aporten dades útils per al coneixement de la llengua de les antigues poblacions nord-africanes que els autors antics anomenaven genèricament Libyes, Mauri, Numidae, Gaetuli i Mazices. Vuit capítols de la tesi analitzen i classifiquen per regions antigues (I. Egipte, II. Cirenaica, III. Tripolitània, IV. Fazània i Sàhara Central, V. Zeugitana i Bizacena, VI. Numídia, VII. Mauretània Cesariana, VIII. Mauretània Tingitana i Sàhara Occidental) les dades filològiques (aplegades en apèndix en un corpus establert cronològicament) i epigràfiques, a partir de les quals són descrites la situació sociolingüística i la distribució geogràfica de la llengua dels maures en relació amb les llengües en contacte: egipci, grec, púnic, llatí, llengües txàdiques, nilosaharianes, mandaiques o atlàntiques, segons les regions. El capítol IX descriu la fonologia i la morfologia del paleoamazic a partir de les dades filològiques i epigràfiques analitzades als capítols precedents i estableix un corpus lèxic de 107 mots comuns paleoamazics, que constitueixen un agafador formal més sòlid per a la descripció gramatical del paleoamazic que els més d'un miler d'antropònims (a més de dades toponímiques i etnonímiques parcialment explotades) aplegats als capítols precedents. Són aquestes anàlisis fonològiques, morfològiques i lexicològiques les que menen a la conclusió que els testimoniatges espigolats a les fonts antigues gregues i llatines (amb el suport addicional també tingut en compte de l'epigrafia líbica i púnica, principalment) referits a la llengua dels maures constitueixen efectivament un estadi antic de la llengua amaziga (o berber). Les dades antroponímiques aporten singularment alguns noms propis recurrents diatòpicament (en diverses regions de l'Àfrica del Nord antiga) i diacrònicament (a través de l'edat mitjana i fins a l'actualitat). En aquest mateix capítol IX es tracta la delicada qüestió de l'expansió amaziga i el problema de la cronologia protoamaziga; s'hi rebaten les tesis migracionistes de gran abast (no corroborades pels estudis paleodemogràfics més fiables) i esdevenimentals de fets puntuals com a causes de la forja del protoamazic; en canvi, s'hi acullen originalment com a factors determinants el propi funcionament intern de la societat tribal paleoamaziga, basat en mecanismes de segmentarietat i reduplicació, així com en institucions vertebradores d'un espai comunicatiu comú, com podien ser les rutes de caravanes transsaharianes, els mercats i les fires rurals, els aplecs i festes patronals i altres fenòmens que amb prou feines han deixat empremtes arqueològiques i testimoniatges literaris i epigràfics però que poden haver estat igualment rellevants en la cristal·lització d'una koinè composicional paleoamaziga esdevinguda protollengua de l'entramat dialectal amazic tal com el coneixem d'èpoques més ben conegudes. La present recerca posa de manifest el rol mitjancer, gràcies al control de les rutes de caravanes transsaharianes, de les poblacions paleoamazigues (entre les quals podem esmentar els garamants, els nasamons i els getuls, com més endavant, a partir de l'edat mitjana, ibadites, almoràvits, almohades i tuaregs) en les innovacions tecnològiques, econòmiques, agràries, religioses i d'altra mena vehiculades per poblacions mediterrànies a través de llengües com l'egipci, el púnic, el grec i, sobretot, el llatí, a poblacions saharianes i sahelianes parlants de llengües nilosaharianes, txàdiques, mandaiques i atlàntiques. El capítol X exposa les conclusions de la tesi. Finalment, un annex de cartografia lingüística consistent en 17 làmines il·lustra les distribucions geogràfiques de les llengües parlades a l'Àfrica del Nord a l'antiguitat segons es desprèn de les dades sotmeses a anàlisi. Els índexs finals (de matèries, geogràfic, etnonímic, de personatges antics i medievals, d'autors moderns i de figures) faciliten la consulta d'aquest extens treball monogràfic., [eng] According to Greek and Latin literary and epigraphic sources, the present research analyses evidences of the language of the North African populations that ancient authors called Libyes, Mauri, Numidae, Gaetuli and Mazices. Eight chapters analyse and classify through old regions (I. Egypt, II. Cyrenaica, III. Tripolitania, IV. Phazania and Central Sahara, V. Zeugitana and Bizacena, VI. Numidia, VII. Mauretania Caesariensis, VIII. Mauretania Tingitana and Western Sahara) philological (gathered as appendix in a corpus established on chronological grounds) and epigraphic data useful for the description of the sociolinguistic situation and geographic distribution of the language of the Mauri in relation with languages in contact. Chapter IX describes the phonology and morphology of Paleo-Amazigh according to the philological and epigraphic data analysed in the precedent chapters and brings forward a lexical corpus of 107 items of Paleo-Amazigh common names. These phonological, morphological and lexical analyses are the basis to state that, as a matter of fact, the evidences of the language of the Mauri collected from Greek and Latin sources reflect Old Amazigh. Some anthroponymic recurrences through the ages and through distant North African regions have also been brought forward according to a rich corpus of more than a thousand items. The complicated question of the correlate between Amazigh spread and Proto-Amazigh chronology is also dealt with in chapter IX. A major contribution of the present research is the well attested role of Paleo-Amazigh speaking populations as mediators between Mediterranean populations (speakers of such languages as Egyptian, Punic, Greek and specially Latin) and Saharan and Sahelian populations (speakers of Nilo-Saharan, Chadic, Mande and Atlantic languages). The conclusions are set forth in chapter X. An annex of 17 plates of linguistic cartography illustrate the geographical distribution of the languages spoken in North Africa in antiquity. The work contains detailed indexes as well.

According to St. Patrick in his Confessio, he suffered some form of Satanic attack one night during his wandering in a wilderness following his escape from slavery in Ireland. I will focus on the nature of Patrick’s response to the Satanic attack, the reading and significance of the words which he is alleged to have called out during the course of this attack: “Helia, helia”. My conclusion is that there is no need to charge the young Patrick with any confusion whatsoever between the cult of the sun and any aspect of his Christian faith. He did not call upon sun-god Helios during his moment of crisis, whether in confusion with the prophet Elijah or in confusion with the Christian God. Patrick’s actual words have been lost as one copyist altered them in allusion to the Kyrie, eleison of his contemporary liturgy and another failed to detect the allusion, and so corrected the eleison in reference to Elijah instead. Nevertheless, the context suggests that his original words would have been a simple cry for mercy addressed to Christ himself, just like the eleison itself, probably miserere or something very similar.