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The evolving field of reproductive technologies greatly alters our practices of conception and pregnancy. It is thus crucial to develop such innovations in a democratic and sustainable manner through public participation. To date, participation has mostly focused on patients or health professionals deliberating on technological risks, benefits, costs, and healthcare experiences. Thereby, the opportunity is missed to consider broader social and moral implications. Speculative design has been presented as a promising way to open up deliberation on the impacts of new technologies. In this study, speculative design was used to gain insight into citizens’ views and concerns about the social and moral implications of the new reproductive technologies. Six themes of concern were found: the rights of the unborn; access and equality; social implications of individual choices; society as a community; ecology; and the value of wonder. Notably, the latter two issues are not commonly described in the participatory literature on reproductive technologies, indicating that speculative design is suitable for broadening the debate by including issues that have not been addressed yet. Furthermore, the study brought insight into the motivations and complex values that lie behind arguments in which the naturalness of reproductive practices is emphasized. A point of critical reflection is that to broaden the range of reflections probed by speculative design even more, both the designers and the audiences should become more diverse. If this is achieved, it is suggested using speculative design in the context of public deliberation with a more direct influence on innovation trajectories and as a means for the public to become more skilled in critically engaging with imagined futures.

Eight science communication research projects have been funded by the European Commission since 2018. These projects are a response to one of the European Commission's ‘Science with and for Society' (SwafS) funding calls — “SwafS-19: Taking stock and re-examining the role of science communication.” Together these projects have received almost €10 million in research funding, and each has been affected to some extent by the COVID-19 global pandemic. This paper provides an overview of the eight projects, how they adapted to the challenges caused by the pandemic, and the subsequent implications for science communication policy and research funding.

Accurate estimation of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is required to enable on-line optimization of real-world fuel efficiency of diesel engines. This work aims to develop a BSFC estimation method which is accurate enough for an adaptive controller for on-line engine optimization, e.g., using Extremum Seeking. In this paper two different BSFC estimation methods are evaluated: A heat-release based method using in-cylinder pressure sensors and an approach based on injector opening time. Analysis of the two approaches shows that the injector opening time approach yields the highest accuracy. This method together with an adaptive controller is validated experimentally on a Euro-VI diesel engine. Experimental results show that the BSFC estimation is robust against variations in combustion phasing and scavenging losses. The estimated location, in terms of combustion phasing and scavenging losses, of the BSFC minimum remains within 0.1% relative error with respect to the measured BSFC minimum. © 2018

Rankine-cycleWasteHeatRecovery (WHR)systems are promising solutions to reduce fuel consumption for trucks. Due to coupling between engine andWHR system, control of these complex systems is challenging. This study presents an integrated energy and emission management strategy for an Euro-VI Diesel engine withWHRsystem. This Integrated Powertrain Control (IPC) strategy optimizes the CO2-NOx trade-off by minimizing online the operational costs associated with fuel and AdBlue consumption. Contrary to other control studies, the proposed control strategy optimizes overall engine-aftertreatment-WHR systemperformance and dealswith emission constraints. Fromsimulations, the potential of this IPC strategy is demonstrated over a World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) using a highfidelity simulationmodel. These results are compared with a state-of-the-art baseline engine control strategy. By applying the IPC strategy, an additional 2.6%CO2 reduction is achieved compare to the baseline strategy, while meeting the tailpipeNOx emission limit. In addition, the proposed low-levelWHR controller is shown to deal with the cold start challenges.

Samen met studenten werken aan een betere toekomst voor de regio. Dat is regioleren. Ondernemers, overheden en maatschappelijke organisaties bepalen de agenda en werken samen met onderwijs en onderzoek aan oplossingen. Waar liggen de uitdagingen? Voor de instellingen is het een belangrijke uitdaging om aansluiting te vinden bij de regio. Hoe verander je van een onderwijsinstelling in een regionaal kenniscentrum? Hoe wordt je een volwaardige partner in een kenniswerkplaats? Een tweede belangrijke uitdaging ligt in de koppeling van het leren in de regio aan de lerende regio. In het programma Regionale Transitie is deze taak bij de kenniswerkplaatsen gelegd. De kenniswerkplaats is gebaseerd op een gezamenlijke regionale kennisagenda van overheid, ondernemers, maatschappelijke organisaties, onderwijs en onderzoek.

The potential of a cost-based optimization method is experimentally demonstrated on a Euro-VI heavy-duty diesel engine. Based on the actual engine-aftertreatment state, this model-based Integrated Emission Management (IEM) strategy minimizes operational (fuel and AdBlue) costs within emission constraints by real-time computation of optimal air management set points. This work discusses the control design in detail. By EGR-SCR balancing, fuel consumption and operational costs are reduced by 2.1% and 1.5%, respectively, compared to the baseline strategy over the hot World Harmonized Transient Cycle. Due to its adaptation characteristics, the IEM strategy is robust for varying conditions during real-world operation.

This study presents an integrated energy and emission management strategy which minimizes the operational costs over the study test cycle. This Integrated Powertrain Control (IPC) strategy deals with high system complexity and exploits the synergy between engine-aftertreatment systems by following a model-based approach. The potential of this integrated approach is demonstrated for a new application: an Euro-VI diesel engine with Waste Heat Recovery system. Main contribution of this work is to include the emission constraints in the control design for this application. In a simulation study, the performance of the presented IPC strategy is compared with a baseline engine control strategy over the World Harmonized Transient Cycle. It is shown that the IPC strategy explicitly deals with the NOx tailpipe emission target and simultaneously reduces CO2 emissions by 2.8% compared to the baseline strategy.

This study presents an integrated energy and emission management strategy for an Euro-VI diesel engine with Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) system. This Integrated Powertrain Control (IPC) strategy optimizes the CO2-NOx trade-off by minimizing the operational costs associated with fuel and AdBlue consumption. The main contribution of this work is that the effect of tailpipe emissions and WHR dynamics are included in the control design. In a simulation study, the potential of this strategy is demonstrated over a World Harmonized Transient Cycle. These results are compared with a baseline engine control strategy. This study shows that slow WHR dynamics strongly affect the engine performance: neglecting these dynamics in the control design leads to unacceptable high tailpipe NOx emissions. By applying the IPC strategy, an additional 2.8% CO2 reduction is achieved within the NOx emission limit compared to the baseline strategy.

This study presents an integrated energy and emission management strategy for a Euro-VI diesel engine with Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) system. This Integrated Powertrain Control (IPC) strategy optimizes the CO 2 - NO x trade-off by minimizing the operational costs associated with fuel and AdBlue consumption, while satisfying tailpipe emission constraints. The main contribution of this work is that the optimal solution is determined numerically for a given cycle and is compared with a real-time implementable strategy. Also, the WHR dynamics are explicitly included in the control design. In a simulation study, the potential of this IPC strategy is demonstrated over the World Harmonized Transient Cycle. It is shown that the real-time strategy can be applied with negligible loss of optimality. Using IPC, an additional 3.5 % CO 2 reduction is achieved, while complying with the NO x emission limit, when compared to a baseline strategy.