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Objective: Chronic posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is a common condition in patients with saneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Treatment with external ventricular drainage (EVD) is a standard life-saving treatment in the acute phase. There are currently no standards for weaning from EVD in patients [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Hintergrund: Nahe Angehörige von Patienten mit schwerem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) und hoch-gradiger Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB) sind außergewöhnlichem Distress während der Behandlung ausgesetzt. Diese können zu psychischen Beschwerden innerhalb des Spektrums der post-traumatischen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 14. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung

Objective: Early brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the most important cause of morbidity and mortality. The underlying injury mechanisms are not completely clarified. The amount of blood released during SAH correlates with the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia,[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: Today, there is no specific treatment for the prevention or treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was designed to assess if the basic physiological mechanism of CO2-regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be used to enhance[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Pancreatic metastases were found in 14 of 250 patients (5.6%) with bronchial carcinoma. The most common histological type leading to pancreatic metastases was the small-cell anaplastic carcinoma (86%). Metastasis-induced pancreatitis is rare, having been noted in only one patient (metastases in the head of the pancreas). In two other patients acute pancreatitis was found by autopsy which, however, had been clinically silent. In the other eleven the pancreatic metastases were also clinically silent.

Objective: In spite of advanced monitoring tools and pharmacological and endovascular treatment options, the occurrence of secondary ischemic deficits and infarctions after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still an unsolved problem. This study was conducted to evaluate if the physiological[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC)

Objective: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity. Due to advances of neuroimaging, the number of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) is increasing. To choose an adequate and optimal treatment modality might be complicated, especially in older patients. [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 63. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (JNS)

Objective: In a number of patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) the development of severe brain edema can be observed. Little is known about the time-course of brain-swelling, its course and pathogenesis. This study was performed to investigate the development of brain edema and its [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 63. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (JNS)

Floodplain restoration changes the nitrate delivery pattern and dissolved organic matter pool in backwaters, though the effects these changes have are not yet well known. We performed two mesocosm experiments on floodplain sediments to quantify the nitrate metabolism in two types of floodplains. Rates of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and anammox were measured using 15N-NO3 tracer additions in mesocosms of undisturbed floodplain sediments originating from (1) restored and (2) disconnected sites in the Alluvial Zone National Park on the Danube River downstream of Vienna, Austria. DNRA rates were an order of magnitude lower than denitrification and neither rate was affected by changes in nitrate delivery pattern or organic matter quality. Anammox was not detected at any of the sites. Denitrification was out-competed by assimilation, which was estimated to use up to 70% of the available nitrate. Overall, denitrification was higher in the restored sites, with mean rates of 5.7 ± 2.8 mmol N m−2 h−1 compared to the disconnected site (0.6 ± 0.5 mmol N m−2 h−1). In addition, ratios of N2O : N2 were lower in the restored site indicating a more complete denitrification. Nitrate addition had neither an effect on denitrification, nor on the N2O : N2 ratio. However, DOM (dissolved organic matter) quality significantly changed the N2O : N2 ratio in both sites. Addition of riverine-derived organic matter lowered the N2O : N2 ratio in the disconnected site, whereas addition of floodplain-derived organic matter increased the N2O : N2 ratio in the restored site. These results demonstrate that increasing floodplains hydrological connection to the main river channel increases nitrogen retention and decreases nitrous oxide emissions.

Objective: Increasing evidence suggests that SAH-patients benefit from intravenous magnesium treatment. We recently showed that magnesium sulfate can attenuate delayed vasospasm and increase the ischemic tolerance in case of cerebral vasospasm and perfusion deficits. However, a number of patients still[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 61. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC) im Rahmen der Neurowoche 2010

Objective: Secondary ischemic deficits due to cerebral vasospasm are still the major cause of in-hospital mortality and morbidity after aneurysmal SAH. Calcium antagonists have long been subject of clinical and experimental studies regarding neuroprotection in cerebral vascular insults. Magnesium has[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit den Benelux-Ländern und Bulgarien

In many densely populated areas, riverine floodplains have been strongly impacted and degraded by river channelization and flood protection dikes. Floodplains act as buffers for flood water and as filters for nutrients and pollutants carried with river water and sediment from upstream source areas. Based on results of the EU-funded "AquaTerra" project (2004-2009), we analyze changes in the dynamics of European river-floodplain systems over different temporal scales and assess their effects on contaminant behaviour and ecosystem functioning. We find that human-induced changes in the hydrologic regime of rivers have direct and severe consequences on nutrient cycling and contaminant retention in adjacent floodplains. We point out the complex interactions of contaminants with nutrient availability and other physico-chemical characteristics (pH, organic matter) in determining ecotoxicity and habitat quality, and draw conclusions for improved floodplain management. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

To gain more detailed insight into the histogenesis of primary nonurachal adenocarcinomas and signet ring cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of a broad panel of proteins, associated with cell differentiation (pS2 peptide, MUC5AC, MUC6, spasmolytic polypeptide, cyclooxygenases-1 and -2, caveolin-1), and of various novel known or candidate tumor suppressors (14-3-3 sigma, SYK, PTEN, maspin). Included were 12 adenocarcinomas admixed to urothelial carcinomas, 10 pure adenocarcinomas and 5 signet ring cell carcinomas. As the most important finding, the majority of signet ring cell carcinomas and three quarters of the adenocarcinomas (72.7%) expressed the pS2 peptide, and nearly half of the adenocarcinomas (45.5%) as well as most of the signet ring cell carcinomas were observed to secrete the MUC5AC apomucin. Since expression of both proteins was absent in the normal nonneoplastic urothelium, their tumor-associated appearance is regarded as a neoexpression or reexpression, respectively, of normally cryptic antigenic determinants, and is assumed to be involved in the phenotypical formation of vesical adenocarcinomas, including signet ring cell carcinomas. The expression of both pS2 and MUC5AC in variants of urothelial carcinomas with a glandular differentiation and an extracellular mucus production support the concept that adenocarcinomas may histogenetically develop from preexistent TCC. Adenocarcinomas which secrete the pS2 peptide and the MUC5AC glycoprotein are proposed to be subclassified as adenocarcinomas of the intestinal type, as distinguished from those of the common type lacking an expression. The tumor suppressor genes showed a loss of protein expression in adenocarcinomas, ranging from 54.5% (14-3-3 sigma), to 31.8 (PTEN), 27.3% (SYK) and 18.2% (maspin). Similar expression profiles in the coexistent urothelial carcinomas argue against a specific involvement of these genes during the morphogenesis of adenocarcinomas.

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This case report deals with drug-induced allergic thrombocytopenia with lethal issue resulting from Thomapyrin®. It was possible to demonstrate the in vitro existence of a high antibody titer against platelets. The complement-binding antibodies were directed specifically against the acetylsalicylic acid, a component of Thomapyrin®, but did not react against its phenacetin component. The clinical picture pointed to cross-reactive allergic reactions of various cell systems, in particular of the hemopoietic precursor cells. The destructive course of the cytopenia can be explained by the continuous intake of the drug. The rare occurrence of this thrombocytopenia caused by Aspirin®-until now, antibodies have been immunologically proven by only one author-renders the diagnosis of this life-threatening disease quite difficult.

Investigation of the pathogenesis of human colorectal carcinoma metastasis can be rendered experimentally possible by suitable human cell biological model systems. The purpose of these studies was to establish xenografts in nude mice from human colon carcinoma and from its metastasis in the same patient as an appropriate model. Surgically removed biopsy specimens from a colon adenocarcinoma (grade 3) and its local relapse two years later with metastases in the small intestine were established as xenotransplants and their growth characteristics examined. Both tissue types shared common characteristics with respect to marker expression (carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, cytokeratin). The primary tumor showed remarkable development of necrotic effusion with cytotoxic activity that ceased after several passages. The profile of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins), the receptors for cellular glycoconjugates in a recognitive protein-carbohydrate interplay with potential relevance to metastases formation, revealed differences between these two human tumor samples of identical origin, especially with respect to beta-galactoside-specific receptors. This glycobiochemical analysis employed standardized procedures. Prolonged passaging was also shown to result in profile alterations, as was similarly noted in comparison to another species. These studies may encourage the application of systems of primary tumor and its metastases in the same patient in attempts to correlate the expression of cellular characteristics with the biological and clinical behavior of human colonic tumor cells.