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Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem, increasingly becoming a serious concern of human health. Many studies have explored the biological effects of MPs on animal and plant life in recent years. However, information regarding the effects of MPs on aging and lifespan is completely lacking in vertebrate species to date. Here we first confirm the bioavailability of MPs by oral delivery in the annual fish N. guentheri. We then show for the first time that administration of MPs not only shortens the lifespan but also accelerates the development of age-related biomarkers in N. guentheri. We also demonstrate that administration of MPs induces oxidative stress, suppresses antioxidant enzymes, reduces digestive enzymes, and causes hepatic dysfunction. Therefore, we propose that administration of MPs reduces lifespan of N. guentheri via induction of both suppressed antioxidant system and digestive disturbance as well as hepatic damage. Our results also suggest that smaller MPs appear more toxic to digestion, metabolism and growth of animals.

Lingcan Tan,1 Hong Yu,1 Junyu Yan,2 Chunyuan Liu,3 Kun Xiao,4 Jin Yin,5 Yunxia Zuo,1 Tao Zhu,1 Xiaoqian Deng1 1Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Karamay Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Karamay, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Liangping District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, 405200, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People’s Republic of China; 5West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoqian Deng, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Email d_xiaoqian@163.comPurpose: The National Remote Emergency System for Malignant Hyperthermia (MH-NRES) is an applet in China, designed to help anesthesiologists manage MH crisis. However, there is limited information about encountered difficulties in dealing with MH among Chinese anesthesiologists. The purpose of the study was to explore the current competency and encountered difficulties in the management of MH, as a key first step for assessing the potential user needs to develop the MH-NRES.Methods: The hospitals of different levels in different provinces across China were invited to participate in an online survey from November to December 2021. Anesthesiologists completed the online questionnaire containing four sections including demographic information, knowledge, competency, and continuing education about MH.Results: A total of 1357 valid questionnaires were completed from anesthesiologists, most respondents (66.7%, n = 905) correctly answered the MH trigger drugs included volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. However, most respondents (77.0%, n = 1045) did not know that the recommended initial dose of domestic dantrolene. Up to 83.9% (n = 1138) stated that their hospitals did not store dantrolene for MH emergency. More than half of respondents thought that it would take more than one hour to obtain dantrolene in emergency. Less work experiences, lower levels of hospital and educations and professional titles were associated with lower competency scores in managing MH. Only 31.0% (n = 936) reported that their hospital had ever conducted MH continuing education curricula. Scenario simulation is the training method that most interests the participants (79.0%, n = 1072) but a whopping 46.9% (n = 637) never received simulation.Conclusion: The study indicated that difficulty in obtaining dantrolene, lack of competency in management of MH, difficulty in obtaining professional help, and poor teamwork were the main problems of most anesthesiologists in face of MH.Keywords: malignant hyperthermia, questionnaire, competency, dantrolene, education

The Zheduo Mountain tunnel crosses the Xianshuihe fault zone in Kangding city. The Xianshuihe fault zone is composed of many large-scale faults and features a complex geological structure and strong geothermal activity. Based on geothermal drilling data, hydrogeological tests and the geothermal geological back-ground of the study area obtained via hydrogeological surveys and hydrogeo-chemical methods in the process of tunnel surveying, this paper explores the exposure characteristics and distribution of geothermal water in the study area, analyses its hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics, and thoroughly studies the hydrogeological structure of the geothermal water to explore the genetic mechanism responsible for the formation of the geothermal water. The influence of the geothermal water and high ground temperatures on tunnel construction is further predicted, and practical and effective engineering treatment suggestions are proposed.

In cybersecurity, intrusion detection systems (IDSes) are of vital importance, allowing different companies and their departments to identify malicious attacks from magnanimous network traffic; however, the effectiveness and stability of these artificial intelligence-based systems are challenged when coping with adversarial attacks. This work explores a creative framework based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) with a series of training algorithms that aims to generate instances of adversarial attacks and utilize them to help establish a new IDS based on a neural network that can replace the old IDS without knowledge of any of its parameters. Furthermore, to verify the quality of the generated attacks, a transfer mechanism is proposed for calculating the Frechet inception distance (FID). Experiments show that based on the original CICIDS2017 dataset, the proposed framework can generate four types of adversarial attacks (DDoS, DoS, Bruteforce, and Infiltration), which precipitate four types of classifiers (Decision Tree, Random Forest, Adaboost, and Deep Neural Network), set as black-box old IDSes, with low detection rates; additionally, the IDSes that the proposed framework newly establish have an average detection rate of 98% in coping with both generated adversarial and original attacks.

To effectively prevent the outbreak of furunculosis and vibriosis in Atlantic salmon culture in northern China, the immunological properties and efficacies of bivalent inactivated vaccines composed of two local pathogenic strains, Aeromonas salmonicida C4 and Vibrio anguillarum M3, was analyzed in salmon. The effect of formalin-inactivated A. salmonicida C4, V. anguillarum M3, and their combined vaccines with different antigen ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 on relative percentage of survival (RPS), specific antibody production and expression of immune-related genes of fish were investigated. It was found that both C4 and M3 antigen had adjuvant effects on each other's vaccines. Furthermore, the proportion of antigens in the combined vaccines had significantly different effects on immune response and protection against A. salmonicida or V. anguillarum infection. Compared with other vaccinated groups, the C4:M3 = 1:2 vaccine group had the highest immunological activation ability and best immune protection against A. salmonicida and V. anguillarum. Our studies suggest that the development of new multivalent vaccines should carefully design the ratio of different antigens in according to their immunological properties to achieve efficient protection and avoid inhibitory effects of antigens on specific pathogen.

SUMMARY Precise point positioning (PPP) can measure ground motions with a centimetre-level accuracy using only one receiver. It has been widely used in earthquake monitoring and earthquake early warning (EEW) systems. However, traditional PPP highly depends on well-established and robust internet infrastructure for data communication. Along with the broadcast ephemeris, the orbit and clock corrections transmitted by the B2b signals of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) can be used to recover the precise products of GPS and BDS. Since the B2b products, namely the satellite state parameter messages, are accessible even without internet infrastructure, PPP with B2b signals is more suitable for real-time applications. This study witnesses the application of PPP with B2b products in seismic monitoring for the first time. The shake table experiments demonstrate that PPP with B2b can reach a millimetre-level accuracy in horizontal in earthquake monitoring for GPS-only, BDS-only and GPS/BDS combination. The application to the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake shows that the accuracies of seismic displacements derived from GPS-only PPP with B2b products are 1.7, 2.4 and 1.7 cm in east, north and vertical components, compared with those from GPS-only PPP with final precise products. We therefore conclude that PPP with B2b products has a promising prospect in seismogeodesy and related applications such as EEW and rapid hazard response.

Krill oil (KO) extracted from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) mainly comprises phospholipids and triglycerides. KO has been shown to prolong the median lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, but to shorten the lifespan of long-lived F1 mice; therefore, it remains controversial over the life-extending property of KO. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that dietary intake of KO extended both the mean and maximum lifespans of aged male Nothobranchius guentheri (p 0.05), reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin (LF) (p 0.05) in the gills and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) (p 0.05) in the caudal fins, and lowered the levels of protein oxidation (p 0.05), lipid peroxidation (p 0.01), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p 0.01) in the muscles and livers, indicating that KO possesses rejuvenation and anti-aging activity. We also showed that KO enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) (p 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p 0.05), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (p 0.05) in aged male N. guentheri. In addition, KO administration effectively reversed histological lesions including inflammatory cell infiltration and structural collapse in the muscles and livers of aged N. guentheri and suppressed the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway (p 0.05), a master regulator of inflammation. Altogether, our study indicates that KO has anti-aging and rejuvenation property. It also suggests that KO exerts its anti-aging and rejuvenation effects via enhancement of the antioxidant system and suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Expression of transmembrane protein 106A (TMEM106A) has been reported to be dysregulated in several types of cancers. However, the role of TMEM106A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that TMEM106A is markedly downregulated in HCC compared with normal liver tissue. In particular, tumor-specific DNA methylation of TMEM106A is frequently observed in tumor tissues from HCC patients. Immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing reveal a significant relationship between TMEM106A methylation and downregulation of protein expression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis reveals that methylation of TMEM106A in tumor samples is different from that in non-malignant adjacent tissues of HCC patients. Moreover, HCC patients with TMEM106A hypermethylation have a poor clinical prognosis. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidin treatment of hypermethylated TMEM106A in highly metastatic HCC cells increases the expression of TMEM106A. Functional assays reveal that overexpression of TMEM106A significantly suppresses the malignant behavior of HCC cells

Introduction: The mortality rate of hospitalized patients with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (SHAP) remains high. Empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage and the misuse of high-grade antibiotics could lead to the emergence of multi-drug and even pandrug-resistant bacteria. In addition to metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), microbiological rapid on-site evaluation(M-ROSE) might be a useful technique to identify the pathogens in the early stage, however the effect of M-ROSE guiding anti-infection treatment on prognostic outcomes of SHAP patients is still unclear. Methods/design: This is a multicenter, single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of M-ROSE guiding anti-infection treatment in SHAP patients, which will provide new strategies for the prevention and control of clinical multi-drug resistance bacteria. A total of 166 patients with SHAP, aged 18 years and over, will be recruited from seven centers in Beijing and randomly assigned to the intervention group (M-ROSE combined with mNGS) or the control group (mNGS only) in a 1:1 ratio using the central randomization system. Patients in the intervention group will accept M-ROSE and mNGS analysis, and the control group will accept mNGS analysis. Individualized anti-infective treatment and routine treatment will be selected according to the analysis results. The primary outcome is the 28-day mortality. The safety of the intervention measures will be evaluated during the entire trial period. This trial will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of M-ROSE guiding treatment on mortality in patients with SHAP, and may change the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Ethics and dissemination: This trial adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki and guidelines of Good Clinical Practice. Signed informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The trial has been approved by the Chinese PLA General Hospital (Approval Number: 20220322001). Trail registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05300776. Registered on 25 March 2022.

Background Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. MODS is the result of a dysregulated inflammatory response that can be triggered by various causes. Owing to the lack of an effective treatment for patients with MODS, early identification and intervention are the most effective strategies. Therefore, we have developed a variety of early warning models whose prediction results can be interpreted by Kernel SHapley Additive exPlanations (Kernel-SHAP) and reversed by diverse counterfactual explanations (DiCE). So we can predict the probability of MODS 12 h in advance, quantify the risk factors, and automatically recommend relevant interventions. Methods We used various machine learning algorithms to complete the early risk assessment of MODS, and used a stacked ensemble to improve the prediction performance. The kernel-SHAP algorithm was used to quantify the positive and minus factors corresponding to the individual prediction results, and finally, the DiCE method was used to automatically recommend interventions. We completed the model training and testing based on the MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV databases, in which the sample features in the model training included the patients’ vital signs, laboratory test results, test reports, and data related to the use of ventilators. Results The customizable model called SuperLearner, which integrated multiple machine learning algorithms, had the highest authenticity of screening, and its Yordon index (YI), sensitivity, accuracy, and utility_score on the MIMIC-IV test set were 0.813, 0.884, 0.893, and 0.763, respectively, which were all maximum values of eleven models. The area under the curve of the deep–wide neural network (DWNN) model on the MIMIC-IV test set was 0.960, and the specificity was 0.935, which were both the maximum values of all these models. The Kernel-SHAP algorithm combined with SuperLearner was used to determine the minimum value of glasgow coma scale (GCS) in the current hour (OR = 0.609, 95% CI 0.606–0.612), maximum value of MODS score corresponding to GCS in the past 24 h (OR = 2.632, 95% CI 2.588–2.676), and maximum score of MODS corresponding to creatinine in the past 24 h (OR = 3.281, 95% CI 3.267–3.295) were generally the most influential factors. Conclusion The MODS early warning model based on machine learning algorithms has considerable application value, and the prediction efficiency of SuperLearner is superior to those of SubSuperLearner, DWNN, and other eight common machine learning models. Considering that the attribution analysis of Kernel-SHAP is a static analysis of the prediction results, we introduce the DiCE algorithm to automatically recommend counterfactuals to reverse the prediction results, which will be an important step towards the practical application of automatic MODS early intervention.

Emergency evacuation simulation is significant for architectural design and emergency plan implementation. To explore the influence of evacuees’ physical behavior and evacuees’ decisions on the evacuation process, as well as to address the problems of traditional emergency evacuation models with insufficient detail of the situation (realism), low reusability, poor operability, and lack of subsequent scalability, this paper first analyzed pedestrian characteristics in emergencies. To describe pedestrian decision-making in an emergent evacuation situation, a multi-agent design based on decision theory was proposed, solving the multi-agent decision-making problem in an emergency evacuation environment by the A* algorithm. Then the designed multi-agent was embedded into the social force model by AnyLogic software. Finally, the model reproduces the pedestrian evacuation process in an emergency evacuation situation on the built platform, depicting three kinds of typical behaviors: pedestrian partnering, obstacle avoidance, and exit competition. In addition, this study also analyzed a large student apartment building by example and proposed corresponding optimization solutions to improve its evacuation capacity through simulation results.

Supplementary Figure Legend from Loss of Host Type-I IFN Signaling Accelerates Metastasis and Impairs NK-cell Antitumor Function in Multiple Models of Breast Cancer

IL-2 stimulated NK cells derived from Ifnar1-/- or WT mice have comparable cytotoxicity against syngeneic breast tumor lines.

Immune suppressor cell and T lymphocyte accumulation in the peripheral blood of WT and Ifnar1-/- mice.

Metastatic progression is the major cause of breast cancer–related mortality. By examining multiple syngeneic preclinical breast cancer models in mice lacking a functional type-I interferon receptor (Ifnar1−/− mice), we show that host-derived type-I interferon (IFN) signaling is a critical determinant of metastatic spread that is independent of primary tumor growth. In particular, we show that bone metastasis can be accelerated in Balb/c Ifnar1−/− mice bearing either 4T1 or 66cl4 orthotopic tumors and, for the first time, present data showing the development of bone metastasis in the C57Bl/6 spontaneous MMTV-PyMT–driven model of tumorigenesis. Further exploration of these results revealed that endogenous type-I IFN signaling to the host hematopoietic system is a key determinant of metastasis-free survival and critical to the responsiveness of the circulating natural killer (NK)–cell population. We find that in vivo–stimulated NK cells derived from wild-type, but not Ifnar1−/−, mice can eliminate the 4T1 and 66cl4 breast tumor lines with varying kinetics in vitro. Together, this study indicates that the dysregulated immunity resulting from a loss of host type-I IFN signaling is sufficient to drive metastasis, and provides a rationale for targeting the endogenous type-I IFN pathway as an antimetastatic strategy. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(11); 1207–17. ©2015 AACR.

Anti-proliferative effects and production of type-I IFN by balb/c syngeneic breast tumor cell lines.

Loss of hematopoietic Ifnar1 reduces metastasis-free survival in the 4T1.2 model.

Peroxidase-like catalysts are safe and low-cost candidates to tackle the dilemma in constructing sustainable cathodic heterogeneous electro-Fenton (CHEF) catalysts for water purification, but the elusive structure–property relationship of enzyme-like catalysts constitutes a pressing challenge for the advancement of CHEF processes in practically relevant water and wastewater treatment. Herein, we probe the origins of catalytic efficiency in the CHEF process by artificially tailoring the peroxidase-like activity of Fe 3 O 4 through a series of acetylated chitosan-based hydrogels, which serve as ecofriendly alternatives to traditional carbon shells. The optimized acetylated chitosan wrapping Fe 3 O 4 hydrogel on the cathode shows an impressive activity and stability in CHEF process, overcoming the complicated and environmentally unfavored procedures in the electro-Fenton-related processes. Structural characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the amide group in chitosan can modulate the intrinsic redox capacity of surficial Fe sites on Fe 3 O 4 toward CHEF catalysis via the neutral hydrogen bond. This work provides a sustainable path and molecule-level insight for the rational design of high-efficiency CHEF catalysts and beyond.

Investigations on the effects of newly constructed glucose-PEG2000-DSPE modified carbamazepine nano system on oxidative stress damage and cell apoptosis in epilepsy. The nano system was constructed by egg yolk lecithin, cholesterol, GLUPEG2000-DSPE, and carbamazepine as per the molar ratio of 95:20:5:6.35. The particle size, zeta potential, and release rate of carbamazepine was determined using a microscope and a microplate reader. The cells toxicity was detected for determine the optimal concentration of carbamazepine nano system. Cell uptake, cell apoptosis ratio and ROS level was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The in vivo studies were performed using male Wistar rats. HE staining was employed for histological evaluation. Immunofluorescence was utilized for measure the expression level of GLUT1. ELISA assay was obtained for detecting the levels of SOD, GSH-Px and MDA. The results shown the average particle size was 108.57 ± 3.42 nm, and the mean zeta potential was -52.75 ± 1.48 mV. The modified carbamazepine liposomes exhibited higher release rate. Cell uptake indicated that carbamazepine nano system could be successfully internalized into cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the carbamazepine nano system dramatically decreased cell apoptosis rate and downregulated ROS level. Moreover, carbamazepine nano system improved histological status, increased GLUT1 expression and decreased oxidative stress in vivo. In conclusion, glucose-PEG2000-DSPE modified carbamazepine nano system ameliorated cell apoptosis and oxidative stress damage in epilepsy.

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet light induces photoaging and may eventually increase the risk of skin carcinogenesis. Rare minor ginsenosides isolating from traditional medicine Panax (ginseng) have shown biomedical efficacy as antioxidation and antiphotodamage agents. However, due to the difficulty of component extraction and wide variety of ginsenoside, the identification of active antiphotoaging ginsenoside remains a huge challenge. In this study, we proposed a novel in silico approach to identify potential compound against photoaging from 82 ginsenosides. Specifically, we calculated the shortest distance between unknown and known antiphotoaging ginsenoside set in the chemical space and applied chemical structure similarity assessment, drug-likeness screening, and ADMET evaluation for the candidates. We highlighted three rare minor ginsenosides (C-Mc, Mx, and F2) that possess high potential as antiphotoaging agents. Among them, C-Mc deriving from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) was validated by wet-lab experimental assays and showed significant antioxidant and cytoprotective activity against UVB-induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, system pharmacology analysis was conducted to explore the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms through integrating global drug-target network, high quality photoaging-related gene profile from multiomics data, and skin tissue-specific expression protein network. In combination with in vitro assays, we found that C-Mc suppressed MMP production through regulating the MAPK/AP-1/NF-κB pathway and expedited collagen synthesis via the TGF-β/Smad pathway, as well as enhanced the expression of Nrf2/ARE to hold a balance of endogenous oxidation. Overall, this study offers an effective drug discovery framework combining in silico prediction and in vitro validation, uncovering that ginsenoside C-Mc has potential antiphotoaging properties and might be a novel natural agent for use in oral drug, skincare products, or functional food.

Background In sepsis, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) has been shown to be low-expressed. The current study examined the relationship between serum VDBP level and liver injury in sepsis patients, as well as in a mouse model for sepsis and in cultured liver epithelial cell line exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods The human study included 78 sepsis patients and 50 healthy volunteers. Sepsis patients were categorized into sepsis survivor group (n = 43) and sepsis non-survivor group (n = 35) based on 28-day mortality for data analysis. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Serum samples were collected on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 to determine the levels of VDBP, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Potential protective effects of VDBP overexpression against LPS-induced liver damage were examined in cultured THLE2 cells. Results Serum levels of VDBP, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly lower in sepsis patients vs. the healthy control (P P P = 0.0338, or P = 0.0013, respectively). Lower serum VDBP level was associated with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (r = − 0.2565, P = 0.0234) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (r = − 0.3522, P = 0.0016), but lower serum albumin (ALB, r = 0.4628, P r = 0.263, P = 0.02). In CLP mice, there was a 5-day period of serum VDBP reduction, followed by return towards the baseline on day 7. VDBP was also decreased in LPS-treated THLE2 cells (P Conclusion VDBP may be protective against sepsis-induced liver injury.

Lingcan Tan,1,* Yi Teng,1,* Hong Yu,1 Chunyuan Liu,2 Kun Xiao,3 Jin Yin,4 Yunxia Zuo,1 Tao Zhu,1 Xiaoqian Deng1 1Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Liangping District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, 405200, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People’s Republic of China; 4West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaoqian Deng, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 885423592, Email d_xiaoqian@163.comPurpose: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but fatal pharmacogenetic disorder, triggered by inhalational anesthetics or succinylcholine. Since the first nonprofit academic organization China Malignant Hyperthermia Emergency Assistance WeChat-based Group (CMHEA Group) was established in 2015, they have actively participated in the diagnosis and treatment of MH patients. Based on the CMHEA Group, the aim of the study was to retrospectively analyze the characteristics of suspected MH in China from 2015 to 2020.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the suspected MH patients from 2015 to 2020, for analyzing the current clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of MH in China.Results: A total of 58 suspected MH cases occurred from 2015 to 2020, of these, 36 cases were collected with detailed data. The MH clinical grading score of 36 patients ranged from 33 to 73, with a median of 55. Abnormal hyperthermia and hypercarbia were the most common early signs of MH. Four patients were confirmed carrying six different potential MH-causative mutations. Of the total 58 cases, 14 patients (24.1%) received dantrolene and the whole mortality rate was 53.4%. Compared to the patients not receiving dantrolene treatment, the survival rate of patients receiving dantrolene treatment was significantly higher than that of patients not receiving dantrolene (78.6% vs 36.4%, p = 0.007).Conclusion: The current main diagnostic methods of suspected MH in China are still clinical diagnosis. Hence, it is critical to keep dantrolene for immediate accessibility with the introduction of domestic dantrolene to China. The WeChat group model has played an important but limited role in quick diagnosis and treatment of MH.Keywords: malignant hyperthermia, dantrolene, mortality, China

Detailed anticipation of potential highway congestion is becoming more necessary, as increasing regional road traffic puts pressure on both highways and towns its passes through; tidal traffic during vacations and unsatisfactory town planning make the situation even worse. Remote sensing and on-site sensors can dynamically detect upcoming congestion, but they lack global and long-term perspectives. This paper proposes a demand-network approach that is based on online route recommendations to exploit its accuracy, coverage and timeliness. Specifically, a presumed optimal route is acquired for each prefecture pair by accessing an online navigation platform with its Application Programming Interface; time attributes are given to down-sampled route points to allocate traffic volume on that route to different hours; then different routes are weighted with the origin–destination traveler amount data from location-based services providers, resulting in fine-level prediction of the spatial–temporal distribution of traffic volume on highway network. Experiments with data in January 2020 show good consistency with empirical predictions of highway administrations, and they further reveal the importance of dealing with congestion hotspots outside big cities, for which we conclude that dynamic bypassing is a potential solution to be explored in further studies.

During the heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae, a cooled process against temperature rise caused by the metabolism of exogenous organic carbon sources greatly increases cultivation cost. Furthermore, microalgae harvesting is also a cost-consuming process. Cell harvesting efficiency is closely related to the characteristics of the algal cells. It may be possible to change cell characteristics through controlling culture conditions to make harvesting easier. In this study, the mesophilic Chlorella pyrenoidosa was found to be a thermal-tolerant species in the heterotrophic mode. The cells could maintain their maximal specific growth rate at 40°C and reached 1.45 day−1, which is equivalent to that of cultures at 35°C but significantly higher than those cultured at lower temperatures. Interestingly, the cells cultured at 40°C were much easier to be harvested than those at lower temperatures. The harvesting efficiency of the cells cultured at 40°C reached 96.83% after sedimentation for 240 min, while the cells cultured at lower temperatures were reluctant to settle. Likely, the same circumstance occurred when cells were harvested by centrifugation or flocculation. The promotion of cell harvesting for cells cultured at high temperatures was mainly attributed to increased cell size and decreased cell surface charge. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that cells cultured at high temperatures can promote microalgae harvesting. This study explores a new approach to simplify the cultivation and harvesting of microalgae, which effectively reduces the microalgae production cost.

The distribution of natural fractures in coal seams and their effect on the anisotropy of the stress sensitivity of permeability are key issues that are commonly encountered in the simultaneous extraction of coal and gas. To fully understand the law of anisotropy of the effective porosity and stress sensitivity of coal permeability, a modified permeability model and the corresponding anisotropic evaluation index of the stress sensitivity were established considering the influence of the natural fracture distribution of coal. Based on anisotropic coal samples obtained from the Tashan coal mine, the effective porosity and permeability in three orthogonal directions under different stress conditions were systematically evaluated, and the anisotropic evolution law of the stress sensitivity of the permeability was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the natural fracture system of coal exhibits complex heterogeneity, and the compressibility of the fractures in different directions is different, resulting in significant anisotropic permeability and stress sensitivity. The effective porosity sensitivity of the coal permeability exhibits a power relation with the effective porosity, and a higher effective porosity corresponds to a more notable anisotropy of the effective porosity sensitivity. Under a low stress, the coal stress sensitivity in the direction perpendicular to the bedding planes is the largest. When the stress increases to 19 MPa, the dominant direction of the stress sensitivity changes, and the direction parallel to the face cleats experiences the maximum stress sensitivity of permeability at a high stress level. The power index of the correlation between the coal permeability and effective porosity in different directions of the coal samples in the Tashan coal mine ranges from 2.42 to 9.18, and a constant value of 3 is not observed. This result can be attributed to the influence of the pore size, fracture width and difference in the pore–fracture distribution.

Internet technology, as a product of the development of the network era, connects a large number of hardware devices, but the connection of many devices makes its corresponding security be greatly tested. The network security technology and the corresponding computer hardware security technology have become the focus of people's attention. At the same time, the construction of multimedia database based on this related technology has become the development trend of people's research and attention. Most of the conventional computer security technology focuses on the security construction of the operating system, which has certain openness, so its corresponding reliability is very low, but also uncontrollable. Based on this, this paper proposes a design scheme of the public security architecture on the embedded terminal, and realizes the design of the multimedia security broadcast control system based on this scheme, and realizes the play and storage of multimedia files, as well as the interaction between the corresponding media servers. The wireless network embedded security terminal designed in this paper includes client terminal identity authentication, corresponding media content protection and storage, and real-time broadcast content monitoring. Finally, the experiment is carried out based on the proposed design scheme. The experimental results show that the embedded security terminal proposed in this paper has obvious performance advantages, and its correctness and availability have been verified in practice.

We reported an NBS-LRR gene, PsoRPM3, is highly expressed following RKN infection, initiating an HR response that promotes plant resistance. Meloidogyne spp. are root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that cause substantial economic losses worldwide. Screening for resistant tree resources and identifying plant resistance genes is currently the most effective way to prevent RKN infestations. Here, we cloned a novel TIR-NB-LRR-type resistance gene, PsoRPM3, from Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum (Prunus sogdiana Vassilcz.) and demonstrated that its protein product localized to the nucleus. In response to Meloidogyne incognita infection, PsoRPM3 gene expression levels were significantly higher in resistant myrobalan plum plants compared to susceptible plants. We investigated this difference, discovering that the − 309 to − 19 bp region of the susceptible PsoRPM3 promoter was highly methylated. Indeed, heterologous expression of PsoRPM3 significantly enhanced the resistance of susceptible tobacco plants to M. incognita. Moreover, transient expression of PsoRPM3 induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of PsoRPM3 in transgenic tobacco reduced this hypersensitive response. Several hypersensitive response marker genes were considerably up-regulated in resistant myrobalan plum plants when compared with susceptible counterparts inoculated with M. incognita. PsoPR1a (a SA marker gene), PsoPR2 (a JA marker gene), and PsoACS6 (an ET signaling marker gene) were all more highly expressed in resistant than in susceptible plants. Together, these results support a model in which PsoRPM3 is highly expressed following RKN infection, initiating an HR response that promotes plant resistance through activated salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene signaling pathways.

With the development of high-density and high-rise buildings on both sides of the street, widespread attention has been paid to the applicability of the traditional greening model of 'the more trees, the better atmospheric environment' in dealing with air pollution in urban street canyons. Clarifying the characteristics of street canyons greening and its planting design pattern on the reduction of emission pollutants by vehicles is an important prerequisite for the improvement of air quality in the street canyons. Based on literature review, we compared the applicability and limitations of the three methods, including field observation, wind tunnel test, and numerical simulation. We further analyzed the effects of roadside trees and hedges on the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants, and put forward a framework of adaptive greening design for air quality improvement. Finally, we proposed that future studies should address the creation of graphic languages for roadside greening design, the development of technical guidelines for evaluating the exposure of air pollution, and the optimization of parameterization schemes for the physical processes of greening effect in computational fluid dynamics models. Overall, our review could provide ideas and reference for the subsequent research.随着街道两侧建筑群向高密度、高层化发展,传统“树越多越好”的绿化模式在应对城市街谷空气污染时是否适用受到广泛关注。明晰街谷绿化植物特征及其种植设计模式对机动车排放污染物消减的调控机理是发挥其提升街谷空气品质的重要前提。本文通过对近年国内外相关文献的梳理,比较分析了现场观测、风洞试验和数值模拟3种研究方法的适用性及局限性,详细剖析了行道树、绿篱两类绿化模式对街谷空气污染物扩散与沉降的影响机制,提出了一套面向空气质量提升的街谷绿化适应性设计工作框架。最后,分别从典型街谷绿化设计图示语言研制、街谷空气污染暴露评估技术指南编制、计算机流体力学模型中街谷绿化效应物理过程参数化方案优化等方面进行探讨,以期为后续研究提供思路和借鉴。.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has attracted much attention as a treatment for a wide range of cancers, including GC. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy. New models are urgently needed to accurately predict the prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with GC. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of cancers. Recent studies have identified a variety of prognosis-related lncRNA signatures in multiple cancers. However, these studies have some limitations. In the present study, we developed an integrative analysis to screen risk prediction models using various feature selection methods, such as univariate and multivariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), stepwise selection techniques, subset selection, and a combination of the aforementioned methods. We constructed a 9-lncRNA signature for predicting the prognosis of GC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort using a machine learning algorithm. After obtaining a risk model from the training cohort, we further validated the model for predicting the prognosis in the test cohort, the entire dataset and two external GEO datasets. Then we explored the roles of the risk model in predicting immune cell infiltration, immunotherapeutic responses and genomic mutations. The results revealed that this risk model held promise for predicting the prognostic outcomes and immunotherapeutic responses of GC patients. Our findings provide ideas for integrating multiple screening methods for risk modeling through machine learning algorithms.

During the heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae, a cooled process against temperature rise caused by the metabolism of exogenous organic carbon sources greatly increases cultivation cost. Furthermore, microalgae harvesting is also a cost-consuming process. Cell harvesting efficiency is closely related to the characteristics of the algal cells. It may be possible to change cell characteristics through controlling culture conditions to make harvesting easier. In this study, the mesophilic

From the two perspectives of intestinal flora and plasma metabolomics, the mechanism of occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis was explored to provide a new target for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. In this study, 16S ribosome DNA (16SrDNA) gene sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences in intestinal flora of each research group through operational taxonomic units (OUT) analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and other analytical methods were used to analyze the differences in plasma metabolites between the study groups. Metabonomics analysis showed that the plasma metabolites of pneumoconiosis patients were significantly different from those of normal people. Fold change > 2; vip > 1; p < 0.05 were the screening criteria. In the positive and negative mode, we screened ten types of differential metabolites. These ten metabolites were upregulated to varying degrees in the pneumoconiosis patients. Seven metabolic pathways were obtained by analyzing the metabolic pathways of different metabolites. Among them, the aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis pathway changed most obviously. The α diversity of two groups of intestinal flora was analyzed using the 16SrDNA technique. The results showed that there was no significant difference in ACE, Chao1, Shannon, or Simpson in the two groups (p > 0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that there were differences in microbial communities. In pneumoconiosis patients, the abundance of Prevotellaceae increased, and the other nine species decreased. Compared to the control group, the abundance of Prevotellaceae in the intestinal flora of pneumoconiosis increased, and the abundance of the other nine species decreased. Compared to controls, ten substances in the plasma metabolites of pneumoconiosis patients were upregulated. Seven metabolic pathways were obtained by analyzing the metabolic pathways of different metabolites. Among them, the aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis pathway changed most significantly. This provided a theoretical basis for further study on the pathogenesis, early prevention, and treatment of pneumoconiosis.

Background Existing data suggest that cerebral autoregulation (CA) varies among different subtypes of ischaemic stroke. CA is globally impaired in patients with small artery occlusion (SAO). However, the factors influencing CA impairment in patients remains to be elucidated. Methods Stroke patients with SAO who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were prospectively studied. Within 7 days after stroke onset, CA was recorded from the middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure was simultaneously measured. Transfer function analysis was used to derive CA parameters, including gain and phase. Clinical characteristics, mean arterial pressure (MAP), biochemical findings, and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers on MRI were assessed in each patient. Factors associated with CA parameters were investigated. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between clinical factors and CA parameters. Results Sixty-three SAO patients (age, 56.3 ± 9.9 years; 55 men) were enrolled in the study. In the multiple linear regression analysis, after controlling for relevant clinical factors, MAP on admission (ipsilateral OR = 0.99 and contralateral OR = 0.99, both P 105 mmHg on admission (OR = 0.77, P = 0.019) was significantly associated with ipsilateral gain. Diabetes mellitus was a significant predictive factor for bilateral gain (ipsilateral OR = 1.32 and contralateral OR = 1.22, both P Conclusion In SAO-related ischaemic stroke, patients with MAP > 105 mmHg on admission tended to have better ipsilateral CA. Diabetes mellitus appears to be an independent risk factor for CA impairment in patients with SAO-related stroke. CSVD may not be the main factor affecting bilateral CA in patients with SAO.