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Technology transfer for economic bulk production is the greatest challenge of the era. Production of high strength lightweight materials with nanocarbon reinforcement has attained its importance among the researchers. Property enhancement with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforcement is reported by all researchers. But effective utilization of its property remains a challenge even though it is the strongest material in the world. Achieving homogeneous dispersion especially in molten metal is a complex task. To address the same, a new approach was tried which could trigger de-bundling and make a uniform dispersion. Various metallurgical and mechanical characterizations were done. Grain refinement and the structure were studied with an optical microscope, MWCNT dispersion and structural damage was studied using field emission scanning microscope, Phase change and reactions during casting was done with XRD scan. The method remarkably facilitated 23.7% and 69.75% improvement in hardness and ultimate compressive strength respectively with the addition of MWCNT.

This paper focuses on the development of copper filled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) composites by fused deposition modelling (FDM) and to characterize its friction and wear behaviour. Twin screw extrusion technique was employed to extract copper-ABS composite filament. Three different materials were tested, i.e. pure ABS, ABS+2.5wt% Cu and ABS+5wt% Cu. Friction and wear characteristics of pure ABS and copper filled ABS composites were tested under various loads and sliding velocities. Addition of Copper powder has significantly improved the friction and wear properties of the developed composites. Further, it is also observed that friction and wear behaviour increased with increase in copper content in ABS. Worn out surfaces were subjected to scanning electron microscopy studies to analyse and identify the possible wear mechanisms involved.

Introduction:The most challenging hurdle faced by national health systems worldwide in the last century is the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic. Initial cases of atypical pneumonia of unknown origin started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China which started the outbreakof COVID 19 in December 2019. This infection later on spread to rest of the world. Case series:Here we present a series of 3 patients who came to our casualty with polytrauma after a suspected suicidal fall from height. The patients were managed by adequate surgical interventions. Postoperative physiotherapy started with gradual mobilization. We did a psychiatric reference and proper counseling of all 3 patientspatients both pre and postoperatively. Conclusion:We conclude that this COVID-19 pandemic has taken a great toll both physically and mentally on people in the form of increased mortality and morbidity as shown daily in media, increased unemployment and strict self isolation has further put a strain on peoples mind leading to psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviour. This has increased cases of polytrauma due to suspected suicidal falls. We have adequately treated such patients who came to our institute operatively and with psychiatric support.

Introduction:Obstructive sleep Apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by complete obstruction or reduction in the upper airway during sleep with repeated episodes, often associated with symptoms and co-morbidities which includes snoring, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduced quality of life, increased risk of industrial and road traffic accidents. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intraoral appliance in patients with mild to moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 7 males and 3 females with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Polysomnograpy was done for each patient before (T0) and after the appliance (T1) therapy. Results:The results of the study showed a statistically significant improvement in the upper and Lower, Apnea-Hypopnea index, The mean oxygen desaturation index. The ESS values showed statistically significant reduction in the score and also Statistically significant reduction in the mean heart rate. Conclusion:The results of this study support the use of this Oral Appliance and which shows that most of the parameter evaluated showed significant improvement. Therefore, this custom-made Oral Appliance can be effectively used in the treatment of mild to moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

VEGFR1 (Flt-1), is a high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor of VEGF found primarily on vascular endothelial cells. Recently, Flt-1 has shown to be expressed in human monocytes. However, the key intracellular signaling pathway mediated by Flt-1 receptor has been yet to be identified in monocytes. In this regard, using a robust systems biology approach, the key druggable target(s) involved in inflammatory angiogenesis mediated through VEGFR1 signaling was identified. Furthermore, experimental validation of key drug targets is conducted using PMA- and VEGF- stimulated human monocyte THP-1 cell lines. The key network pathways and corresponding disease modules were analyzed to identify the important biological processes perturbed in diseases. Using topological analysis, ICAM1 was identified as putative regulator of monocytes migration into tumor-micro environment. And these targets were examined by treating with curcumin and capsaicin molecules. Our results showed that these two molecules inhibited the over expression of targets such as ICAM1, Flt-1, and NF-κB in the VEGFR1 signalling pathway by reducing THP-1 chemotaxis. Besides, Curcumin and Capsaicin down-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL8/IL-8 and up regulated the expression of IL-10, a sign of lowered M1/M2 ratio relating to abrogation of inflammation.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in preterm labour and to investigate its association as one of the causative factors of preterm labour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty women who presented with preterm labour (study group) and fifty women in labour at term (control group) admitted to a teaching hospital from November 2009 to May 2011 were examined for bacterial vaginosis using Nugent score. All the statistical methods were carried out through SPSS for windows (version 16.0), STUDY DESIGN: A comparative study. RESULTS: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among preterm labour group was 22% and its prevalence among full term group was 4%. There was statistically significant association of BV with preterm labor when compared to term labor (p=.007). Bacterial Vaginosis was strongly associated with very preterm delivery (

The principal indication of performing a frozen section is to obtain a definite immediate diagnosis, on the basis of which a surgical decision will be made. Immediate diagnosis allows the surgeon to proceed with further therapy without any delay. A definite immediate diagnosis is said to be dependent on the reliability of frozen sections. Many authors have carried out frozen section study on soft tissue tumors and lymph node evaluation in different parts of the body with varying percentages of reliability. However, it appears that lymph node evaluations specifically in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases were not performed, or limited. Hence the present study was undertaken to determine the reliability of frozen section diagnosis in the lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinomas. This study was performed so that the surgeons would have an intraoperative assessment of the extent of local metastasis and to determine the adequacy of resection before the wound is closed. The objectives of the present study are to assess microscopically the frozen section of the palpable and non palpable lymph nodes of neck for metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. To compare the micros- copic features of paraffin embedded lymph node sections with those of frozen sections. To assess the reliability of frozen section evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The present research work gives 100% accuracy of frozen sections with due care by additional staining to frozen sections by phloxine methylene blue stain, however cannot be in any way superior to the magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, immunoscintigraphy and lymphangioscintigraphy.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to resolve the genetic etiology in families having inherited cataracts. METHODS: Families afflicted with congenital/childhood cataracts were registered in Chennai and Orissa (India). Blood samples were collected from the probands and available family members. Selected functional candidate genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and characterized by direct sequencing. Putative mutations were confirmed in healthy controls. RESULTS: We observed interesting new polymorphisms of ethnic specificity, some of frequent nature, such as a 3-bp deletion in intron 3 of CRYBB2 (encoding βB2-crystallin) and IVS1+9 c>t variation in HSF4 (encoding heat-shock factor 4). Some rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) co-segregate with the respective phenotype such as IVS3+120c>a of CRYBB2, while M44V of CRYGD (encoding γD-crystallin), although found in association with blue dot opacity was seen in a few healthy controls too. We identified two new mutations co-segregating along with the respective cataract phenotype within the families that were not seen in healthy controls from India or Germany. These include two missense mutations; one in GJA3 (encoding gap junction protein α3, which is also referred to as connexin 46); the mutation affects codon 19 (T19M), and the corresponding phenotype is a posterior-polar cataract. The other missense mutation affects CRYBB2 (W59C; total cataract). Additionally, a cDNA variation (G54A) identified in a zonular cataract affects a highly conserved splice site of CRYBB2. This mutation, however, showed reduced penetrance in the family, which might be explained by different molecular consequences in the affected family members: nonsense-mediated decay of the mutated mRNA might have no clinical phenotype in heterozygotes, whereas the translation of the mutated mRNA is predicted to lead to a small hybrid protein (consisting of 16 amino acids of the βB2-crystallin and 18 new amino-acids), which might have a dominant-negative function in the lens. CONCLUSIONS: This report identifies in families with childhood cataract some new alleles, which may be considered as causative for cataracts. Furthermore, we report some geographically restricted rare polymorphic sites, whose significance might be considered in some context as modifiers or alleles in sensitizing ocular lens toward cataractogenesis.

Cobalt-Manganese and Nickel-Manganese oxide (CoMnO and NiMnO) nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method by decomposition of their respective metal sulfides and sodium carbonate using ethylene diamene tetra acetic acid as the capping agent. The samples were heated at 400, 600 and 800 °C. The average particle sizes were determined from the X-ray line broadening. The diffractograms were compared with JCPDS data to identify the crystallographic phase and cubic structure of the particles. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR and UV analyses. The internal elastic micro strains were calculated and it was seen that as the particle size increases strain decreases. The FTIR studies have been used to confirm the metal oxide formation. The chemical compositions of the samples were verified using EDX spectra. The surface morphologies of the samples were studied from the SEM images. The absorption spectra of the materials in the UV-Vis-NIR range were recorded. From the analysis of the absorption spectra, the direct band gaps of the materials were calculated. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9654