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Cilj: Limfomi su skupina hematopoetskih tumora koji nastaju iz limfocita. Nosna šupljina i paranazalni sinusi rijetko su zahvaćeni primarnim limfomom. Cilj ovog članka je prikazati slučaj pacijentice s primarnim ekstranodalnim limfomom rijetke lokalizacije. Prikaz slučaja: 66-godišnja pacijentica javila se u Kliniku za otorinolaringologiju zbog frontalne glavobolje i nosne kongestije. Endoskopijom nazofarinksa uočena je suspektna tvorba na septumu nosa u lijevoj nosnoj šupljini. Po uzetoj biopsiji dobio se nalaz difuznog velikostaničnog B-limfoma CD20+, te je potvrđena dijagnoza B-staničnog limfoma nosnog septuma. Zaključak: Važna je diferencijalna dijagnoza limfoma od ostalih tumora glave i vrata radi ranog postavljanja dijagnoze i adekvatnog pravovremenog liječenja., Aim: Lymphomas are a group of blood cell tumors that originate from lymphocytes. The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are rarely affected by primary lymphomas. The purpose of this article is to show a case study of a patient with a primary extranodal lymphoma of rare origin. Case report: A 66 year-old patient presented at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic with frontal headaches and nasal congestion. Nasal endoscopy revealed a septal mass in the left nasal cavity. Punch biopsy reported a lymphoplasmocytic diffuse B-cell lymphoma with associated markers CD20+, thus the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma of the nasal septum was concluded. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of lymphomas from other head and neck tumors is important because of the early staging of the disease and adequate therapy.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is well known for its propensity to metastasize to unusual sites. Still, metastases usually occur in the lymph nodes, lungs and bones. The metastasis of RCC to head and neck region is infrequent and very rarely seen in larynx. Lesions to testis from non-lymphomatous cancer usually occurs in conjunction with diffuse metastatic disease. We report two cases of a 66-year old male patients with uncommon RCC metastasis.

Očekuje se da moderna terapija tumora djeluje ciljano i sveobuhvatno. U novim kliničkim ispitivanjima terapije raka primjenjuju se mali molekularni inhibitori transkripcije ribosomalnih gena i aktivatori apoptoze. Model terapije prikazan ovdje je aktivacija supresora tumora koji djeluju u domeni jezgrice. Stanice tumora pokazuju poremećaj regulacije proteina i mutaciju P53 gena koji suprimira rast. Razvoj bolesti definira terapiju. Moderna se definicija bolesti temelji na etiopatogenezi staničnog stresa u kojem sudjeluju brojne organele, uključujući jezgricu. Jezgra i jezgrica su mikroskopski oblici. Ovaj prikaz daje sažet opis onoga što se vidi kada se kaže „jezgrica”. Nadalje su opisani kiseli nehistonski proteini koji se okupljaju oko transkripcijskog ustroja RNK polimeraze I te je istaknut značaj njihove vizualizacije za promjenu definicije jezgrice. Osim što je tjelešce u nukleoplazmi i subnuklearna organela, jezgrica se može vizualizirati pomoću njezinih funkcionalnih struktura – AgNOR-a. AgNOR proteini imaju ulogu u nukleolarnom stresu. Svrha ovoga teksta je raspraviti nukleolarni stres., Modern tumour therapy should be target specific and comprehensive. Recent clinical trials test small molecular inhibitors of transcription of ribosomal genes and activators of apoptosis. We treatise on models of activation of the suppressors of tumour growth acting in the nucleolar domain. Tumour cells demonstrate a disordered protein regulation and mutation of P53 gene which codes for a suppressor of growth. Therapy is guided by pathogenesis. Modern disease definition is based on etiopathogenesis of cell stress, wherein participate numerous organelles, including the nucleolus. Nucleus and nucleolus are forms seen on light microscopy. This presentation focuses on the description of the visible correlate of the notion of “nucleolus”. Further to this, acid non-histone proteins which gather around the transcriptional machinery of RNA polymerase I are described, and the significance of their visualisation towards the alteration of the definition of nucleolus is pointed out. Besides being a particle within the nucleoplasm and a subnuclear organelle, the nucleolus is visualized through its functional structures – the AgNORs. The AgNOR proteins have a role in nucleolar stress. The aim of this article is to discuss the nucleolar stress.

Juvenile angiofibromas are benign fibro-vascular tumours of the nasopharynx that develop in prepubertal and adolescent males. Typical symptoms are longstanding unilateral nasal obstruction occasionally followed by epistaxes and frequent severe intraoperative haemorrhage of the discovered mass. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy histologically diagnosed with a juvenile angiofibroma in spite of the atypical localisation of the polyploid mass of the left maxillary sinus.

Juvenile angiofibromas are benign fibro-vascular tumours of the nasopharynx that develop in prepubertal and adolescent males. Typical symptoms are longstanding unilateral nasal obstruction occasionally followed by epistaxes and frequent severe intraoperative haemorrhage of the discovered mass.We report the case of a 14-year-old boy histologically diagnosed with a juvenile angiofibroma in spite of the atypical localisation of the polyploid mass of the left maxillary sinus.

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a histologically benign tumor composed of stroma and vessels. The vascular component of the lesion is prone to bleeding and responsible for its clinical ‘ ‘ malignancy’ ’ . Some nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are resistant to surgical therapy because of extensive growth and occasionally bone destruction. It has been shown that molecular factors supporting residual tissue after incomplete surgery might be targeted with pharmacotherapy as a cell based therapy. Because the cell of origin of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is not recognized yet, it would be of interest to discuss molecule(s) relevant to all the cell components of the growth. Such molecule(s) may also regulate bone homing of the tumor. We propose that in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma the molecule responding to the cues mentioned above is SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cystein). We discuss SPARCenabling formation of molecular complexes important for the angiogenic events and present nasopharyngeal angiofibroma as a hyperplastic angiogenic machinery or a ‘ ‘ soil’ ’ without ‘ ‘ seed’ ’ . Therapeutic targeting of SPARC in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma would be targeting of a molecule at the roots of cooperation between stromatogenesis and angiogenesis, coexpressed with Ki67 in the vascular compartment. Considering the intracellular accumulation of SPARC, the benefit of (anti) SPARC therapy in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is yet to be proved. c 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Raspravljena je uloga EGFR.

Rheumathoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by joint inflammation which results from the tumor-like proliferation of synovial cells as a pannus overlaying and destroying cartilage and bone. The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is critical in this proces. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the microvessel density, detected by immunohistochemical analysis using FVIII antigen and proliferative activity of synovial cells determined by nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in three different synovial disease (RA, bacterial arthitis/BA and osteoarthritis/OA). The microvessel count (the mean number of microvessels in the three areas of highest vascular density at x200 magnification) was significantly hihger in patients with RA (79.8+30.3) and BA (68.9+37.7) than in those with diagnosis of OA (46.5+21.5) (p

The influence of cholinomimetic drugs arecoline, physostigmine and lecithin on the passive avoidance acquisition in nucleus basalis lesioned rats was investigated.

This is a case of a patient who was cured four years because of the involutive melancholy, in hospital at one time. She came to the hospital for the second time as she suffered from depressive mood with agitation and anxiety producing interpretative and nihilistic delusions. At first therapy consisting of neuroleptics and bensodiasepine anxiolitics was given to her. On the third day of such therapy she developed rigor with high temperature and, in the course of the following ten days, the symptoms of renal insufficiency, electrolytic disbalance and variable blood pressure occurred.

It was of interest to study the influence of unilateral or bilateral electrolytic lesions of the NB on the passive avoidance behaviour in rats. Anesthetized male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g (4-5 months old) or 350-480 g (more than 1 year old) were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. The coordinates for unilateral or bilateral NB lesions for older animals were: 1.8 mm anterior ; 2.5 mm lateral and 8.0 mm ventral with bregma as 0. For younger rats the used coordinates were: 0.7 mm posterior ; 2.7 mm lateral and 8.0 mm ventral with bregma as 0. In sham lesioned rats the electrode was lowered into the NB, but without turning on the current. Fifteen day later passive avoidance task was performed. At the end of experiment the site of the lesion was histologically verified. Our results show that both unilateral and bilateral electrolytic lesions of the NB impaired the passive avoidance responses in young and old rats. Bilateral in comparison with unilateral NB lesion produced significantly higher avoidance deficit. These results suggest that the NB cells intact activity is a prerequisite to unimpaired performance in learning and memory tasks in young and old rats.

Ispitivan je utjecaj obostrane elektrolitičke lezije nakupine magnocelularnih neurona, smještenih ventromedijalno od globusa palidusa, na pasivno ispitivanje kazne u štakora. Pronađeno je uništenje spomenute strukture značajno smanjuje mogućnost životinja da izbjegnu kaznu, pa iz toga zaključujemo da je očuvanost ispitivanih neurona bitna za ostvarivanje procesa učenja i pamćenja u štakora.

A major cholinergic projection to the neocortex originates from the cell bodies in the nucleus basalis of Maynert (NBM). Because the cholinergic system has a specific relationship to cognitive functions and lesions of NBM reduce memory, it was of interest to study the effect of piracetam (2 g/kg i.p.), dihydroergotoxine (DHE- 0.1 mg/kg i.p.) and arecoline (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) on the passive avoidance acquisition in the rat with NBM lesion. Bilateral NBM electrolytic lesion significantly impaired the passive avoidance acquisition related to the control group and sham lesioned rats. The avoidance acquisition deficit was improved by arecoline while piracetam or DHE didn't influence it statistically.