150 results on '"Kris Rogers"'
Search Results
2. Acculturation and risk of traffic crashes in young Asian-born Australian drivers
- Author
-
Soufiane Boufous, Holger Möller, George Patton, Mark Woodward, Mark R Stevenson, Teresa Senserrick, Rebecca Mclean, Patricia Cullen, Amy Wang, Kris Rogers, Huei-Yang Chen, and Rebecca Q Ivers
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Accidents, Traffic ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Public Health ,1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology ,Acculturation - Abstract
The study examines changes over time in crash risk differences between young Australian drivers born in Asia and those born in Australia.Data from the 2003 baseline survey of the DRIVE cohort of 20 806 young drivers aged 17–24 years were linked to police, hospital and death data up until 2016. The association between country of birth and crash was investigated using flexible parametric survival models adjusted for confounders.Six months after baseline, the crash risk in Asian-born drivers was less than half that of their Australian-born counterparts (mean HR, MHR 0.41; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.57), only to increase steadily over time to resemble that of Australian-born drivers 13 years later (MHR 0.94; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.36).This is likely to be associated with acculturation and the adoption by young Asian-born Australian drivers of driving behaviour patterns akin to those born locally. This needs to be considered in future road safety campaigns.
- Published
- 2022
3. Salt and Sugar Intakes of Adults in the Central Division of Fiji – Findings from a Nutrition Survey of over 500 People
- Author
-
Anasaini Moala Silatolu, Joseph Alvin Santos, Aliyah Palu, Devina Nand, Alvina Deo, Ateca Kama, Susana Lolohea, Unise Vakaloloma, Litiana Seru, Penaia Naivunivuni, Shajal Kumar, Helen Tawakilai, Emosi Vimatemate, Mohammed Sanif, Alena Misavu, Andrew Uma Prasad, Dori Patay, Mark Woodward, Kris Rogers, Erica Reeve, Colin Bell, Jacqui Webster, Gade Waqa, and Briar L McKenzie
- Abstract
Background Excess salt and sugar consumption contribute to diet-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Given the increasing burden of these conditions in Fiji, this study aimed to estimate salt and sugar intakes and their main sources, in a population of adults in the Central Division of Fiji.Methods One adult (≥ 18 years) per household was randomly selected to participate in the survey in 2022, with sampling stratified by age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 700). The survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics; measures of blood pressure, weight, and height; and a 24-hour diet recall. Spot-urine samples were collected, with 24-hour urine samples from a sub-sample (n = 200). Sugar intake was estimated from the 24-hour diet recalls as grams per day and as a percentage of total energy intake, in terms of total sugar and free sugar (excluding sugar from fruits, vegetables and dairy). Salt intake was estimated from the spot-urines. 24-hr dietary recall was used to estimate the main sources of salt and sugar by food groups.Results Five hundred and thirty-four people participated in the survey (response rate 76%), 50% were women, and the mean age was 42 years. Salt intake was estimated at 8.8 g/day (95% CI, 8.7 to 9.0). Free sugar intake was estimated at 74.1 g/day (67.5 to 80.7), with 16.1% of total energy intake coming from free sugars (15.0 to 17.1%). The main sources of salt were mixed cooked dishes (40.9% (38.2 to 43.5)), and bread and bakery products (28.7% (26.5 to 31.0)). The main sources of sugar were table sugars, honey, and related products (24.3% (21.7 to 26.8)), non-alcoholic beverages (21.4% (18.8 to 24.0)) and bread and bakery products (18.0% (16.2 to 19.9)).Conclusion Salt and sugar intakes were more than World Health Organization maximum recommendations in this representative sample of Fijian adults. Given salt and sugar was mainly coming from foods with high salt and sugar content along with the addition of salt and sugar to food or drinks, interventions to reduce the amount of sugar and salt in foods are needed along with strategies to help people make healthy food choices.
- Published
- 2023
4. A single case series of imagery rescripting of intrusive autobiographical memories in depression
- Author
-
Adele Stavropoulos, Robert Brockman, Chris Hayes, Kris Rogers, and David Berle
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology - Published
- 2023
5. Risk factors for incident kidney disease in older adults: an Australian prospective <scp>population‐based</scp> study
- Author
-
Amy Kang, Kris Rogers, Brendon L. Neuen, Carol A. Pollock, Carinna Hockham, Min Jun, Meg Jardine, Louisa Sukkar, Alan Cass, Thomas Lung, Elizabeth J Comino, Celine Foote, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Tamara Young, and Anish Scaria
- Subjects
Male ,Population ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,General & Internal Medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Poisson regression ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,education ,1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Socioeconomic status ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Australia ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Cohort ,symbols ,Female ,business ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Demography ,Cohort study ,Kidney disease - Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine risk factors for incident CKD in a large population-based cohort. METHODS This prospective opt-in population-based cohort study is based on the 45 and Up Study, where New South Wales residents aged ≥45 years were randomly sampled from the Services Australia enrolment database and agreed to complete the 45 and Up Study baseline questionnaire and have their responses linked to their health data in routinely-collected databases. The primary outcome was the development of incident CKD, defined as eGFR
- Published
- 2022
6. A life-course approach to road safety - Findings from the DRIVE study
- Author
-
Rebecca Ivers, Holger Moller, Patricia Cullen, Teresa Senserrick, Kris Rogers, and Soufiane Boufous
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Health Informatics - Published
- 2023
7. Sustaining acute speech–language therapists’ implementation of recommended aphasia practices: A mixed methods follow‐up evaluation of a cluster RCT
- Author
-
Kirstine Shrubsole, Kris Rogers, and Emma Power
- Subjects
Speech and Hearing ,Linguistics and Language ,Allied Health Personnel ,Aphasia ,Humans ,Speech ,Speech Therapy ,Language and Linguistics ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
While implementation studies in aphasia management have shown promising improvements to clinical practice, it is currently unknown if aphasia implementation outcomes are sustained and what factors may influence clinical sustainability.To evaluate the sustainment (i.e., sustained improvement of aphasia management practices and domains influencing clinicians' practice) and sustainability (i.e., factors influencing sustainability) outcomes of the Acute Aphasia IMplementation Study (AAIMS).A convergent interactive mixed-methods sustainability evaluation was conducted on two previously delivered implementation interventions (AAIMS). The AAIMS interventions were targeted at improving either written aphasia-friendly information provision (Intervention A) or collaborative goal-setting (Intervention B). Outcomes were collected 2 and 3 years post-implementation, addressing the research questions of sustainment (e.g., medical record audits and behavioural constructs questionnaires) and sustainability (e.g., post-study focus groups and organizational readiness surveys). Quantitative sustainability data were compared with post-implementation data, allowing for sustainment to be determined. Clinicians' perspectives on sustainability outcomes and challenges were analysed using framework analysis and integrated with the quantitative findings.A total of 35 speech-language therapists (SLTs) from four hospitals participated. The medical records of 79 patients were audited in the sustainability period compared with the 107 medical records audited during AAIMS. Overall, there was variable sustainment of the target behaviours; implementation for Intervention A was not sustained at either sustainability time point (2018 = 47.8% decrease; 2019 = 22.78% decrease), but implementation for Intervention B was sustained at both time points (2018 = 7.78% increase; 2019 = 18.1% increase). There was a pattern of sustained change in the behaviour change domains targeted by the implementation interventions, where scores of the targeted domains increased over time (0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.05 to 0.30) and scores of the non-targeted domains declined (-0.03, 95% CI = -0.11 to 0.04). Factors influencing sustainability were mainly related to 'processes', 'the inner context' and 'SLT characteristics', and these interacted dynamically to account for variation between teams.Implementation outcomes (i.e., practice changes) were not sustained to the same level for three of the four participating SLT teams, with variable or partial sustainment most common. While the factors influencing sustainability differed depending on the context and individuals involved, the most important factor influencing outcomes seemed to be the level to which behaviour-change processes and strategies were embedded within the SLT department. Future implementation studies should incorporate sustainability measures from the onset and include follow-ups and monitoring systems to help support sustained change in the long term.What is already known on the subject In post-stroke aphasia management, there are few examples of long-term sustainability of implementation outcomes. It is therefore unknown what factors are potentially important to sustain implementation of best-practice recommendations in aphasia services. What this paper adds to existing knowledge There is potential for implementation outcomes to be sustained long term, but sustainment is impacted by a range of factors. Ongoing facilitation or follow-up after initial implementation may to useful to promote sustainment, but is not essential if processes are sufficiently embedded. Gradual implementation into practice may lead to better sustainment than rapid change that is quickly forgotten. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Future implementation efforts should incorporate sustainability measures from the onset. Applying a sustainability framework was useful to guide evaluations and explore factors influencing the sustainment outcomes and is recommended for those interested in sustainability. Results from our evaluation can be used to guide refinement and support future development of sustainable implementation interventions.
- Published
- 2021
8. Reciprocal relationships between employment status and psychological symptoms: findings from the Building a New Life in Australia study
- Author
-
David Berle, Kris Rogers, and Alana Garton
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Epidemiology ,Refugee ,Psychological intervention ,Mental health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Secondary analysis ,medicine ,Association (psychology) ,Prospective cohort study ,Psychology ,Reciprocal ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Finding work is an important priority for many refugees in the initial years following settlement in a host country. Difficulties in finding work could conceivably both contribute to and be a consequence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress commonly reported by refugees. We sought to determine the direction of these relationships and the possibility of a reciprocal association between employment status on one hand, and symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress on the other, in a large refugee sample. A secondary analysis of three face-to-face interview assessments conducted across 5 years with 894 adult refugee participants (M = 39.9 years, SD = 12.8) from the Building a New Life in Australia study was conducted. Symptoms of psychological distress, posttraumatic stress, and employment status were assessed on each occasion. Preliminary analysis identified the cross-sectional relationships between psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, and employment status, while cross-lagged models were used to identify the longitudinal relationships between these respective symptoms. Symptoms of psychological distress and not being in paid work were significantly correlated with each other at each time point (ranging 0.09–0.25) and they reciprocally influenced each other over time. Likewise, PTSD symptoms and not being in paid work were correlated with each other after 3 years and 5 years (r = 0.21 and 0.23 respectively), and a reciprocal relationship between these was found over time. The current findings indicate that interventions which target either mental health or work opportunities could have multiple downstream benefits for refugees.
- Published
- 2021
9. 251 Evidence for a life-course approach to road safety
- Author
-
Holger Moeller, Rebecca Ivers, Patricia Cullen, Kris Rogers, Soufiane Boufous, and Teresa Senserrick
- Published
- 2022
10. Initial treatment with a single pill containing quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medicines versus standard dose monotherapy in patients with hypertension (QUARTET): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial
- Author
-
Mark Nelson, John Chalmers, Michael Burke, Bruce Neal, Dan Xu, D. Wynne, Ruth Webster, Peter Hay, Shirley Jansen, Armand Edison, Andrew Black, Mark Bloch, Aravinda Thiagalingam, Graham S Hillis, Angalie E Abraham, Kris Rogers, Tim Usherwood, M. Altman, Markus P. Schlaich, Sinjini Biswas, Emily Atkins, Clara K Chow, Janis M. Nolde, Gemma A. Figtree, Anushka Patel, Harry Klimis, Jay Thakkar, Christopher M. Reid, Andrew E. Ajani, Laurent Billot, Revathy Carnagarin, Anthony Rodgers, and Andrew Hung
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood Pressure ,THERAPY ,law.invention ,Medicine, General & Internal ,Irbesartan ,MEDICATION ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,General & Internal Medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Bisoprolol ,Humans ,Amlodipine ,AGENTS ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,ANTIHYPERTENSIVE COMBINATION ,Indapamide ,Australia ,ASSOCIATION ,QUARTET Investigators ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Treatment Outcome ,Blood pressure ,Tolerability ,Pill ,Hypertension ,PATTERNS ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Treatment inertia is a recognised barrier to blood pressure control, and simpler, more effective treatment strategies are needed. We hypothesised that a hypertension management strategy starting with a single pill containing ultra-low-dose quadruple combination therapy would be more effective than a strategy of starting with monotherapy.QUARTET was a multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, phase 3 trial among Australian adults (≥18 years) with hypertension, who were untreated or receiving monotherapy. Participants were randomly assigned to either treatment, that started with the quadpill (containing irbesartan at 37·5 mg, amlodipine at 1·25 mg, indapamide at 0·625 mg, and bisoprolol at 2·5 mg) or an indistinguishable monotherapy control (irbesartan 150 mg). If blood pressure was not at target, additional medications could be added in both groups, starting with amlodipine at 5 mg. Participants were randomly assigned using an online central randomisation service. There was a 1:1 allocation, stratified by site. Allocation was masked to all participants and study team members (including investigators and those assessing outcomes) except the manufacturer of the investigational product and one unmasked statistician. The primary outcome was difference in unattended office systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure control (standard office blood pressure140/90 mm Hg), safety, and tolerability. A subgroup continued randomly assigned allocation to 12 months to assess long-term effects. Analyses were per intention to treat. This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616001144404, and is now complete.From June 8, 2017, to Aug 31, 2020, 591 participants were recruited, with 743 assessed for eligibility, 152 ineligible or declined, 300 participants randomly assigned to intervention of initial quadpill treatment, and 291 to control of initial standard dose monotherapy treatment. The mean age of the 591 participants was 59 years (SD 12); 356 (60%) were male and 235 (40%) were female; 483 (82%) were White, 70 (12%) were Asian, and 38 (6%) reported as other ethnicity; and baseline mean unattended office blood pressure was 141 mm Hg (SD 13)/85 mm Hg (SD 10). By 12 weeks, 44 (15%) of 300 participants had additional blood pressure medications in the intervention group compared with 115 (40%) of 291 participants in the control group. Systolic blood pressure was lower by 6·9 mm Hg (95% CI 4·9-8·9; p0·0001) and blood pressure control rates were higher in the intervention group (76%) versus control group (58%; relative risk [RR] 1·30, 95% CI 1·15-1·47; p0·0001). There was no difference in adverse event-related treatment withdrawals at 12 weeks (intervention 4·0% vs control 2·4%; p=0·27). Among the 417 patients who continued, uptitration occurred more frequently among control participants than intervention participants (p0·0001). However, at 52 weeks mean unattended systolic blood pressure remained lower by 7·7 mm Hg (95% CI 5·2-10·3) and blood pressure control rates higher in the intervention group (81%) versus control group (62%; RR 1·32, 95% CI 1·16-1·50). In all randomly assigned participants up to 12 weeks, there were seven (3%) serious adverse events in the intervention group and three (1%) serious adverse events in the control group.A strategy with early treatment of a fixed-dose quadruple quarter-dose combination achieved and maintained greater blood pressure lowering compared with the common strategy of starting monotherapy. This trial demonstrated the efficacy, tolerability, and simplicity of a quadpill-based strategy.National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.
- Published
- 2021
11. Comparing survival in patients with chronic kidney disease across three countries - Results from the study of heart and renal protection-extended review
- Author
-
Benjamin Talbot, Alan Cass, Robert Walker, Lai Hooi, Meg Jardine, Min Jun, Kris Rogers, Louisa Sukkar, Brendan Smyth, and Martin Gallagher
- Subjects
Simvastatin ,Nephrology ,Humans ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,General Medicine ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Urology & Nephrology ,Ezetimibe ,Kidney ,Kidney Transplantation - Abstract
AIM: This study examined whether survival and causes of death differed between participants enrolled from Australia (AUS), Malaysia (MYL), and New Zealand (NZ) in extended follow-up of the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of participants with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease comparing placebo to combination therapy with Simvastatin and Ezetimibe. METHODS: All participants alive at final SHARP study visit in participating centres were eligible for inclusion. Consenting participants were re-enrolled following final SHARP Study visit and followed for 5 years. Data collection included: significant medical events, hospital admissions and requirement for kidney replacement therapy. Data linkage was performed to national kidney and mortality registries. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality compared across the three countries. RESULTS: The SHARP trial randomized 2029 participants from AUS (1043/2029, 51%), MYL (701/2029, 35%), and NZ (285/2029, 14%), with 1136 participants alive and eligible for extended follow-up at the end of SHARP. In multivariable analysis, risk of death was increased for participants in MYL (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.61, p
- Published
- 2022
12. The relationship between psychology practice and complementary medicine in Australia: Psychologists’ demographics and practice characteristics regarding type of engagement across a range of complementary medicine modalities
- Author
-
Carrie Thomson-Casey, Erica McIntyre, Kris Rogers, and Jon Adams
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Introduction Many people with mental health problems utilise a range of complementary medicine (CM) practitioners, products, and practices. Psychologists are likely to consult with clients who are seeking and using CM, in some form, as part of their wider mental health treatment. The aim of this research is to determine how much, and in what ways, Australian psychologists recommend CM products and/or practices, and/or initiate referrals to CM practitioners as part of their clinical practice and to explore if these behaviours have any association with the characteristics of the psychologist or their wider practice. Methods Survey data was collected from psychologists in clinical practice who self-selected to participate between February and April 2021. Participation in the study was via an online 79-item questionnaire exploring core aspects of CM engagement in psychology clinical practice. Results Amongst the 202 psychologists who completed the survey, mind/body approaches (90.5%) were the most recommended CM and cultural/spiritual approaches the least recommended CM (7.5%). Participants also reported referring to CM practitioners with naturopaths the most common focus of their referrals (57.9%) and cultural and spiritual practitioners the least common focus of their referrals (6.69%). Our analysis shows the demographic and practice characteristics of a psychologist are generally not predictors of a psychologist’s engagement with CM in their clinical practice. Conclusions Substantial numbers of psychologists recommend CM products and practices and/or refer clients to CM practitioners. Alongside subjecting CM interventions for mental health to an evidence-base assessment, the broader discipline of psychology needs to also consider psychologist engagement with CM in clinical practice in order to help ensure cultural-sensitivity, client safety and client choice.
- Published
- 2023
13. Improving Parent-Child Relationships for Young Parents in the Shadow of Complex Trauma: A Single-Case Experimental Design Series
- Author
-
Jacqueline Kemmis-Riggs, Adam Dickes, Kris Rogers, David Berle, and John McAloon
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Developmental & Child Psychology ,1103 Clinical Sciences, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 1701 Psychology - Abstract
This study provides a preliminary evaluation of a dyadic intervention for young parents with a history of complex trauma, Holding Hands Young Parents (HHYP). Four mothers (17–22 years) and toddlers (12–33 months) completed the intervention, designed to improve parent–child relationships, parental self-regulation, self-efficacy and mental health, and child behaviour/emotional problems. An A–B single case experimental design series with follow-up and randomised baseline, used observational and self-report measures throughout. Linear mixed models demonstrated improvement in reciprocity and parental sensitivity over the treatment phase, with no evidence of shifts in scores at beginning or end of treatment. There was no evidence for changes in child engagement, negative states, intrusiveness or withdrawal. Reliable Change Index indicated improvement in parent-reported self-regulation, self-efficacy, stress and child emotional/behavioural problems from baseline to follow-up for all four mothers; depression showed reliable change for three. This study demonstrates relational change between young parents and their toddlers and provides preliminary data on the HHYP protocol.
- Published
- 2022
14. Socioeconomic status during youth and risk of car crash during adulthood. Findings from the DRIVE cohort study
- Author
-
Teresa Senserrick, Kris Rogers, Patricia Cullen, Rebecca Ivers, Soufiane Boufous, and Holger Mőller
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Automobile Driving ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Crash ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,0502 economics and business ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Social inequality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Socioeconomic status ,050210 logistics & transportation ,1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1604 Human Geography ,business.industry ,Speed limit ,05 social sciences ,Confounding ,Accidents, Traffic ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Class ,population characteristics ,Female ,business ,human activities ,Automobiles ,Cohort study ,Demography - Abstract
BackgroundYoung drivers of low socioeconomic status (SES) have a disproportionally high risk of crashing compared with their more affluent counterparts. Little is known if this risk persists into adulthood and if it differs between men and women.MethodsWe used data from a 2003/2004 Australian survey of young drivers (n=20 806), which included measures of drivers’ demographics and established crash risk factors. These data were linked to police-reported crash, hospital and death data up to 2016. We used negative binomial regression models to estimate the association between participants’ SES, with car crash.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding, drivers of lowest SES had 1.30 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.42), 1.90 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.88), 3.09 (95% CI 2.41 to 3.95) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.82) times higher rate of crash, crash-related hospitalisation, crash in country areas and crash on streets with a speed limit of 80 km/hour or above compared with drivers of highest SES, respectively. For single-vehicle crashes, women in the lowest SES groups had 2.88 (95% CI 1.83 to 4.54) times higher rate of crash compared with those in the highest SES group, but no differences were observed for men from different SES groups.ConclusionYoung drivers who lived in areas of low SES at the time of the survey had a sustained increased risk of crash over the following 13 years compared with drivers from the most affluent areas. Our findings suggest that in addition to traditional measures, road transport injury prevention needs to consider the wider social determinants of health.
- Published
- 2021
15. Self-harm in adolescence and risk of crash: a 13-year cohort study of novice drivers in New South Wales, Australia
- Author
-
Patricia Cullen, Holger Mőller, Rachel Baffsky, Alexandra Martiniuk, Teresa Senserrick, Kris Rogers, Mark Woodward, Mark R Stevenson, Rebecca McLean, Susan Sawyer, George Patton, and Rebecca Q Ivers
- Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
IntroductionSelf-harm and suicide are leading causes of morbidity and death for young people, worldwide. Previous research has identified self-harm is a risk factor for vehicle crashes, however, there is a lack of long-term crash data post licensing that investigates this relationship. We aimed to determine whether adolescent self-harm persists as crash risk factor in adulthood.MethodsWe followed 20 806 newly licensed adolescent and young adult drivers in the DRIVE prospective cohort for 13 years to examine whether self-harm was a risk factor for vehicle crashes. The association between self-harm and crash was analysed using cumulative incidence curves investigating time to first crash and quantified using negative binominal regression models adjusted for driver demographics and conventional crash risk factors.ResultsAdolescents who reported self-harm at baseline were at increased risk of crashes 13 years later than those reporting no self-harm (relative risk (RR) 1.29: 95% CI 1.14 to 1.47). This risk remained after controlling for driver experience, demographic characteristics and known risk factors for crashes, including alcohol use and risk taking behaviour (RR 1.23: 95% CI 1.08 to 1.39). Sensation seeking had an additive effect on the association between self-harm and single-vehicle crashes (relative excess risk due to interaction 0.87: 95% CI 0.07 to 1.67), but not for other types of crashes.DiscussionOur findings add to the growing body of evidence that self-harm during adolescence predicts a range of poorer health outcomes, including motor vehicle crash risks that warrant further investigation and consideration in road safety interventions. Complex interventions addressing self-harm in adolescence, as well as road safety and substance use, are critical for preventing health harming behaviours across the life course.
- Published
- 2023
16. The incidence of falls after first and second eye cataract surgery: a longitudinal cohort study
- Author
-
Lisa Keay, Kam Chun Ho, Kris Rogers, Peter McCluskey, Andrew JR White, Nigel Morlet, Jonathon Q Ng, Ecosse Lamoureux, Konrad Pesudovs, Fiona J Stapleton, Soufiane Boufous, Jessie Huang‐Lung, and Anna Palagyi
- Subjects
Male ,11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine ,Incidence ,Humans ,Accidental Falls ,Female ,General Medicine ,Cataract Extraction ,Longitudinal Studies ,Cataract ,Aged - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare fall incidence, and visual acuity and refractive status, before surgery and after first and second eye cataract surgery. DESIGN, SETTING: Prospective observational study in eight tertiary referral ophthalmology clinics in public hospitals in Sydney, Melbourne, and Perth. PARTICIPANTS: People aged 65 years or more referred for bilateral age-related cataract surgery during 2013-16, followed for maximum of 24 months after study entry or until six months after second eye surgery, whichever was shorter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome: age- and sex-adjusted incidence of falls. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: visual acuity and refractive error. RESULTS: The mean age of the 409 included participants was 75.4 years (SD, 5.4 years); 220 were women (54%). Age- and sex-adjusted fall incidence prior to surgery was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.95-1.43) per year, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.63-1.04) per year after first eye surgery, and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.29-0.57) per year after second eye surgery. For the 118 participants who underwent second eye surgery and participated in all follow-up visits, age- and sex-adjusted incidence before (0.80 [95% CI, 0.55-1.15] falls per year) and after first eye surgery (0.81 [95% CI, 0.57-1.15] falls per year) was similar, but was lower after second eye surgery (0.32 [95% CI 0.21-0.50] falls per year). Mean habitual binocular visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.32 (SD, 0.21) before surgery, 0.15 (SD, 0.17) after first eye surgery, and 0.07 (SD, 0.15) after second eye surgery. CONCLUSIONS: First eye surgery substantially improves vision in older people with cataract, but second eye surgery is required to minimise fall incidence. Timely cataract surgery for both eyes not only optimises vision in older people with cataract, but also reduces their risk of injury from falls.
- Published
- 2022
17. Stuttering, family history and counselling: A contemporary database
- Author
-
Tara Darmody, Sue O’Brian, Kris Rogers, Mark Onslow, Chris Jacobs, Alison McEwen, Robyn Lowe, Ann Packman, and Ross Menzies
- Subjects
Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology ,Counseling ,Male ,Parents ,Linguistics and Language ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Australia ,11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, 20 Language, Communication and Culture ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Stuttering ,LPN and LVN ,Language and Linguistics ,Speech and Hearing ,Humans ,Female ,Child - Abstract
Information about genetic influence is useful to when counselling parents or caregivers who have infants and children at risk for stuttering. Yet, the most comprehensive family aggregate database to inform that counselling is nearly four decades old (Andrews et al., 1983). Consequently, the present study was designed to provide a contemporary exploration of the relationship between stuttering and family history.Data were sourced from the Australian Stuttering Research Centre, comprising 739 participants who presented for assessment, treatment, or investigation of stuttering. Reported family history data were acquired from pedigrees collected during assessment. We sought to establish the relation of the following variables to family history of stuttering: incidence, proband sex, parent sex, stuttering severity, age, reported age of stuttering onset, and impact of stuttering. Data were analysed with chi-square tests for independence, logistic and linear regression models.Results were broadly consistent with existing data, but the following findings were novel. Males and females who stutter have the same increased odds of having a father who stutters relative to a mother who stutters. Males had later stuttering onset than females, with genetic involvement in this effect. There was a greater impact of stuttering for females than males with a family history of stuttering.These findings have clinical applications. Speech-language pathologists may have infant or child clients known to them who are at risk of beginning to stutter. Information from the present study can be applied to counselling parents or caregivers of such children about stuttering and family history.
- Published
- 2022
18. Cost-benefit analysis of orientation and mobility programs for adults with vision disability: a contingent valuation study
- Author
-
Kuo-yi Jade Chang, Blake Angell, Kris Rogers, Stephen Jan, and Lisa Keay
- Subjects
Adult ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Rehabilitation ,Australia ,Income ,Vision Disorders ,Humans ,11 Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of orientation and mobility (O&M) programs from three perspectives: the general public, the experienced, and the potential users of O&M programs. METHODS: Willingness-to-pay (WTP) for O&M programs was collected via a contingent valuation survey using a double-bound dichotomous choice approach. WTP was estimated using interval regression analyses, accounting for study arm, sex, occupation, income, and self-rated health. The cost data were estimated from a service provider's perspective. The net present value (NPV), variation if delivered by tele-O&M, was investigated. RESULTS: The adjusted mean NPV of O&M programs was $3857 (95% CI: $3760-$3954) per client, with highest NPV from the general public ($4289, 95% CI: $4185-$4392), followed by the experienced users ($3158, 95% CI: $2897-$3419) and the potential users ($2867, 95% CI: $2680-$3054). The NPV reached break-even for tele-O&M. CONCLUSIONS: There was strong community support for investment into O&M programs considering benefits for clients over and above the cost of providing the services.Implications for rehabilitationThis study demonstrates the feasibility of using cost-benefit analysis with a contingent valuation approach to economically assess a rehabilitation intervention, where its multi-dimensional benefits cannot be fully captured by a conventional appraisal technique such as cost-effectiveness analysis.The high willingness-to-pay (WTP) values amongst the general public suggests that Australians perceive government's investment in orientation and mobility (O&M) rehabilitation as value for money and that individuals would be prepared to contribute to its costs.The lower WTP for O&M partially delivered via tele-practice (tele-O&M) indicates a lower acceptance of this innovation in comparison with the traditional face-to-face O&M.The estimated net present values of O&M programs, positive for traditional O&M and break-even for tele-O&M, can be of assistance to service planning and investment decisions within the Australian context.
- Published
- 2022
19. Driving offences and risk of subsequent crash in novice drivers: the DRIVE cohort study 12-year follow-up
- Author
-
Holger Möller, Patricia Cullen, Teresa Senserrick, Kris Rogers, Soufiane Boufous, and Rebecca Q Ivers
- Subjects
Cohort Studies ,Automobile Driving ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Accidents, Traffic ,Australia ,Humans ,Public Health ,Prospective Studies ,1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
BackgroundPenalties are a key component to improve road user safety, but previous studies suggested that they might not be successful in reducing crashing in offending drivers. However, these studies were not able to consider important crash risk factors in the analysis that might confound the results. Using data from a large prospective cohort study of young drivers in New South Wales, Australia, we explored if novice drivers with driving offences have a higher rates of car crash and if these differences are explained by established crash risk factors.MethodsWe used data from a 2003/2004 Australian survey of young drivers, linked to police reported offence and crash data, hospital data and deaths data up to 2016. We used Poisson regression models adjusted for confounders to estimate the association between driving offences during 2003–2006 with car crash during 2007–2016.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 20 781 young drivers of whom 7860 drivers (37.8%) had at least one driving offence and 2487 (12.0%) were involved in at least one crash. After adjusting for confounders in the regression model, drivers with three or more driving offences had 2.25 (95% CI 1.98 to 2.57), 2.87 (95% CI 1.60 to 5.17) and 3.28 (95% CI 2.28 to 4.72) times higher rates of any crash, crashes that resulted in hospital admission or death and single vehicle crashes compared with drivers with no driving offences.ConclusionMeasures that successfully mitigate the underlying risk factors for both, crashes and offences, have the potential to improve road safety.
- Published
- 2022
20. Burn Injuries in Hospitalized Australian Children—An Epidemiological Profile
- Author
-
Tamara Mackean, Courtney Ryder, Andrew J. A. Holland, Rebecca Ivers, Kate Hunter, and Kris Rogers
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Adolescent ,Indigenous ,symbols.namesake ,Injury prevention ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Humans ,In patient ,Poisson regression ,Child ,Socioeconomic status ,business.industry ,Rehabilitation ,Australia ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Child, Preschool ,Emergency Medicine ,symbols ,Population study ,Surgery ,Burns ,business ,Child, Hospitalized ,Total body surface area ,New Zealand ,Demography - Abstract
Globally, First Nations children sustain burns at a higher rate than other children. Little is understood about how health inequities contribute, especially from an Indigenous viewpoint. We analyzed data from the Burns Registry of Australian and New Zealand (BRANZ) for acute burns in children (
- Published
- 2020
21. The Role of Comorbidity on Retention in HIV Care
- Author
-
Rachel Grove, Toby Newton-John, Milton L. Wainberg, Kris Rogers, John McAloon, and Shiraze M. Bulsara
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,MEDLINE ,HIV Infections ,Comorbidity ,Logistic regression ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Syndemic ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Retrospective Studies ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Attendance ,medicine.disease ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Family medicine ,1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1607 Social Work ,Public Health ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychosocial - Abstract
Retention is a central component of the Cascade, facilitating monitoring of comorbidity. Country-specific definitions differ and may suit stable and functioning clients, while not appropriately classifying complex clinical presentations characterized by comorbidity. A retrospective file review of 363 people living with HIV attending a Sydney HIV clinic was conducted. Retention was compared with Australian (attendance once/12-months) and World Health Organization (attendance ‘appropriate to need’) recommendations to identify those attending according to the Australian definition, but not clinician recommendations (AUnotWHO). Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the impact of age/sex and clinician-assessed comorbidity on retention. Most (97%) participants were considered retained according to the Australian definition, but only 56.7% according to clinician recommendations. Those with psychosocial comorbidity alone were less likely to be in the AUnotWHO group (OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.27–0.96, p = 0.04). The interaction of physical and psychosocial comorbidity was predictive of poor retention (Wald test: χ2 = 6.39, OR 2.39 [95% CI 1.15–4.97], p = 0.01), suggesting a syndemic relationship.
- Published
- 2020
22. Crash risk factors for novice motorcycle riders
- Author
-
Soufiane Boufous, Chika Sakashita, Teresa Senserrick, Kris Rogers, Carine Davey, Rebecca Ivers, Liz de Rome, Patricia Cullen, and Holger Möller
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Victoria ,education ,Poison control ,Crash ,Logistic regression ,Odds ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,0502 economics and business ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Risk factor ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,050107 human factors ,050210 logistics & transportation ,05 social sciences ,Accidents, Traffic ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Crash risk ,Middle Aged ,Logistic Models ,Motorcycles ,Cohort ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Psychology ,human activities ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Motorcycle riders have the highest injury and fatality rates among all road users. This research sought in-depth understanding of crash risk factors to help in developing targeted measures to reduce motorcycle crash injuries and fatalities. Methods: We used interview data from a study of 2,399 novice motorcycle riders in Victoria, Australia from 2010 to 2012 linked with their police-recorded crash and offence data. The outcome measure was self and/or police reported crash. The association between potential risk factors and crashes was explored in multivariable logistic regression models. Results: In the multivariable analysis, riders who reported being involved in three or more near crashes had 1.74 times (95% CI 1.11–2.74) higher odds of crashing compared to riders who reported no near-crash events, and riders who participated in a pre-learner course had 1.41 times higher odds of crashing (95% CI 1.07–1.87) compared with riders who did not attend a pre-learner course. Riders who had been involved in a crash before the study had 1.58 times (95% CI 1.14–2.19) higher odds of crashing during the study period compared with riders who were not involved in a crash. Each additional month of having held a license and learner permit decreased the odds of crashing by 2%, and each additional 1,000 km of riding before the study increased the odds of crashing by 2%. Conclusion: Measures of pre-learner training and riding experience were the strongest predictors of crashing in this cohort of novice motorcycle riders. At the time of the study there was no compulsory rider training to obtain a learner permit in Victoria and no on-road courses were available. It may be plausible that riders who voluntarily participated in an unregulated pre-learner course became or remained at high risk of crash after obtaining a rider license. We suggest systematically reviewing the safety benefits of voluntary versus mandatory pre-learner and learner courses and the potential need to include on-road components.
- Published
- 2020
23. Scaling-up food policies in the Pacific Islands: protocol for policy engagement and mixed methods evaluation of intervention implementation
- Author
-
Rebecca Dodd, Sarah Mounsey, Mark Woodward, Briar McKenzie, Jacqui Webster, Ateca Kama, Donald Wilson, Erica Reeve, Colin Bell, Steven Allender, Anne Marie Thow, Thomas Lung, Claire Johnson, Isimeli Tukana, Gade Waqa, and Kris Rogers
- Subjects
RC620-627 ,Process management ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,Food policy ,Salt ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Intervention ,Pacific Islands ,Nutrition Policy ,Pacific health ,Study Protocol ,Intervention implementation ,Humans ,TX341-641 ,Sugar ,Evaluation ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,Pandemics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Health policy analysis ,Dietary surveys ,COVID-19 ,Coronavirus ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,1111 Nutrition and Dietetics - Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been declared a crisis in the Pacific Islands, and poor diets are a major contributor to this. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic crisis will likely increase the burden on food systems, exacerbating this situation. Pacific Island leaders have been proactive in adopting a range of food policies and regulations to improve diets. This includes taxes and regulations on compositional standards for salt and sugar in foods or school food policies. Whilst there is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of such policies globally, there is a lack of local context-specific evidence about how to implement them effectively in the Pacific. Methods Our 5-year collaborative research project will advance knowledge of how to scale up food policy interventions in the Pacific Islands. The overall aim of this implementation science research project is to test the feasibility and effectiveness of policy interventions to reduce salt and sugar consumption in Fiji and Samoa, and to examine factors that will support sustained implementation. We will engage, as partners, government agencies and civil society in Fiji and Samoa, and support the design, implementation and monitoring of a range of evidence-informed interventions aiming to reduce salt and sugar consumption, in the context of on-going health and environmental challenges, such as COVID-19 and climate change. Specific objectives are to: (1) conduct a policy landscape analysis to understand the potential opportunities and challenges to strengthen policies for prevention of diet-related NCDs in Fiji and Samoa; (2) conduct repeat cross sectional surveys to measure dietary intake, food sources and diet-related biomarkers; (3) use Systems Thinking in Community Knowledge Exchange (STICKE) to strengthen implementation of policies to reduce salt and sugar consumption; (4) evaluate the impact, process and cost effectiveness of implementing these policies. Discussion The project will provide new evidence to support policy making, as well as developing a low-cost, high-tech, sustainable, scalable system for monitoring food consumption, the food supply and health-related outcomes.Contributions to the literature· Poor diets are one of the main contributors to non-communicable diseases. There is increasing evidence to show that food policy interventions (fiscal or regulatory) are an effective way of improving diets, globally. · This project will produce local context-specific evidence for the impact and cost-effectiveness of food policy interventions to improve diets in the Pacific Islands (Fiji and Samoa). It will also produce new insights into what is feasible and which factors contribute most to effective implementation in different contexts.· The findings will provide important insights into gaps in the implementation science literature on food policy implementation, particularly in Small Island Developing States. The project will also make an important contribution globally since the innovative methods of engaging policy makers and monitoring food and health developed through the project may be replicated elsewhere.
- Published
- 2022
24. Swallowing and communication recovery following severe sepsis: Scores study
- Author
-
Amy Freeman-Sanderson, Kelly Thompson, Kris Rogers, Doug Elliott, Mark Elkins, Martin Brodsky, Frances Bass, Queenie (KwanYee) Leung, Fiona Goodman, Sarah Grattan, and Naomi Hammond
- Subjects
Emergency Nursing ,Critical Care Nursing - Published
- 2022
25. Prior Cardiovascular Treatments-A Key Characteristic in Determining Medication Adherence After an Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Author
-
Anna Campain, Carinna Hockham, Louisa Sukkar, Kris Rogers, Clara K Chow, Thomas Lung, Min Jun, Carol Pollock, Alan Cass, David Sullivan, Elizabeth Comino, David Peiris, and Meg Jardine
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Abstract
Objective: To investigate long-term adherence to guideline-recommended cardioprotective medications following hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and identify characteristics associated with adherence.Methods: An Australian population-based cohort study was used to identify participants who had their first AMI between 2006 and 2014 and were alive after 12 months. Linked routinely collected hospital, and prescription medication claims data was used to study adherence over time. Predictors and rates of adherence to both lipid-lowering medication and renin-angiotensin system blockade at 12 months post-AMI was assessed.Results: 14,200 people (mean age 69.9 years, 38.7% female) were included in our analysis. At 12 months post-AMI, 29.5% (95% CI: 28.8–30.3%) of people were adherent to both classes of medication. Individuals receiving treatment with both lipid-lowering medication and renin-angiotensin system blockade during the 6 months prior to their AMI were over 9 times more likely to be adherent to both medications at 12 months post-AMI (66.2% 95% CI: 64.8–67.5%) compared to those with no prior medication use (treatment naïve) (7.1%, 95% CI: 6.4–7.9%). Prior cardiovascular treatment was the strongest predictor of long-term adherence even after adjusting for age, sex, education and income.Conclusions: Despite efforts to improve long-term medication adherence in patients who have experienced an acute coronary event, considerable gaps remain. Of particular concern are people who are commencing guideline-recommended cardioprotective medication at the time of their AMI. The relationship between prior cardiovascular treatments and post AMI adherence offers insight into the support needs for the patient. Health care intervention strategies, strengthened by enabling policies, are needed to provide support to patients through the initial months following their AMI.
- Published
- 2022
26. S-16-1: RESISTANT HYPERTENISION: CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL
- Author
-
Cheryl Carcel, Bruce Neal, Kris Rogers, Suzanne Oparil, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Jiguang Wang, Ernesto L. Schiffrin, Michel Azizi, Neil Poulter, and John Chalmers
- Subjects
Physiology ,Internal Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
27. Youth Resilience Education and 13-Year Motor Vehicle Crash Risk
- Author
-
Teresa Senserrick, Holger Möller, Kris Rogers, Patricia Cullen, and Rebecca Ivers
- Subjects
Male ,Automobile Driving ,Self-Assessment ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Applied psychology ,Risk Assessment ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Program Development ,Resilience (network) ,business.industry ,Accidents, Traffic ,Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ,Resilience, Psychological ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,New South Wales ,business ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,Motor vehicle crash - Published
- 2021
28. Challenges in Documenting Non-Fatal Drowning Disability in Bangladesh: A Community-Based Survey
- Author
-
Aminur Rahman, Aliki Christou, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Jagnoor Jagnoor, Kris Rogers, Kamran Ul Baset, Rebecca Ivers, and Medhavi Gupta
- Subjects
Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Assessment instrument ,morbidity ,Community based survey ,Toxicology ,Article ,household survey ,Disability assessment ,low-and middle-income country ,Limited access ,Household survey ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Health care ,Medicine ,Humans ,education ,Child ,education.field_of_study ,Bangladesh ,business.industry ,drowning ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,non-fatal drowning ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,disability ,business - Abstract
Limited access to health care and the lack of robust data systems means non-fatal drownings are largely missed in low-and middle-income countries. We report morbidity among individuals who experienced non-fatal drowning in the Barishal Division, Bangladesh. A representative household survey was conducted in the Barishal Division in southern Bangladesh between September 2016 and February 2017, covering a population of 386,016. The burden of non-fatal drowning was assessed using the WHODAS 2.0 disability assessment tool, a generic assessment instrument for health and disability. A total of 5164 non-fatal drowning events occurred in the one year preceding the survey. Among these 18% were multiple events. From these, 4235 people were administered the WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire. Non-fatal drowning incidence rates were highest in children aged 1–4 years at 5810 per 100,000 population, and among males. Non-fatal drowning was associated with lower socio-economic status and larger family sizes. Few respondents (6.5%, 95% CI: 4.5–8.4%) reported some level of disability (WHODAS-12 score >, 8). Incidence of non-fatal drowning is high in the population, however limited impact on morbidity was found. There is a need to develop tools and methodologies for reliable and comparable data for non-fatal drowning, especially to capture post-event disability in children.
- Published
- 2021
29. Incidence of early diaphragmatic dysfunction after lung transplantation: results of a prospective observational study
- Author
-
David S. Kennedy, Sam Emmanuel, Elise Crothers, Nikki Molan, George Ntoumenopoulos, Allan R. Glanville, Sean Scott, and Kris Rogers
- Subjects
Male ,Mechanical ventilation ,Transplantation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,business.industry ,Incidence ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Diaphragm ,Diaphragmatic breathing ,Respiration, Artificial ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,Intensive care ,Anesthesia ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung transplantation ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,business ,Lung Transplantation ,Cohort study - Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic dysfunction is common after cardiothoracic surgery, but few studies report its incidence and consequences after lung transplantation. We aimed to estimate the incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction using ultrasound in lung transplant patients up to 3 months postoperatively and evaluated the impact on clinical outcomes. METHODS This was a single-center prospective observational cohort study of 27 lung transplant recipients using diaphragmatic ultrasound preoperatively, at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was defined as excursion
- Published
- 2021
30. Reciprocal relationships between employment status and psychological symptoms: findings from the Building a New Life in Australia study
- Author
-
Alana, Garton, Kris, Rogers, and David, Berle
- Subjects
Adult ,Employment ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Refugees ,Mental Health ,Humans ,Psychological Distress - Abstract
Finding work is an important priority for many refugees in the initial years following settlement in a host country. Difficulties in finding work could conceivably both contribute to and be a consequence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress commonly reported by refugees.We sought to determine the direction of these relationships and the possibility of a reciprocal association between employment status on one hand, and symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress on the other, in a large refugee sample.A secondary analysis of three face-to-face interview assessments conducted across 5 years with 894 adult refugee participants (M = 39.9 years, SD = 12.8) from the Building a New Life in Australia study was conducted. Symptoms of psychological distress, posttraumatic stress, and employment status were assessed on each occasion. Preliminary analysis identified the cross-sectional relationships between psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, and employment status, while cross-lagged models were used to identify the longitudinal relationships between these respective symptoms.Symptoms of psychological distress and not being in paid work were significantly correlated with each other at each time point (ranging 0.09-0.25) and they reciprocally influenced each other over time. Likewise, PTSD symptoms and not being in paid work were correlated with each other after 3 years and 5 years (r = 0.21 and 0.23 respectively), and a reciprocal relationship between these was found over time.The current findings indicate that interventions which target either mental health or work opportunities could have multiple downstream benefits for refugees.
- Published
- 2021
31. Are there sex differences in crash and crash-related injury between men and women? A 13-year cohort study of young drivers in Australia
- Author
-
Kris Rogers, Rebecca Ivers, Mark Woodward, Soufiane Boufous, Julie Brown, Patricia Cullen, Teresa Senserrick, and Holger Möller
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Novice driver ,Sex disaggregated ,Road injury ,Crash ,Lower risk ,Article ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Cumulative incidence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,H1-99 ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Speed limit ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Gender ,Regression analysis ,Crash risk ,Young driver ,Social sciences (General) ,Increased risk ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,0305 other medical science ,business ,human activities ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background Young men have long been known to be disproportionately impacted by road crash and crash-related injury compared to young women and older drivers. However, there is limited insight into how sex differences in crash and crash-related injury changes over time as men and women get older and gain more driving experience. To explore sex differences in crash and crash-related injury, we undertook a sex disaggregated analysis in a large longitudinal cohort of over 20,000 young drivers in New South Wales, Australia, for up to 13 years after they first attained their independent car driver licence. Methods DRIVE Study survey data from 2003–04 were linked with police, hospital and deaths data up to 2016. Sex differences were analysed using cumulative incidence curves investigating time to first crash and in negative binominal regression models adjusted for driver demographics and crash risk factors. Results After adjusting for demographics and driving exposure, compared with women, men had 1.25 (95% CI 1.18–1.33), 2.07 (1.75–2.45), 1.28 (95% CI 1.13–1.46), 1.32 (95% CI 1.17–1.50) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.43–1.78) times higher rates of any crash, single vehicle crash, crash on streets with a speed limit of 80 km/h or above, crash in wet conditions and crash in the dark, respectively. By contrast, men were less likely to be involved in crashes that resulted in hospitalisation compared to women 0.73 (95% CI 0.55–0.96). Conclusions Young men are at increased risk of crash, and this risk persists as they get older and gain more driving experience. Despite lower risk of crash, women are at higher risk of crash related injury requiring hospitalisation. These differences in men's and women's risk of crash and injury signal the need for better understanding of how sex and/or gender may contribute to risk of crash and injury across the life-course., Highlights • In the DRIVE cohort sex differences were observed in crash and crash-related injury. • Men had higher rates than women for all crash types, except crashes that resulted in hospitalisation. • The largest differences between men and women were observed for single vehicle crashes and crashes in the dark. • Increased risk of crash for men persists as they get older and gain more driving experience. • Preventative efforts require a life-course approach to understanding the factors that shape risk across a person's life.
- Published
- 2021
32. Therapy Escalation Following an Elevated HbA1c in Adults Aged 45 Years and Older Living With Diabetes in Australia: A Real-World Observational Analysis
- Author
-
Ji Hu, Kris Rogers, Ying Xie, Carinna Hockham, Meg Jardine, David Peiris, Sophia Zoungas, Tamara Young, Anna Campain, Louisa Sukkar, Jannah Baker, Alan Cass, Carol A. Pollock, Amy Kang, Min Jun, and Germaine Wong
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Health services research ,Psychological intervention ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Diabetes mellitus ,Emergency medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Glycated hemoglobin ,Medical prescription ,business ,education - Abstract
Stepwise escalation of glucose-lowering therapy to more intensive regimens is an integral component of type 2 diabetes management (1). Early blood glucose control is associated with beneficial effects on long-term micro- and macrovascular outcomes (2). Understanding factors associated with time to therapy escalation following an elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may inform interventions to facilitate timely control. We used linked real-world data to examine time to therapy escalation following a recorded HbA1c ≥8.0% (64 mmol/mol) and associated factors. The EXamining ouTcomEs in chroNic Disease in the 45 and Up Study (EXTEND45 Study) is an Australian population-based linked data study in which participants of the 45 and Up Study have been linked to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), providing data on government-subsidized medical services, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), providing prescription claims data, and community laboratory databases (among others) (3). The 45 and Up Study comprises 267,153 individuals aged ≥45 years living in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, recruited between July 2006 and December 2009. Ethical approval for the EXTEND45 Study was obtained from the NSW Population & Health Services Research Ethics Committee (HREC/13/CIPHS/49). In EXTEND45, 24,430 individuals with diabetes between 2006 and 2014 have been identified using multiple linked data sources (3). In the current study, therapy escalation was assessed during the 6 months following all linked HbA1c results ≥8.0% occurring in non–treatment-naive, non–insulin-using individuals presumed to have type 2 diabetes. As a result, the unit of analysis was the elevated HbA1c, with individuals able to contribute multiple results to the analysis. A threshold of 8.0% was used to reflect the typically higher HbA1c targets recommended for older people (4). To ensure that all included HbA1c results represented separate instances of an elevated HbA1c in the same individual, those results ≥8.0% that occurred …
- Published
- 2020
33. Behind the Wheel: Process Evaluation of a Safe-Transport Program for Older Drivers Delivered in a Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Kris Rogers, Kate Hunter, Anna Chevalier, Julie Brown, Rebecca Ivers, Kristy Coxon, Lisa Keay, Soufiane Boufous, and Elizabeth Clarke
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Health Status ,law.invention ,Odds ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Night driving ,Humans ,Medicine ,Intervention implementation ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged ,030214 geriatrics ,business.industry ,Accidents, Traffic ,Australia ,Odds ratio ,Confidence interval ,Behind the wheel ,Female ,Self Report ,Safety ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Process evaluation ,business ,human activities ,Gerontology ,Demography - Abstract
This process evaluation explores relationships between program outcomes and intervention implementation in a trial evaluating “Behind the Wheel,” an education-based safe-transport program for older drivers. Participants (intervention group) were 190 Sydney drivers aged ⩾75 years ( M = 80 ± 4years). Process measures included fidelity, dose delivered, and received. Outcomes were self-reported driving regulation and objectively measured driving exposure. Relationships were explored using regression models. Older drivers who took ownership of driving retirement and self-regulation by developing plans were more likely to reduce their weekly driving, (β = 38 km, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [7.5,68.7]), and night driving (β = 7 km, 95% CI = [3.5, 10.4]). Drivers of older age (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.1/year older, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.3]) had greater odds of developing driving retirement plans. Female drivers ( OR = 2.7,95% CI = [1.1, 6.9]), drivers with poorer function ( OR = 1.2/5-point decrease on DriveSafe, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.4]), and worse health ( OR = 1.2/additional medication, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.5]) had greater odds of developing safe mobility plans. This program had greatest impact with older, lower functioning drivers. A stronger message was delivered and received, as intended, to older drivers with lower function and poorer health. Our logic model can help channel resources to drivers who benefit most.
- Published
- 2018
34. Effectiveness of a medication adherence management intervention in a community pharmacy setting: a cluster randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Andrea Torres-Robles, Miguel Ángel Gastelurrutia, Raquel Varas-Doval, Tamara Peiro, Victoria Garcia-Cardenas, Beatriz Perez-Escamilla, Fernando Martínez-Martínez, Isabel Valverde-Merino, Shalom I. Benrimoj, and Kris Rogers
- Subjects
COPD ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Psychological intervention ,Health services research ,Pharmacy ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,1103 Clinical Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Asthma Control Questionnaire ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Health Policy & Services ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cluster randomised controlled trial ,business ,Asthma - Abstract
This project was funded and supported by Laboratorios Cinfa., Background Non-adherence to medications continues to be a burden worldwide, with significant negative consequences. Community pharmacist interventions seem to be effective at improving medication adherence. However, more evidence is needed regarding their impact on disease-specific outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the impact of a community pharmacist-led adherence management intervention on adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A 6-month cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in Spanish community pharmacies. Patients suffering from hypertension, asthma and COPD were recruited. Patients in the intervention group received a medication adherence management intervention and the control group received usual care. The intervention was based on theoretical frameworks for changing patient behaviour. Medication adherence, disease-specific outcomes (Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores, Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) scores and blood pressure levels) and disease control were evaluated. A multilevel regression model was used to analyse the data. Results Ninety-eight pharmacies and 1186 patients were recruited, with 1038 patients completing the study. Patients receiving the intervention had an OR of 5.12 (95% CI 3.20 to 8.20, p, Laboratorios Cinfa
- Published
- 2021
35. Externally validated model predicting gait independence after stroke showed fair performance and improved after updating
- Author
-
Alana B. McCambridge, Camila Quel de Oliveira, Kris Rogers, Anthonia J. Langerak, Arianne P. Verhagen, Peter William Stubbs, Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen, and Jesper Fabricius
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Scale (ratio) ,Calibration (statistics) ,Computer science ,01 Mathematical Sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Epidemiology ,Model performance ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gait (human) ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Linear regression ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Proxy (statistics) ,Stroke ,Gait ,Independence (probability theory) ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Models, Statistical ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Functional Independence Measure ,External validation ,Female ,Prediction ,Prognostic model ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
ObjectiveTo externally validate recent prognostic models that predict independent gait following stroke.Study design and settingA systematic search identified recent models (ResultsThree prognostic models met our criteria, all with high Risk of Bias. Validation data was only available for the Australian model. This model used National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and age to predict independent gait, using Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) walking item. For validation, Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) was a proxy for NIHSS, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) locomotion item was a proxy for MAS. The Area Under the Curve was 0.77 (0.74-0.80) and had good calibration in the validation dataset. Adjustment of the intercept and regression coefficients slightly improved discrimination. By adding paretic leg strength, the model further improved (AUC 0.82).ConclusionExternal validation of the Australian model with proxies showed fair discrimination and good calibration. Updating the model by adding paretic leg strength further improved model performance.
- Published
- 2021
36. The Language of Pain: Is There a Relationship Between Metaphor Use and Adjustment to Chronic Pain?
- Author
-
Kris Rogers, Toby Newton-John, Ian I. Kneebone, and Imogene Munday
- Subjects
Adult ,Endometriosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anesthesiology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Brief Pain Inventory ,Aged ,Language ,business.industry ,Catastrophization ,Chronic pain ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,1103 Clinical Sciences, 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services ,humanities ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Complex regional pain syndrome ,Mood ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Neuropathic pain ,Metaphor ,Anxiety ,Pain catastrophizing ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Chronic Pain ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective Metaphor, frequently used in chronic pain, can function as a communicative tool, facilitating understanding and empathy from others. Previous research has demonstrated that specific linguistic markers exist for areas such as pain catastrophizing, mood, as well as diagnostic categories. The current study sought to examine potential associations between the types of pain metaphors used and diagnostic category, disability, and mood. Design Online cross-sectional survey in Sydney, Australia. Subjects People with chronic pain (n = 247, age 19–78 years, M = 43.69). Methods The data collected included demographics, pain metaphors, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21). Associations between metaphor source domains, obtained via Systematic Metaphor Analysis, and scores on the BPI, DASS-21, as well as diagnostic group were considered using binary logistic analysis. Results Use of different pain metaphors was not associated with pain intensity, however the extent to which pain interfered with daily life did have a relationship with use of metaphorical language. Preliminary support was found for an association between the use of certain pain metaphors and self-reported diagnostic categories, notably Endometriosis, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, and Neuropathic pain. Conclusions There may be specific linguistic metaphorical markers to indicate pain interference and for particular diagnoses. Appreciation of pain metaphors has potential to facilitate communication and enhance understanding in interactions between clinicians and people with chronic pain.
- Published
- 2021
37. Developing economic measures for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure
- Author
-
Tamara Mackean, Kris Rogers, Julieann Coombes, Andrew J. A. Holland, Courtney Ryder, Kate Hunter, Beverley Essue, Shahid Ullad, and Rebecca Ivers
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Judgement ,Validity ,Pilot Projects ,1110 Nursing, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1605 Policy and Administration ,Indigenous ,Interconnectedness ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Content validity ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Disease burden ,Aged ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Australia ,Construct validity ,Reproducibility of Results ,Oceanic Ancestry Group ,Public Health ,Health Expenditures ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
Objective Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPHE) has a significant impact on marginalised households. The purpose of this study was to modify a pre-existing OOPHE survey for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households with children. Methods The OOPHE survey was derived through a scoping review, face and content validity, including judgement quantification with content experts. Exploratory factor analyses determined factor numbers for construct validity. Repeatability through test–retest processes and reliability was assessed through internal consistency. Results The OOPHE survey had 168 items and was piloted on 67 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents. Construct validity assessment generated a 62-item correlation matrix with a three-factor model. Across these factors, item loadings varied, 10 items with high correlations (>0.70) and 20 with low correlations (
- Published
- 2021
38. Population-Based Projection of Vision-Related Disability in Australia 2020 - 2060: Prevalence, Causes, Associated Factors and Demand for Orientation and Mobility Services
- Author
-
Sophy T. F. Shih, Kris Rogers, Kuo-yi Jade Chang, Lisa Keay, Thomas Lung, and Jessie Huang-Lung
- Subjects
Gerontology ,genetic structures ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Vision Disorders ,Logistic regression ,Blindness ,Cataract ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Promotion (rank) ,Cataracts ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Stroke ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,business.industry ,Orientation and Mobility ,Population Forecast ,Australia ,Macular degeneration ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Ophthalmology ,Projections of population growth ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,business - Abstract
Purpose To project the prevalence, causes, associated factors of vision-related disability and demand for orientation and mobility (O&M) services in Australia from 2020 to 2060. Methods The age-specific prevalence and main causes of vision-related disability were estimated based on primary data of 74,862 participants in 2015 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors for the outcome variables including vision-related disability, cataract, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Future prevalence of vision-related disability and demand for O&M services were forecasted using the population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics through 2060. Results The main causes of vision-related disability are non-specific sight loss, cataracts, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Health-related associations for vision-related disability are older age, having a history of stroke, having diabetes, depression, heart disease and hearing impairment. The number of Australians with vision-related disability (283,650, 1.10%) and demand for O&M services (123,317, 0.48%) in 2020 will increase to 559,161 (1.38%) and 237,694 (0.59%) respectively in 2060. Conclusions The number of people with vision-related disability and in need of O&M services in Australia will grow exponentially over the coming decades. General health promotion and specific strategies of early detection and timely treatments of the major eye diseases may ameliorate the trend in vision-related disability.
- Published
- 2021
39. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of diabetes in Australian adults aged ≥45 years: A cohort study using linked routinely-collected data
- Author
-
Kris Rogers, Louisa Sukkar, Bette Liu, John Knight, Martin McNamara, Thomas Lung, Sophia Zoungas, Martin Gallagher, Hongmei Zhang, Amy Kang, David Peiris, Anna Campain, Carol A. Pollock, Elizabeth J Comino, Carinna Hockham, Clara K Chow, Min Jun, Meg Jardine, Celine Foote, Alan Cass, Tamara Young, David R. Sullivan, and Germaine Wong
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Administrative data ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Big data ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family history ,education ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:RC648-665 ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Risk factors ,Cohort ,Diabetes MELLITUS ,business ,Body mass index ,Demography ,Cohort study ,Research Paper - Abstract
Aims To use linked routinely-collected health data to estimate diabetes prevalence and incidence in an Australian cohort of adults aged ≥45 years, and examine risk factors associated with incident disease. Research design and methods The EXamining ouTcomEs in chroNic Disease in the 45 and Up Study (EXTEND45) Study is a linked data study that combines baseline questionnaire responses from the population-based 45 and Up Study (2006–2009, n = 267,153) with multiple routinely-collected health databases up to December 2014. Among participants with ≥1 linked result for any laboratory test, diabetes status was determined from multiple data sources according to standard biochemical criteria, use of glucose-lowering medication or self-report, and the prevalence and incidence rate calculated. Independent risk factors of incident diabetes were examined using multivariable Cox regression. Results Among 152,169 45 and Up Study participants with ≥1 linked laboratory result in the EXTEND45 database (mean age 63.0 years; 54.9% female), diabetes prevalence was 10.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.6%–10.9%). Incident disease in those without diabetes at baseline (n = 135,810; mean age 62.5 years; 56.1% female) was 10.0 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 9.8–10.2). In all age groups, diabetes incidence was lower in women compared to men, an association that persisted in the fully adjusted analyses. Other independent risk factors of diabetes were older age, being born outside of Australia (with the highest rate of 19.2 per 1,000 person-years observed in people born in South and Central Asia), lower education status, lower annual household income, residence in a major city, family history of diabetes, personal history of cardiovascular disease or hypertension, higher body mass index, smoking and long sleeping hours. Conclusions Our study represents an efficient approach to assessing diabetes frequency and its risk factors in the community. The infrastructure provided by the EXTEND45 Study will be useful for diabetes surveillance and examining other important clinical and epidemiological questions.
- Published
- 2020
40. Parental decision making about clinical trial enrollment: A survey of parents of children with Fragile X syndrome
- Author
-
Erin Turbitt, Celeste D'Amanda, Kris Rogers, Barbara B. Biesecker, and William M. P. Klein
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Decisional regret ,Adolescent ,Decision Making ,Dispositional optimism ,PsycINFO ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,Young Adult ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Applied Psychology ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Outcome measures ,medicine.disease ,Fragile X syndrome ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Fragile X Syndrome ,Female ,Public Health ,11 Medical and Health Sciences, 13 Education, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opportunities for patients to enroll in clinical trials for neurodevelopmental conditions are increasing. We studied what factors are associated with parents' decisional process to enroll their child in a clinical trial for a genetic neurodevelopmental condition (Fragile X syndrome). METHOD Parents (n = 354; mostly biological mothers of a child with Fragile X syndrome) were recruited through Fragile X syndrome advocacy groups. Parents reported attitudes about children in research, trust in child's doctor, threat resources (self-affirmation and dispositional optimism), and demographic and clinical characteristics in an online questionnaire. Three outcome measures assessed associations with these factors at different stages of the decision-making process. The three outcomes were (a) awareness about clinical trial opportunities, (b) enrollment decisions, and (c) decisional regret. RESULTS Parents who were positive about involving children in research were more aware of clinical trial opportunities (OR = 3.27, 95% CI [2.11, 5.07]), were more likely to have enrolled their child in a clinical trial (OR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.12, 2.56]), and reported lower levels of decisional regret (β = -8.95, 95% CI [-16.38, -1.52]). Parents with higher threat resources had considered enrolling their child in a clinical trial (OR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.02, 2.23]) and reported lower levels of decisional regret (β = -8.73, 95% CI [-17.36, -0.11]). Among parents with lower levels of trust in their child's doctor, higher threat resources were associated with higher enrollment (β = 0.60, 95% CI [0.12, 1.08]). CONCLUSIONS It may be possible to intervene on the factors (attitudes about children in research and threat resources) associated with clinical trial decision making to boost trial enrollment and promote informed decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2020
41. Effect of Hemodiafiltration on the Progression of Neuropathy with Kidney Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Anne Heath, Arun V. Krishnan, Carmel M. Hawley, Samantha Hand, Amy Kang, Thomas Bradbury, Julianne Green, Kim Grimley, Matthew C. Kiernan, Brendan Smyth, Vlado Perkovic, Amritendu Bhattacharya, Paul Snelling, Martin Gallagher, Kris Rogers, Jenny Burman, Ria Arnold, Mangalee Fernando, and Meg Jardine
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hemodiafiltration ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,law.invention ,End stage renal disease ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Interquartile range ,Renal Dialysis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Dialysis ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Editorials ,Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Nephrology ,Disease Progression ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Hemodialysis ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neuropathy is a common complication of kidney disease that lacks proven disease-modifying treatments. Hemodiafiltration improves clearance of uremic toxins and is associated with better nerve function than hemodialysis. We aimed to determine whether hemodiafiltration reduces the progression of neuropathy in people receiving hemodialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: The Filtration in the Neuropathy of End-Stage Kidney Disease Symptom Evolution (FINESSE) study was an open-label, blinded end point assessment, controlled trial that randomized maintenance hemodialysis recipients to hemodiafiltration or high-flux hemodialysis for 48 months or until death or cessation of dialysis at four study centers. The primary outcome was the mean change in the yearly modified total neuropathy score from baseline, with time points weighted equally. RESULTS: A total of 124 participants were randomized and followed for a mean of 41 months. At baseline, neuropathy was present in 91 (73%) participants (modified total neuropathy score greater than or equal to two), and 38 (31%) had moderate to severe neuropathy (modified total neuropathy score 9–28). Convection volume in the hemodiafiltration arm was a median of 24.7 (interquartile range, 22.4–26.5) L. The mean modified total neuropathy score (SEM) worsened by 1.7 (0.4)/28 and 1.2 (0.4)/28 in the hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis groups, respectively, with a mean difference of 0.5 (95% confidence interval, −0.7 to 1.7; P=0.37). There was no difference in survival (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 2.51; log rank P=0.55) or any of the prespecified adverse events. There was no difference between groups in the number of participants who suffered an adverse event adjusted by follow-up time (relative risk, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.32; P=0.68). CONCLUSIONS: Neuropathy is still a common complication of kidney disease without disease-altering therapy. Hemodiafiltration did not affect neuropathy progression compared with hemodialysis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER: Filtration in the Neuropathy of End-Stage Kidney Disease Symptom Evolution (FINESSE), ACTRN12609000615280
- Published
- 2020
42. Multifaceted intervention to reduce haemodialysis catheter related bloodstream infections: REDUCCTION stepped wedge, cluster randomised trial
- Author
-
Sradha Kotwal, Alan Cass, Sarah Coggan, Nicholas A Gray, Stephen Jan, Stephen McDonald, Kevan R Polkinghorne, Kris Rogers, Girish Talaulikar, Gian Luca Di Tanna, and Martin Gallagher
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,Renal Dialysis ,Catheter-Related Infections ,Incidence ,Sepsis ,Central Venous Catheters ,Humans ,General Medicine - Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify whether multifaceted interventions, or care bundles, reduce catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) from central venous catheters used for haemodialysis.DesignStepped wedge, cluster randomised design.Setting37 renal services across Australia.ParticipantsAll adults (age ≥18 years) under the care of a renal service who required insertion of a new haemodialysis catheter.InterventionsAfter a baseline observational phase, a service-wide, multifaceted intervention bundle that included elements of catheter care (insertion, maintenance, and removal) was implemented at one of three randomly assigned time points (12 at the first time point, 12 at the second, and 13 at the third) between 20 December 2016 and 31 March 2020.Main outcomes measureThe primary endpoint was the rate of CRBSI in the baseline phase compared with intervention phase at the renal service level using the intention-to-treat principle.Results1.14 million haemodialysis catheter days of use were monitored across 6364 patients. Patient characteristics were similar across baseline and intervention phases. 315 CRBSIs occurred (158 in the baseline phase and 157 in the intervention phase), with a rate of 0.21 per 1000 days of catheter use in the baseline phase and 0.29 per 1000 days in the intervention phase, giving an incidence rate ratio of 1.37 (95% confidence interval 0.85 to 2.21; P=0.20). This translates to one in 10 patients who undergo dialysis for a year with a catheter experiencing an episode of CRBSI.ConclusionsAmong patients who require a haemodialysis catheter, the implementation of a multifaceted intervention did not reduce the rate of CRBSI. Multifaceted interventions to prevent CRBSI might not be effective in clinical practice settings.Trial registrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000830493.
- Published
- 2022
43. Factors influencing duration of compensation following road traffic crash injury in older vs younger adults
- Author
-
Kris Rogers, Prue Vines, Lisa Keay, Ian D. Cameron, Katherine Brown, Rebecca Ivers, and Ha Nguyen
- Subjects
Community and Home Care ,business.industry ,Accidents, Traffic ,Australia ,Dominant factor ,Crash ,General Medicine ,Proxy (climate) ,Odds ,Increased risk ,Age groups ,Younger adults ,Compensation and Redress ,Humans ,Wounds and Injuries ,Medicine ,New South Wales ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Road traffic ,Aged ,Demography - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors independently associated with late claim closure, a proxy for recovery, in older (65+ years) compared to younger (17-64 years) adults following road traffic crash injury (RTI). METHODS Multivariable analysis of statewide compensation data from New South Wales (NSW), Australia, for NSW residents aged ≥17 years injured in a non-catastrophic RTI between July 2010 and June 2013 with finalised claims (n = 16 687). RESULTS Legal representation was the dominant factor independently associated with late claim closure in both age groups. However, the odds were doubly high for the younger group (younger: AOR 8.46, 95% CI 7.7-9.4; older: AOR 3.95, 95% CI 3.1-5.0). Median time to claim closure was shorter for older people. CONCLUSION Older (and younger) claimants with legal representation are at increased risk of late claim closure and can be readily identified within routinely collected compensation data, enabling delivery of targeted strategies or supports early in the claims process.
- Published
- 2020
44. Factors contributing to longer length of stay in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children hospitalised for burn injury
- Author
-
Tamara Mackean, Kurt Towers, Andrew J. A. Holland, Courtney Ryder, Kris Rogers, Rebecca Ivers, and Kate Hunter
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Burn injury ,Prognostic factors ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander ,Children ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Public health ,lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,lcsh:RC86-88.9 ,General Medicine ,Original Contribution ,Torres strait ,Length of stay ,Full thickness ,Biostatistics ,business ,Total body surface area ,Demography - Abstract
Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children have higher incidence, severity and hospital length of stay for their acute burn injuries than other Australian children. We examined factors contributing to longer length of stay for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with an acute burn injury. Methods Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand admissions of children Results A total of 723 children were identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and 6257 as other Australian. The median hospital length of stay for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (5 days [CI 5–6]) was 4 days longer than other Australian children (1 day [CI 1–2]). Remoteness, flame burns, high percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) and full thickness burns were factors associated with longer length of stay for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Similar prognostic factors were identified for other Australian children along with Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. infection. Conclusion Remoteness, flame burns, %TBSA, and full thickness burns are prognostic factors contributing to extended hospital length of stay for all Australian children. These factors are more prevalent in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, impacting length of stay. Treatment programs, clinical guidelines, and burns policies should engage with the unique circumstances of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children to mitigate inequities in health.
- Published
- 2020
45. Therapy escalation following an elevated HbA1c in adults aged 45 years and older living with diabetes in Australia: a real-world observational analysis
- Author
-
Carinna Hockham, Meg Jardine, Kris Rogers, Sophia Zoungas, Germaine Wong, Carol Pollock, David Peiris, Ji Hu, Alan Cass, Amy Kang, Anna Campain, Louisa Sukkar, Min Jun, Tamara Young, Jannah Baker, and Ying Xie
- Abstract
Stepwise escalation of glucose-lowering therapy to more intensive regimens is an integral component of type 2 diabetes management (1). Early blood glucose control is associated with beneficial effects on long-term micro- and macrovascular outcomes (2). Understanding factors associated with time to therapy escalation following an elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may inform interventions to facilitate timely control. We used linked real-world data to examine time to therapy escalation following a recorded HbA1c ≥8.0% (64 mmol/mol) and associated factors.
- Published
- 2020
46. Understanding implementation factors and participant experiences of a cluster randomised controlled trial to prevent falls among older Aboriginal people: a process evaluation protocol
- Author
-
Keziah Bennett-Brook, Tracey Ma, Anne Tiedemann, Roland Wilson, Georgia Stewart, Aaron Simon, Kathleen F Clapham, Kate Hunter, Anne-Marie Hill, Adam Howie, Kim Delbaere, Julieann Coombes, Kris Rogers, Rona Macniven, Josephine Gwynn, Caroline Lewis, Tamara Mackean, Rebecca Ivers, Madison Shakespeare, and Catherine Sherrington
- Subjects
Medical education ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Site manager ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Poison control ,Qualitative property ,Coaching ,Checklist ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Facilitator ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cluster randomised controlled trial ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,business ,Fall prevention - Abstract
Introduction Process evaluations examining programme implementation are often conducted in conjunction with effectiveness studies. Their inclusion in studies with Aboriginal participants can give an understanding of programme delivery in Aboriginal community contexts. The Ironbark: Standing Strong and Tall programme was codesigned with Aboriginal communities and includes exercise and facilitated ‘yarning’ discussion about fall risk and prevention strategies. The programme pilot showed favourable outcomes and acceptability for Aboriginal people aged 45 years and over. The Ironbark: Standing Strong and Tall programme is now being compared with a ‘Healthy Community’ programme in a cluster randomised controlled trial within Aboriginal health and community services. An embedded process evaluation aims to explore relationships between participation and programme outcomes and the quality of programme implementation. Methods and analysis The process evaluation will use a mixed methods design, guided by Indigenous research methodology. It will evaluate quantitative data (number of completed sessions, site coaching checklist tool, participant and facilitator questionnaire data and a participant habit formation scale), as well as qualitative data (open-ended responses from project and site staff and semistructured interviews using yarning with study participants and site managers). A programme logic model was developed to explain the intended inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes, which guided this process evaluation design. Conclusion This process evaluation of a fall prevention programme for older Aboriginal people using a mixed methods design and data triangulation will allow for a comprehensive understanding of study findings. Multiple study sites allow for generalisability of findings and exploration of variation across sites. Trial registration number ACTRN12619000349145.
- Published
- 2020
47. No evidence of a legacy effect on survival following randomization to extended hours dialysis in the ACTIVE Dialysis trial
- Author
-
Daqing Hong, Brendan Smyth, Alan Cass, Nicholas A Gray, Li Zuo, Jia Wang, Martin Gallagher, Meg Jardine, Kris Rogers, Christopher T. Chan, Vlado Perkovic, Active Dialysis Study Investigators, and Janak de Zoysa
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030232 urology & nephrology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,law.invention ,Time ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Renal Dialysis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Renal replacement therapy ,Lost to follow-up ,Dialysis ,Health Services Needs and Demand ,Duration of Therapy ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Australia ,Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ,Standard of Care ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Kidney Transplantation ,Survival Analysis ,Transplantation ,Nephrology ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Hemodialysis ,business - Abstract
Aim Extended hours haemodialysis is associated with superior survival to standard hours. However, residual confounding limits the interpretation of this observation. We aimed to determine the effect of a period of extended hours dialysis on long-term survival among participants in the ACTIVE Dialysis trial. Methods Two-hundred maintenance haemodialysis recipients were randomized to extended hours dialysis (median 24 h/wk) or standard hours dialysis (median 12 h/wk) for 12 months. Further pre-specified observational follow up occurred at 24, 36 and 60 months. Vital status and modality of renal replacement therapy were ascertained. Results Over the 5 years, 38 participants died, 30 received a renal transplant, and 6 were lost to follow up. Total weekly dialysis hours did not differ between standard and extended groups during the follow-up period (14.1 hours [95%CI 13.4-14.8] vs 14.8 hours [95%CI 14.1-15.6]; P = .16). There was no difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for extended hours 0.91 [95%CI 0.48-1.72]; P = .77). Similar results were obtained after censoring participants at transplantation, and after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Subgroup analysis did not reveal differences in treatment effect by region, dialysis setting or vintage (P-interaction .51, .54, .12, respectively). Conclusion Twelve months of extended hours dialysis did not improve long-term survival nor affect dialysis hours after the intervention period. An urgent need remains to further define the optimal dialysis intensity across the broad range of dialysis recipients.
- Published
- 2020
48. Incidence and Associations of Chronic Kidney Disease in Community Participants With Diabetes: A 5-Year Prospective Analysis of the EXTEND45 Study
- Author
-
Min Jun, Alan Cass, Germaine Wong, Louisa Sukkar, David Peiris, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Celine Foote, John Knight, Martin Gallagher, Brendon L. Neuen, Carol A. Pollock, Kris Rogers, Tamara Young, David R. Sullivan, Amy Kang, Carinna Hockham, and Meg Jardine
- Subjects
Research design ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Renal function ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Comorbidity ,Health Services Accessibility ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Epidemiology/Health Services Research ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,education ,Aged ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Australia ,Community Participation ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cohort ,Hypertension ,Female ,business ,Cohort study ,Kidney disease ,Glomerular Filtration Rate - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of and factors associated with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified people with diabetes in the EXamining ouTcomEs in chroNic Disease in the 45 and Up Study (EXTEND45), a population-based cohort study (2006–2014) that linked the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study cohort to community laboratory and administrative data in New South Wales, Australia. The study outcome was the first eGFR measurement RESULTS Of 9,313 participants with diabetes, 2,106 (22.6%) developed incident eGFR CONCLUSIONS In participants with diabetes, the incidence of an eGFR
- Published
- 2020
49. Cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the clinical and humanistic impact of a pharmacist-led minor ailment service
- Author
-
Victoria Garcia-Cardenas, Shalom I. Benrimoj, Kris Rogers, Sarah Dineen-Griffin, and Kylie A. Williams
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Visual analogue scale ,Pharmacist ,Pharmacy ,Community Pharmacy Services ,Minor (academic) ,1103 Clinical Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy ,Pharmacists ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cluster randomised controlled trial ,Pharmacies ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Australia ,Telephone ,Health Policy & Services ,business ,Quality use of medicines ,Self-medication - Abstract
BackgroundCommunity pharmacists are well positioned to support patients’ minor ailments. The objective was to evaluate the clinical and humanistic impact of a minor ailment service (MAS) in community pharmacy compared with usual pharmacist care (UC).MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. Intervention patients received MAS, which included a consultation with the pharmacist. MAS pharmacists were trained in clinical pathways and communication systems mutually agreed with general practitioners and received monthly support. Control patients received UC. All patients were followed up by telephone at 14 days. Clinical and humanistic impact were defined by primary (appropriate referral rate and appropriate non-prescription medicine rate) and secondary outcomes (clinical product-based intervention rate, referral adherence, symptom resolution, reconsultation and EuroQol EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS)).ResultsPatients (n=894) were recruited from 30 pharmacies and 82% (n=732) responded to follow-up. Patients receiving MAS were 1.5 times more likely to receive an appropriate referral (relative rate (RR)=1.51; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.11; p=0.018) and were five times more likely to adhere to referral, compared with UC (RR=5.08; 95%CI 2.02 to 12.79; p=0.001). MAS patients (94%) achieved symptom resolution or relief at follow-up, while this was 88% with UC (RR=1.06; 95% CI 1 to 1.13; p=0.035). MAS pharmacists were 1.2 times more likely to recommend an appropriate medicine (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3; p=0.000) and were 2.6 times more likely to perform a clinical product-based intervention (RR=2.62, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.38; p=0.009), compared with UC. MAS patients had a greater mean difference in VAS at follow-up (4.08; 95% CI 1.23 to 6.87; p=0.004). No difference in reconsultation was observed (RR=0.98; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.28; p=0.89).ConclusionThe study demonstrates improved clinical and humanistic outcomes with MAS. National implementation is a means to manage minor ailments more effectively in the Australian health system.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000286246.
- Published
- 2020
50. Therapy Escalation Following an Elevated HbA
- Author
-
Ying, Xie, Jannah, Baker, Tamara, Young, Min, Jun, Louisa, Sukkar, Anna, Campain, Amy, Kang, Alan, Cass, Ji, Hu, David, Peiris, Carol, Pollock, Germaine, Wong, Sophia, Zoungas, Kris, Rogers, Meg, Jardine, and Carinna, Hockham
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.