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In fairSTREAM, we propose a transdisciplinary research approach using a combination of qualitative and quantitative systems tools to explore challenges related to food, water and biodiversity (FWB), their cross-sectoral interlinkages and emerging aspects related to fairness in the Upper Bhima Basin (India). We do so by co-producing qualitative storylines with local stakeholders (e.g., farmers, NGOs, water managers, politicians) to address issues at and future developments of the FWB-nexus.

IT systems design and architecture have many similarities with the design of organisations and institutions. Both pay attention to social concepts such as rules, norms, and values. Justice is one of the key concepts that can be relevant for any institutional design from a systems perspective. This paper outlines an ontology of justice based on the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). We envisage that it can support designers in recognising and addressing the issues of justice during systems design and analysis, including elicitation of requirements, rules analysis, systems evaluation, and policy analysis.

The aim of this study was to determine association between constitutional, medical history and axiographic parameters with postural control parameters. Overall, 106 healthy female subjects aged between 21 and 30 years were measured. Data collection was carried out by completing a questionnaire on constitutional parameters, illnesses, accidents and medical/orthodontic therapies, as well as by axio- and posturographic measurements. Data were analyzed using correlations, pair comparisons and group comparisons. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. The statistical evaluation showed significant correlations between sporting exercise and body sway in the sagittal direction (p ≤ 0.03), the BMI and the load on the forefoot/rear foot (p ≤ 0.01), the mouth opening and the load on the forefoot/rearfoot (p ≤ 0.01) and the presence of a deviation with the load on the left/right foot (p ≤ 0.01). The physical condition as well as the temporo-mandibular system are associated with the postural control in young women. Therefore, a holistic diagnosis and therapy will be supported by the present outcomes.

Karin Asztély,1 Svenny Kopp,2 Christopher Gillberg,2 Margda Waern,3 Stefan Bergman1 1Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Medicine, Göteborg, Sweden; 2Gillberg Neuropsychiatric Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg, Sweden; 3Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg, SwedenCorrespondence: Karin AsztélyDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Medicine, Box 454, Göteborg S-405 30, SwedenTel +46 (0)700 207 580Fax +46 (0)31 778 17 04Email Karin.susanna.asztely@vgregion.sePurpose: To investigate the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a group of women, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in childhood.Patients and methods: Prospective longitudinal 16–19 years follow-up study of 100 Swedish females diagnosed with ASD and/or ADHD in childhood/adolescence. Seventy-seven of the women were included in the current sub-study, using validated measures of pain perception and quality of life.Results: A large majority of the women (76.6%) reported chronic pain. HRQoL was low overall and lower still for those reporting chronic pain. Women with ADHD who had ongoing treatment with stimulants reported a significant lower prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) than those not treated.Conclusion: Comorbidity with chronic pain is common in women with ASD and/or ADHD and important to address in the clinic since it is associated with an already low HRQoL. Treatment for ADHD might reduce the pain in some cases.Keywords: female, girls, attention deficit disorder, autism spectrum disorder, widespread pain, stimulants

Academic output on risk management in agriculture, particularly the behavior of farmers, has been growing exponentially over the past two decades. While farmers have always faced multiple types of risks, climate risks particularly drought are the most widespread and impactful. Social scientists have paid a lot of attention to identifying the underlying factors that promote risk reduction/adaptive behavior. Although multiple motivations have been identified, their effects on risk reduction remain ambiguous. Due to the context-specific nature of drought risk management, the role of individual perceptions, and the intensive data collection required, such studies can only be case studies at the national or sub-national levels. This review sets out to synthesize the findings of these studies focusing on drivers of farmer’s drought risk management, which in often is used synonymously or in an overlapping way with adaptive behavior to climate change. The review focuses on post-industrialized countries complemented with studies from BRICS countries, and summarizes diverse risk management strategies employed in the face of weather- and climate related risks.

So far, droughts have not been a main concern for high-income countries, including Austria. However, the effects of climate change will likely cause droughts to occur more frequently and with greater severity also in Austria particularly (Hochrainer-Stigler et al. 2018). Particularly Austrian farmers have frequently been affected by drought over the past decade, and scientific research predicts a continuation of this trend. Targeted efforts at relevant policymaking have been increasing in parallel in different sectors and domains, however, no concerted drought risk management strategies – neither for the agricultural sector nor at a cross sectoral level – are available. This working paper presents a survey that we designed and conducted to investigate Austrian cropping farmers’ perceptions of and experiences with drought risk and its management. The aim was to inform policy making at different levels to design both targeted and integrated drought risk management strategies. The working paper includes a description of the data collection process and the survey design, as well as a detailed characterization of the sample and the data collected. This document thus highlights the main findings of the survey and serves as a background document for further, more detailed analysis. The work presented is part of the ACRP-funded FARM project. For more information on the project, please consult www.iiasa.ac.at/farm. For more information on the conceptual context as well as Austrian governance landscape for drought see Hanger-Kopp and Palka 2020

International audience; Drinking water supply networks are essential for the economic activity of territories, for their attractiveness and for the well-being of inhabitants. Maintaining a high performance of service over time requires taking into consideration many variables such as ageing infrastructures, demographic changes, socioeconomic dynamics and climate change consequences. In this context, Water Infrastructures Asset Management (WIAM) faces several challenges. This article presents the results of an original forecasting approach based on an interdisciplinary research carried out by a group of engineering and social scientists, and stakeholders. The main objective was to design various possible pathways for the future of a French territory and craft scenarios for WIAM strategies to 2070. The article describes first the main issues WIAM is facing in a global change context. Second we present the original forecasting method used. Third we expose the results and particularly the four prospective scenarios that describe the possible pathways of WIAM by 2070. Fourth scenarios are applied to four case studies in order to build prospective infrastructure needs scenarios. And finally we propose their implications for WIAM strategies and discuss the benefits and limits of such an approach to improve water management.

In this working paper we present the findings from an expert workshop on integrated drought risk management (DRM) for the Austrian agricultural sector, with a focus on crop farming. We argue that the nature of most DRM measures, which serve several purposes besides addressing drought risk such as soil management, requires an integrated approach, considering risk management efforts from actors beyond the farm level. Thus, the main objective was to identify synergies and trade-offs between decision areas from plant production to trade, across the spectrum of public, private and third sector actors. We describe the expert elicitation process including the workshop design and pre- and post-workshop procedure. We had limited success encouraging systems thinking in this process and highlight the potential for developing such methods further. Most importantly, however, our findings intend to inform deliberations on holistic and integrated DRM, with the aim of achieving greater policy coherence in relevant decision areas, and ultimately, enabling greater societal drought resilience. While on-farm production-based DRM is well advanced, the links (synergies and trade-offs) to related areas of decision making such as trade, spatial planning, and transport need to be better understood.

1. Theme Drought is increasingly becoming an issue in Austria, both in regions with a traditionally arid climate, and elsewhere. Farmers operate in a very complex decision space between nature, market and public regulation, and drought risk is only one among many threats they have to manage. Indeed, only few risk management options are available that directly address drought, such as irrigation, and many more, which reduce drought risk as a positive side-effect, such as certain tillage practices. It is thus interesting to understand the role droughts play in the intricate management of a farm; the strategies farmers apply to manage potential negative impacts; as well as the underlying drivers. Beyond economic factors, empirical research suggests risk perception and personal coping capacity as influential to adaptive behavior. Personal values and worldviews additionally shape behavior in the face of complex decisions. At the same time the available private and public offers supporting risk management may be decisive for ultimate strategic behavior. This is relevant for developing sustainable, effective, and socially acceptable policies that reflect the heterogeneous profiles of Austrian farmers. 2. Method We conducted over 40 face-to-face interviews with farmers, following a semi-structured interview protocol. The aim was to collect detailed individual narratives on risk management strategies, and underlying motivations, with a specific focus on the role of droughts. Moreover, we intended to identify perceptions and preferences with respect to public and private policies and risk management instruments, particularly subsidized drought insurance. Better than standardized methods semi-structured interviews are suited to explore the details and nuances of farmer’s choices with respect to risk management, which often are decisive when choices need to be made. They allow us to collect more intricate information, which we need to deduce worldviews. Such methods are particularly important for emerging policy issues, which are insufficiently understood, in this case drought risk management, which are insufficiently understood in countries. The geographical focus of the data collection is on the Northeast and East of Austria. The farm-level study is embedded in an analysis of relevant regional, national, and EU agricultural policy relying on document analysis, and key-informant interviews. 3. Results Currently, drought is still not a major concern of Austrian farmers, such as most weather and climate related risks, which have been part of farm-live and risk management for a long time. It is therefore difficult to identify all relevant direct and indirect risks management mechanisms, as many are not perceived as such. Most certainly, we can identify a trend in crop selection and diversification that reflects increasingly common choices for more heat tolerant crops, such as sorghum, or crops avoiding dry periods, such as winter crops. Moreover, sustainable soil management is widely practiced. Financial instruments for risk management, including insurance, are not actively sought and employed, particularly not by small farmers. Especially in the case of droughts, insurance is nothing farmers rely on. Reference values and calculation methods for drought compensation seem to be unsatisfactory for all farmers. As a consequence, public support will have to go beyond risk financing tools. However, to date drought has played only a marginal role in agricultural policy. Identifying the relevant entry points, synergies and trade-offs for drought risk management remains an important task. Public and private actors need to coordinate, and promote available management options, and follow-up with adequate support.

This research investigates whether (female and male) virtual negotiators experience a social backlash during negotiations with an economical outcome when they are using a negotiation style that is congruent with the opposite gender. An interactive turn-based negotiation using a virtual agent as employee is used in an experiment with 93 participants. Results show that the effect of gender on negotiation outcome and social backlash was less pronounced in this experiment than expected based on existing literature. Nevertheless, the results found provide several interesting pointers for follow-up research.

Background: The FAST (food allergy-specific immunotherapy) project aims at developing safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy for fish allergy, using recombinant hypoallergenic carp parvalbumin, Cyp c 1. Objectives: Preclinical characterization and good manufacturing practice (GMP) production of mutant Cyp (mCyp) c 1. Methods:Escherichia coli-produced mCyp c 1 was purified using standard chromatographic techniques. Physicochemical properties were investigated by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Allergenicity was assessed by ImmunoCAP inhibition and basophil histamine release assay, immunogenicity by immunization of laboratory animals and stimulation of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Reference molecules were purified wild-type Cyp c 1 (natural and/or recombinant). GMP-compliant alum-adsorbed mCyp c 1 was tested for acute toxicity in mice and rabbits and for repeated-dose toxicity in mice. Accelerated and real-time protocols were used to evaluate stability of mCyp c 1 as drug substance and drug product. Results: Purified mCyp c 1 behaves as a folded and stable molecule. Using sera of 26 double-blind placebo-controlled food-challenge-proven fish-allergic patients, reduction in allergenic activity ranged from 10- to 5,000-fold (1,000-fold on average), but with retained immunogenicity (immunization in mice/rabbits) and potency to stimulate human PBMCs. Toxicity studies revealed no toxic effects and real-time stability studies on the Al(OH)3-adsorbed drug product demonstrated at least 20 months of stability. Conclusion: The GMP drug product developed for treatment of fish allergy has the characteristics targeted for in FAST: i.e. hypoallergenicity with retained immunogenicity. These results have warranted first-in-man immunotherapy studies to evaluate the safety of this innovative vaccine.

In pragmatic multimodality, modal (pragmatic) information is conveyed multimodally by cues in gesture, facial expressions, head movements and prosody. We observed these cues in natural interaction data. They can convey positive and negative focus, in that they emphasise or de-emphasise a piece of information, and they can convey uncertainty. In this work, we test the effects on perception and recall in a human user, when those cues are carried out by a virtual human. The nonverbal behaviour of the virtual human was modelled using motion capture data and ensured a fully multimodal appearance. Results of the study show that the virtual human was perceived as very competent and as saying something important. A special case of de-emphasising cues led to lower content recall.

It is still unclear whether allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) with birch pollen improves birch pollen-related food allergy. One reason for this may be the lack of standardized tests to assess clinical reactions to birch pollen-related foods, for example apple. We tested the applicability of recombinant (r) Mal d 1, the Bet v 1-homolog in apple, for oral challenge tests. Increasing concentrations of rMal d 1 in 0.9% NaCl were sublingually administered to 72 birch pollen-allergic patients with apple allergy. The dose of 1.6 μg induced oral allergy syndromes in 26.4%, 3.2 μg in 15.3%, 6.3 μg in 27.8%, 12.5 μg in 8.3%, 25 μg in 11.1%, and 50 μg in 4.2% of the patients. No severe reactions occurred. None of the patients reacted to 0.9% NaCl alone. Sublingual administration of 50 μg of rMal d 1 induced no reactions in three nonallergic individuals. Our approach allows straight forward, dose-defined sublingual challenge tests in a high number of birch pollen-allergic patients that inter alia can be applied to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of birch pollen AIT on birch pollen-related food allergy.

Recently disaster risk insurance has received increasing attention scrutinizing its capacity to serve other purposes than transferring risk. The main objective pursued by many policy makers, economists and insurers is to create more efficient systems able to foster risk reduction by means of risk-based premiums. At the same time, government involvement is a frequent practice in disaster insurance schemes, in order to make them economically feasible. Public involvement however, requires for an insurance arrangement to not only be economically, but also socially feasible. It is thus important to explore the implications of different design choices in public-private insurance arrangements both for their efficiency and potential to foster risk reduction and equity (distributive justice). What do these terms mean in the context of disaster insurance? I will present results from a top-down study of 20 national insurance arrangements across the Western world, as well as three European bottom-up case studies. These will help illustrating the potential trade-offs between these two and other objectives. Our findings show, that there are ways to achieve both objectives, although not necessarily by means of risk-based pricing. Questions remain as to the applicability of our results under different economic, cultural and political circumstances.

We have studied charmless hadronic decays of B mesons into two-body final states with kaons and pions and observe three new processes with the following branching fractions: beta(B-->pi(+)pi(-)) = (4.3(+1. 6)(-1.4)+/-0.5)x10(-6), beta(B-->K(0)pi(0)) = (14.6(+5.9+2.4)(-5.1-3. 3))x10(-6), and beta(B-->K(+)/-pi(0)) = (11.6(+3.0+1.4)(-2.7-1.3))x10(-6). We also update our previous measurements for the decays B-->K(+)/-pi(-/+) and B+/--->K(0)pi(+/-).

Using data taken with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we present the first full angular analysis in the color-suppressed modes B0 → J/ψ K*0 and B+ → J/ψ K*+. This leads to a complete determination of the decay amplitudes of these modes including the longitudinal polarization TL/Γ = 0.52 ± 0.07 ± 0.04 and the P wave component |P|2 = 0.16 ± 0.08 ± 0.04. In addition, we update the branching fractions for B → J/ψ K and B → J/ψ K*.

We report results of a search for the rare radiative decay B̄0 → D0γ. Using 9.66 × 10 6 BB̄ meson pairs collected with the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we set an upper limit on the branching ratio for this decay of 5.0× 10-5 at 90% C.L. This provides evidence that the anomalous enhancement is absent in W-exchange processes and that weak, radiative B decays are dominated by the short-distance b → sγ mechanism in the standard model. © 2000 The American Physical Society.

We report the results of a search for the rare baryonic decay modes B0→ΛΛ̄, B+→Λ̄p, B0→Λ̄pπ-, and B0→pp̄ (and their charge conjugate states) using 5.8 × 106 BB̄ pairs collected with the CLEO detector. We see no statistically significant signals in any of these modes and set 90% confidence level upper limits on their branching fractions, B(B0→ΛΛ̄)

We present a measurement of the absolute branching fraction for D0 → K-π+ using the reconstruction of the decay chain B̄ → D*+Xl-ν̄, D0π+where only the lepton and the low-momentum pion from the D*+ are detected. With data collected by the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have determined B(D0 → K- π+ = [3.81 ± 0.15(stat) ± 0.16(syst)]%.

Using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 3.9 fb-1 collected in e+e annihilation with the CLEO-II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have measured the branching ratios for the decay modes D+s → (η,η′)π+ and D+s →(η,η′)ρ+ relative to D+s → φπ+. These decay modes are among the most common hadronic decays of the D+s, and can be related by factorization to the semileptonic decays D+s →(η,η′)ℓ+νl. The results obtained are compared with previous CLEO results and with the branching ratios measured for the related semileptonic decays. We also report results on the Cabibbo-suppressed decays of the D+ to the same final states.

We have studied charmless hadronic decays of B mesons into two-body final states with kaons and pions and observe three new processes with the following branching fractions: ℬ(B → π+π-) = (4.3-1.4+1.6 ± 0.5) × 10-6, ℬ(B → K0π0) = (14.6-5.1-3.3+5.9+2.4) × 10-6, and ℬ(B → K±π0) = (11.6-2.7-1.3+3.0+1.4) × 10-6. We also update our previous measurements for the decays B → K±π∓ and B± → K0π±. © 2000 The American Physical Society.

We have observed four fully reconstructed B0 → D*+D*- candidates in 5.8 × 106 Υ(4S) → BB̄ decays recorded with the CLEO detector. The background is estimated to be 0.31 ± 0.10 events. The probability that the background could produce four or more signal candidates with the observed distribution among D*+ and D*- decay modes is 1.1 × 10-4. The measured decay rate, B(B0 → D*+D*-) = [6.2-2.9+4.0(stat) ± 1.0(syst)] × 10-4, is large enough for this decay mode to be of interest for the measurement of a time-dependent CP asymmetry. © 1999 The American Physical Society.

Using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 3.9 fb-1 collected in e+e- annihilation with the CLEO-II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have measured the branching ratios for the decay modes Ds+→(η,η′)π+ and Ds+→(η,η′)ρ+ relative to Ds+→φ+. These decay modes are among the most common hadronic decays of the Ds+ , and can be related by factorization to the semileptonic decays Ds+ →(η,η′)ℓ+νl. The results obtained are compared with previous CLEO results and with the branching ratios measured for the related semileptonic decays. We also report results on the Cabibbo-suppressed decays of the D+ to the same final states. © 1998 The American Physical Society.

Using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 3.9 fb collected in e e annihilation with the CLEO-II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have measured the branching ratios for the decay modes D → (η,η′)π and D →(η,η′)ρ relative to D → φπ . These decay modes are among the most common hadronic decays of the D , and can be related by factorization to the semileptonic decays D →(η,η′)ℓ ν . The results obtained are compared with previous CLEO results and with the branching ratios measured for the related semileptonic decays. We also report results on the Cabibbo-suppressed decays of the D to the same final states.

Using 13.7 fb(-1) of data recorded by the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we investigate the spectrum of charmed baryons which decay into Lambda+(c)pi(-)pi(+) and are more massive than the Lambda+(c)(2625) baryon. We find evidence for two new states: one is broad and has an invariant mass roughly 480 MeV above that of the Lambda+(c) baryon; the other is narrow with an invariant mass of 596+/-1+/-2 MeV above the Lambda+(c) mass.

Using a 4.19 fb-1 data sample collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have searched for dipion transitions between pairs of Y resonances at center of mass energies Ec.m. = 10.58 GeV and Ec.m. = 10.52GeV. We obtain the 90% confidence level upper limits B(Υ(4S) →Υ (2S) π+π-)

The CLEO detector is undergoing major improvements in conjunction with a high luminosity upgrade of the CESR e(+)e(-) collider. A novel element is a state of the art particle identification system, based on a proximity focused Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector. This detector will provide an excellent hadron identification at all the momenta relevant to the study of the decays of B mesons produced at the Upsilon(4S) resonance. Some features unique to our design will be discussed together with some results achieved on individual components. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

We have measured the CP asymmetry A(CP) identical with[gamma(b-->sgamma)-gammab-->sgamma)]/[gamma(b-->sgamma)+gamma(b-->sgamma)] to be A(CP) = (-0.079+/-0.108+/-0.022) (1.0+/-0.030), implying that, at 90% confidence level, A(CP) lies between -0.27 and +0.10. These limits rule out some extreme non-standard-model predictions, but are consistent with most, as well as with the standard model.

Microgravity induces three-dimensional (3D) growth in numerous cell types. Despite substantial efforts to clarify the underlying mechanisms for spheroid formation, the precise molecular pathways are still not known. The principal aim of this paper is to compare static 1g-control cells with spheroid forming (MCS) and spheroid non-forming (AD) thyroid cancer cells cultured in the same flask under simulated microgravity conditions. We investigated the morphology and gene expression patterns in human follicular thyroid cancer cells (UCLA RO82-W-1 cell line) after a 24 h-exposure on the Random Positioning Machine (RPM) and focused on 3D growth signaling processes. After 24 h, spheroid formation was observed in RPM-cultures together with alterations in the F-actin cytoskeleton. qPCR indicated more changes in gene expression in MCS than in AD cells. Of the 24 genes analyzed VEGFA, VEGFD, MSN, and MMP3 were upregulated in MCS compared to 1g-controls, whereas ACTB, ACTA2, KRT8, TUBB, EZR, RDX, PRKCA, CAV1, MMP9, PAI1, CTGF, MCP1 were downregulated. A pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated genes code for proteins, which promote 3D growth (angiogenesis) and prevent excessive accumulation of extracellular proteins, while genes coding for structural proteins are downregulated. Pathways regulating the strength/rigidity of cytoskeletal proteins, the amount of extracellular proteins, and 3D growth may be involved in MCS formation.

This paper describes the hardware and operations of the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam at Fermilab. It elaborates on the design considerations for the beam as a whole and for individual elements. The most important design details of individual components are described. Beam monitoring systems and procedures, including the tuning and alignment of the beam and NuMI long-term performance, are also discussed. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Background: The FAST (food allergy-specific immunotherapy) project aims at developing safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy for fish allergy, using recombinant hypoallergenic carp parvalbumin, Cyp c 1. Objectives: Preclinical characterization and good manufacturing practice (GMP) production of mutant Cyp (mCyp) c 1. Methods:Escherichia coli-produced mCyp c 1 was purified using standard chromatographic techniques. Physicochemical properties were investigated by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Allergenicity was assessed by ImmunoCAP inhibition and basophil histamine release assay, immunogenicity by immunization of laboratory animals and stimulation of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Reference molecules were purified wild-type Cyp c 1 (natural and/or recombinant). GMP-compliant alum-adsorbed mCyp c 1 was tested for acute toxicity in mice and rabbits and for repeated-dose toxicity in mice. Accelerated and real-time protocols were used to evaluate stability of mCyp c 1 as drug substance and drug product. Results: Purified mCyp c 1 behaves as a folded and stable molecule. Using sera of 26 double-blind placebo-controlled food-challenge-proven fish-allergic patients, reduction in allergenic activity ranged from 10-to 5,000-fold (1,000-fold on average), but with retained immunogenicity (immunization in mice/rabbits) and potency to stimulate human PBMCs. Toxicity studies revealed no toxic effects and real-time stability studies on the Al(OH)3-adsorbed drug product demonstrated at least 20 months of stability. Conclusion: The GMP drug product developed for treatment of fish allergy has the characteristics targeted for in FAST: i.e. hypoallergenicity with retained immunogenicity. These results have warranted first-in-man immunotherapy studies to evaluate the safety of this innovative vaccine. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Speakers in all cultures and ages use gestures as they speak (i.e., cospeech gestures). There have been different views in the literature with regard to whether and how a specific type of gestures speakers use, i.e., iconic gestures, interacts with language processing. Here I review evidence showing that iconic gestures are not produced merely from the spatial and/or motoric imagery but from an in interface representation of imagistic and linguistic representation during online speaking Similarly, for comprehension, neuroimaging and behavioral studies indicate that speech and gesture influences semantic processing of each other during online comprehension. These findings show overall that processing of information in both modalities interacts during both comprehension and production of language arguing against models that propose independent processing of each modality. They also have implications for AI models that aim to simulate cospeech gesture use in conversational agents.

Using 4.68 fb^{-1} of e^+e^- annihilation data collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) we have studied tau radiative decays tau -> mu nu nu gamma and tau -> e nu nu gamma. For a 10 MeV minimum photon energy in the tau rest frame, the branching fraction of radiative tau decay to a muon or electron is measured to be (3.61+-0.16+-0.35)*10^{-3} or (1.75+-0.06+-0.17)*10^{-2}, respectively. The branching fractions are in agreement with the Standard Model theoretical predictions., 11 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS