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The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of technology, and social, economic, and legal effects on climate-friendly transport. A model is created to identify the relationships between important factors that are creating the concept of climate-friendly transport. Structural equation modelling was used to identify the relationships between 21 measured influencing factors and four latent constructs: technology, legislative, and socioeconomic factors, and green transportation as abstract concepts used to group them. The relationships between all of the measured factors and constructs are calculated indicating the correlations, regression, and covariance between all elements of the study. The relationships between the abstract concepts and factors are calculated. The results of this research will improve insight into all environmentally friendly transport-influencing factors and concepts.

Port terminals, as the starting and ending points of the technological process in the transport of goods, are also logistic centers for the provision of services of loading/unloading and storage of goods. Improving the process of transporting goods and achieving competitiveness is not possible without quality port service and customer satisfaction with the service provided, and reduction of traffic congestion and environmental pollution within the guards in which the ports are positioned. The aim of this scientific research was to analyze, using scientific methodology, the factors influencing the assessment of port service quality and intermodality in the Port of Rijeka and to develop a model for port service quality assessment by implementing fuzzy logic. The model was tested by simulation based on the evaluation of the criteria of influential parameters with inaccurate and indeterminate input data. The test results provide an assessment of the quality provided by port service and intermodality. The results of the research will be used to improve the transport service planning process in order to achieve greater competitiveness of the port.

Luka Vukovar i Luka Osijek najznačajnije su luke u kojima se ostvaruje promet na unutarnjim plovnim putovima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Riječne luke doprinose gospodarskom razvoju RH sudjelujući u ukupno ostvarenom teretnom i putničkom prometu. U ovom radu analizirati će se temeljne značajke riječnog prometa u RH te tehničko-tehnološke značajke Luke Vukovar i Luke Osijek. Cilj ovoga rada je, analizom dostupnih podataka, prikazati postojeće stanje, tendencije daljnjeg razvoja riječnih luka u RH te mogućnosti povećanja prometa riječnih luka boljom integracijom u Europski sustav unutarnjih plovnih putova.

Port activities are of great importance in the European Union. In recent times, digitalization of the port business is increasingly present. As technology develops, and the global supply chain becomes increasingly digital, ports are adapting their activities and business models by implementing digital technologies. Thus, ports are becoming ''digital nodes''. The Smart Port model is considered to be the most prominent for the future development of the ports. The European Union institutions and organizations strive to provide the administrative and funding support, to keep up the pace with changes in the port business and implementation of the Smart Port model. In this paper, the role of relevant European Union institutions and organizations in Smart Port implementation is researched. The authors present a review of the relevant EU policies and funding for the implementation of the Smart Port initiatives/projects. Furthermore, the authors present examples of the Smart Port projects.

Ro-Ro technology is freight technology which originated in the 19th century, and which has undergone major development since the Second World War. As the name indicates, a special ramp is used to “roll on” and “roll off” the cargo from and onto the vessel. A Ro-Ro terminal consists of the following elements: a gate, gamma-ray station, weighbridges as well as waiting areas. Since the cargo is loaded and unloaded “on wheels”, logistics services play a major role in Ro-Ro terminal, and complement port operations, distinguishing between the export and import stream. The flow of export and import stream is oppositional. The export starts at the gate of the terminal, while import begins when the vessel is moored. The import and export processes complete a perfect functioning cycle within the port areas. This paper aims at establishing which logistics processes yield maximum efficiency and exploitation of the potential of Ro-Ro terminals. Research results indicate advantages and disadvantages of Ro-Ro technology and how prompt and reliable port services can be ensured.

Vizualizacija mogućnosti modeliranja i simulacija prometnih usluga primjenom informacijskih tehnologija.

Mariculture in the Republic of Croatia has a long tradition and as such it includes cultivation of white fish, blue fish and shellfish. An interesting fact is that breeding in Europe has started just on teritory of Republic Croatia and as such it has maintained until today. By joining the European Union membership, numerous opportunities are available for further development and progress of this activity. Republic of Croatia has made National Strategic Development Plan of Fishing according to the regulations of Council Regulation (EZ) num. 1198/2006 about the European Fund for Fishing in which are given strategic and development guidelines for this activity for a period from 2014 to 2020, in harmony with a common fisheries policy. Aim and purpose of this work is to analyze current state of mariculture in the Republic of Croatia and to compaire this activity with other countries in the European Union. Also, the aim of this work is to estimate perspectives of development as well as positioning mariculture in Republic of Croatia within the framework of European Union member states.

The quality of transport service is conditioned by the development of the transport system and the transport infrastructure, which has a direct impact on the economic development of a country or region. The need for improving technical-technological features of the transport route and transport infrastructure has been implemented in national and international traffic strategies with a view to the long-term development of the transport system. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to determine the technical and technological features of the transport routes and their impact on the quality of the service on the appropriate transport route in order to meet the users’ requirements. This paper deals with technical and technological features and the possibility of applying modern transport technologies on the part of the transport route Vb (Zagreb - Rijeka), thus significantly increasing the efficiency, speed and quality of the transport service. The results of the conducted research aim to point out the advantages and disadvantages of Zagreb - Rijeka route, considering its technical and technological features in order to improve the transport service quality.

The present global logistics market differs significantly from the traditional freight forwarding market. Traditionally speaking, the freight forwarding market was predictable and influenced by volume and intensity of global trade, dynamics growth, GDP, industrial production, actual customer and consumer expectations and other relevant indicators. Current logistics market is susceptible to hurried changes and today we can recognize many actual trends in environments which extremely define competitiveness of logistics operators on the global market. Some of them are: sustainable development, fourth industrial revolution, internet of things, digitalization, alliances, great logistics operators against small ones, new customer and consumer expectations. The mentioned terms define a new concept of the logistics freight forwarding operator’s services which has a direct impact on the service quality. Therefore, the main problem in this paper is to analyze and determine the actual indicators of the logistics freight forwarding operator’s service on the competitive logistics market. The aim of this paper is to analyze and provide answers to some of the main questions such as: Which of the actual trends will determine the service quality and competitive perspective of the logistics freight forwarding operator? Which indicators will have a dominant influence on the service quality of the logistics freight forwrding operators? How can these service quality indicators be evaluated and measured? What have the logistics freight forwarding operators to do in the context of these actual trends and environment?

In accordance with the European Union transport policy, external costs have become a new and important factor in cargo flows formation. Shifting the freight from road to railway in order to decrease the external costs is one of the consequences of implementing such a policy. By incorporating the Port of Rijeka into the Adriatic Baltic Transport Corridor, the railway section of the Rijeka-Pivka corridor has gained first-rate significance. Considering external costs, shifting a part of cargo from the corridor section Koper-Divača onto the Rijeka- Pivka section, and modernization the railway of the latter one, has become the common interest of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia. The increase of cargo flows intensity on this railway route, based on the principles of green logistics, would inevitably lead to the same effects at the Koper-Pivka railway route. Such development would not jeopardize the competitiveness of the Port of Koper, on the contrary, the cargo flows through Slovenia would increase in a short-term period. This approach means a practical realization of the interests for the EU members countries on the Baltic-Adriatic corridor and efforts of the European transport policy, which takes into account the external costs as an innovative approach to the creation of the “green corridors”.

The range of charter services has considerably grown in the Republic of Croatia over the past years. Such a trend indicates further growth in demand for charter services as well as the increase of service interference and coordination activities between nautical tourism ports and charter companies. The purpose of this paper is to identify the areas of interference between charter and nautical service production processes and to determine the significance of service quality in achieving nautical tourism ports competitiveness. The areas of interference have been identified through the nature and facilities of the nautical services that have been researched and described in scientific literature, and the nature and facilities of the charter services that have been examined through the analysis of the management of charter agency Croatia Yachting. The produced research results indicate that the quality of charter services provided in the nautical tourism ports significantly affects their competitiveness in the nautical market.

Sea ports are the key segment of the traffic and economic development of sea countries. Pan-European transport corridors include the most important sea ports and sea routes. They are an extension of existing land corridors. The most important and most promising crossings of traffic corridors between the Central European, Pannonian and Adriatic areas, with the naturally shortest traffic routes directed towards Croatian sea ports are the Corridor 5B ( (Rijeka-Zagreb-Budapest) and Corridor 5C (Ploče-Sarajevo-Osijek-Budapest). The primary purpose of this work is to enquire into the importance of existing trading conditions and new investment undertakings in the context of increase in competitiveness of the ports of Rijeka and Ploče. Authors' attention is particularly directed to the construction of new port terminals to increase the traffic potentials of Croatian sea ports. The formed conception with its characteristics, the methodology applied, and research results represent the quality starting points in determining a uniform port policy of the Republic of Croatia within the European traffic system.

Morske luke su ključni podsustav pomorskog i prometnog sustava i akcelerator prometnih tokova i razvitka brojnih gospodarskih djelatnosti zemlje. Sve veći obujam pomorskog kontejnerskog prometa uvelike uvjetuje primjenu suvremenih tehnologija prekrcaja kontejnera u lukama i implementaciju novih tehničkih rješenja. Efikasnost kontejnerskog terminala uz brojne čimbenike ogleda se i u ispravnoj procjeni potrebnih prekrcajnih sredstava i potrebnih prekrcajnih kapaciteta. U ovom radu autori analiziraju kontejnerske terminale luka Rijeka, Ploče i Kopar, pri čemu poseban naglasak daju analizi i ocjeni postojećeg stanja prekrcajnih kapaciteta navedenih terminala. Cilj je ovog rada prikazati komparativnu analizu postojećeg stanja prekrcajnih kapaciteta i tendencije razvitka navedenih terminala.

Reforma sustava visokog obrazovanja potaknuta je potrebom stvaranja jedinstvenog europskog prostora visokog obrazovanja s ciljem razvoja nove dimenzije europskoga društva i Europe znanja. Kao dio reforme, poduzete su mjere i uvedeni mehanizmi za osiguravanje i unapređenje kvalitete visokog obrazovanja. Temelj za uspostavu i provođenje osiguravanja kvalitete u Republici Hrvatskoj je Bolonjska deklaracija, a temeljni dokument u tom kontekstu Standardi i smjernice za osiguravanje kvalitete u Europskom prostoru visokog obrazovanja. Svrha je ovog rada ukazati na važnost Bolonjskog procesa u funkciji osiguravanja kvalitete visokog obrazovanja u Republici Hrvatskoj, kao temeljne misije u izgradnji društva znanja i gospodarstva u cjelini. U skladu s navedenim, cilj ovog rada je prikazati napredak u provedbi Bolonjskog procesa kroz promicanje mobilnosti studenata i nastavnika, uspostavu sustava praćenja kvalitete te promicanje europske suradnje.

The subject of this paper is to determine the fundamental factors of the quality of maritime transport services and analyse them, all with the aim of meeting the requirements of service users. These factors determine the quality of desired service results amd must be in accordance with the policy of quality that is set at the level of a maritime organization, region or maritime countries in general. Contemporary economic turmoil, the process of globalization, the instability of the world market and the continued pressure of competition lead to strict requirements in terms of quality of services and the creation of the concept of a systematic and managerial approach within the system of maritime transport. The contribution of this work is reflected in the implementation of a systematic approach as the key condition for research and analysis of the factors of quality of maritime transport services in the complex and dynamic system of maritime transport, whose main purpose is to meet the needs and the demands of service users and all participants in the maritime business.

The main objective of this paper is to carry out an analysis of LNG cargo transfer at intermediate locations. Two different ship designs are used for the analysis. In ship-to-ship transfer concept (STS), cargo transfer is performed side-by-side providing a relatively easy and to some extent proven alternative of cargo transfer between two different types/designs of LNG carriers. Shuttle ships should be dimensioned so as to be able to feed the transportation programme, and specifically equipped for ship-to-ship operations. Specially designed cargo equipment on one of the ships could use proven techniques to produce ongoing results on ordinary sized transfer lines. Such an arrangement, e.g. four loading arms, one of which is used for vapour, would represent a considerable investment onboard any ship. Typically, such arms would still be exposed to the relatively high heat transfer through their non-insulated parts as the liquid flows. One of the economic shortcomings is the loss of cargo during the cargo transfer due to an increased boil-off and flash gas. There are no published figures available regarding the cargo loss, but it is assumed to be excessive.

The aim of the study is the comparison of the maritime and transport policies of the EU and the Republic of Croatia, with reference to the usage of the seaborne and inland water traffic as well as the rail traffic as safer, more cost effective, resource efficient and acceptable branches of traffic. To enable fast, efficient and cost effective movement of goods is the central principle of the EU, aimed at dynamic economy and cohesive society. Owing to the elimination of state borders within the EU member states, the volume of over-the-border long distance trade and travelling has grown both in terms of goods and passengers, thus having caused an uneven usage of different traffic branches. With an increasingly growing environmental awareness, great importance has been attached to the usage of more acceptable traffic branches and to the relief in road and airborne traffic that had experienced significant development in the past decade. Rail, inland water and seaborne traffic branches have been leading as the most acceptable environment friendly and economical traffic branches. The EU traffic and maritime strategies being aimed at improving the rail and inland water traffic, the development of the traffic and maritime strategies of the Republic of Croatia should take the same direction as well. Using a comparative analysis of different traffic branches within the transport systems of the EU and the Republic of Croatia, the study aims at pointing to the advantages attaching to the rail and inland water traffic.

The research subject of this paper deals with comparing the seaports of Rijeka and Koper in terms of equipment and productivity of container terminals. New transhipment capacities, optimal acceptance quality at container terminals directly affect the developing growth of container traffic. The increase of seaport traffic is the basis for entering a new investment cycle in order to modernise the existing port facilities and build up new modern terminals. Using calculation of the aggregate index, the level of equipment of the Rijeka port container terminal and the parallel port of Koper has been determined in the observed time interval. Given that the level of seaport equipment has a significant impact on competitiveness between the neighbouring ports, the parametres of subsystem productivity at the pier and on the operational area have been comparatively analysed from the proposed model.

The subject of this paper is to determinate the basic features defining the quality of shipping services and to analyze the assumption underlying the management of quality services in marine cargo shipping. The process of globalization, the increasing demands of world markets, dynamic environment, the amount of operating costs and continued competitive pressures demand creation of a systematic management concept within each shipping company. The contribution of this work is requirement for quality management in a complex and dynamic system of maritime transport in order to meet customers demands and needs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to systematically analyze and define the quality of maritime transport services in terms of users and other entities involved in its implementation and to determine the conditions for the adoption and implementation of optimal decisions in the process of quality management services of the shipping companies on the changeable and unstable maritime market.

Analiza postojećeg stanja prometne potražnje i ponude lučkog sustava, temeljni je preduvjet optimalnog rješenja izgradnje i funkcionalnosti riječkog lučkog sustava. Cilj kojem se teži je integracija s prometnim sustavom Primorsko- goranske županije. U skladu s tim, neophodna je analiza postojećeg stanja prometne infrastrukture, prometne potražnje, funkcionalnih zahtjeva, te kritičnih elemenata u funkciji utvrđivanja razvojnih potreba i planova. Zbog definiranja dugoročnoga koncepta razvoja pomorsko-lučkog sustava, u ovom radu autori analiziraju prostornu i vremensku koncepciju razvoja kontejnerskih terminala u riječkom lučkom sustavu. Utvrđena su vrijednosna mjerila neophodna za ocjenu mogućnosti ostvarenja ciljeva prostorno-prometnih rješenja te kriteriji za valorizaciju i odabir optimalnog rješenja.

This port service quality study is an important precondition for an efficient development of port industry and traffic system as a whole. It is due to the complexity of any port, as a system consisting of a large number of stakeholders rendering services to customers with various requirements, that a unique set of port service quality indices has been still missing. For this reason, the paper explains the port service quality concept in compliance with stakeholders and their requirements within the context of port service quality. The aim of the paper is to present a proposal for a customer-based port service quality model based on empirical study and its reliability testing on a selected sample. The proposed model is defined by five factors and fits satisfactorily into the obtained poll questionnaire results. The statistical data processing package SPSS 16.0 and the LISREL 8.54 programme were used in the study.

Luke predstavljaju najvažniju kariku transportnoga, logističkoga i opskrbnoga lanca. Kvaliteta usluge koju pruža luka važan je čimbenik efikasnosti cjelokupnog tijeka kretanja tereta na putu od primatelja do pošiljatelja i konkurentnosti luke na tržištu lučkih usluga. U skladu s tim, svrha i cilj ove doktorske disertacije je u okviru tehničkih znanosti i polja tehnologija prometa i transporta, utvrditi temeljne značajke lučke industrije u prometnom i logističkom sustavu, istražiti osnovne značajke kvalitete lučke usluge te definirati model za mjerenje kvalitete usluge u luci. Sukladno definiranoj svrsi i cilju ovog znanstvenog istraživanja postavljena je znanstvena hipoteza: znanstveno utemeljenim spoznajama o kvaliteti usluge, kvaliteti lučke usluge, zahtjevima korisnika lučke usluge i upravljanju kvalitetom lučke usluge, moguće je postaviti model za njezino pravilno valoriziranje i mjerenje te temeljem dobivenih rezultata predložiti smjernice za unaprjeđenje. Hipoteza je dokazana korištenjem metode multivarijante analize - metode glavnih komponenata i faktorske analize.

Luke su kao karike intermodalnog lanca, izložene sve većoj konkurenciji zbog čega je kvaliteta lučkih usluga uz cijenu postala ključnim čimbenikom funkcioniranja na zahtjevnom i promjenjivom tržištu lučkih usluga. Pružanje kvalitetnih lučkih usluga s obzirom na zahtjeve tržišta, zaštitu okoliša, sigurnost i zahtjeve korisnika, čini bitnu pretpostavku za zadržavanje postojećih i privlačenje novih korisnik, čiji su kvalitativni zahtjevi sve veći. Stoga je osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja utvrditi osnovne značajke i potrebu standardizacije lučkih usluga te smjernice za osiguranje adekvatne razine kvalitete. Sukladno tome, u radu se definiraju teorijske odrednice kvalitete lučke usluge, te prednosti i ciljevi implementacije standarda kvalitete lučke usluge na inermodalnim terminalima. Posebna pažnja usmjerena je na utvrđivanje smjernica za osiguranje kvalitete lučke usluge i intenzitet standardizacijskih aktivnosti u funkciji unapređenja kvalitete usluga na intermodalnim terminalima.

U ovome su radu analizirane osnovne značajke sustava unutarnjeg vodnog prometa i trenutno stanje mreže vodnih putova u Europi u svrhu utvrđivanja potencijalnih mogućnosti za njihovu bolju integraciju u Trans-europsku prometnu mrežu. Komparativne prednosti unutarnjeg vodnog prometa u odnosu na ostale prometne grane prije svega se očituju u pogledu sigurnosti i ekološke prihvatljivosti, zbog čega Europska prometna politika unapređenje ovog vida transporta uz željeznički transport postavlja kao jedan od prioriteta cjelokupnog prometnog sustava. Adekvatan razvitak mreže vodnih putova u skladu sa strategijom razvitka nužan je preduvjet za unapređenje sustava unutarnje plovidbe u Republici Hrvatskoj, koji unatoč prirodnom potencijalu, ima minornu važnost u strukturi ostvarenog prometa. Provedena SWOT analiza predstavlja dobar temelj za utvrđivanje potencijalnih snaga, slabosti, prilika i prijetnji sustava unutarnje plovidbe u Republici Hrvatskoj važnog za uspostavu intermodalnih transportnih lanaca na području Europe. Stoga je cilj ovog rada ukazati na mogućnosti, prednosti i važnost prometa na unutarnjim vodnim putovima, u funkciji integracije različitih prometnih grana s ciljem razvitka i održivosti europskog prometnog sustava.

U ovom je radu prikazana metodologija istraživanja kvalitete lučke usluge s aspekta korisnika. Svrha istraživanja je selekcija i sažimanje velikog broja atributa kvalitete lučke usluge na manji broj atributa koji se grupiraju u zajedničke faktore prema određenim kriterijima. Analizom strukture pojedine grupe atributa može se utvrditi i vrednovati očekivanje korisnika o kvaliteti dobivene usluge u skladu s njihovim zahtjevima. Utvrđivanje međuzavisnosti više varijabli provedeno je metodom multivarijatne analize i to metodom faktorske analize glavnih komponenata. Prikazana metodologija je primijenjena na realnim podacima dobivenim anketom na uzorku studenata Pomorskog fakulteta u Rijeci. Pritom je korišten statistički paket za obradu podataka SPSS 16.0. Na temelju faktorske matrice nakon provedene Oblimin rotacije utvrđeno je da atributi indiciraju pet nemjerljivih skupina atributa združenih u faktore. Pet izlučenih faktora s obzirom na pripadajuće atribute kvalitete lučke usluge nazvani su: faktor funkcionalnosti luke, faktor odgovornosti luke, faktor prilagodljivosti luke, faktor dostupnosti luke i faktor informacijske sposobnosti luke.

Hrvatske morske luke imaju važnu ulogu i veliko potencijalno značenje koje se temelji na povoljnom zemljopisnom položaju. Novim razvojnim ciklusom hrvatske morske luke postat će bitan generator prometnog i logističkog razvitka Republike Hrvatske posebice za robni promet i terete susjednih zemalja. U ovom radu daje se ocjena postojećeg stanja hrvatskih morskih luka, te razmatraju mogući učinci izgradnje novih prometnica i realizacije postojećih planova hrvatskih morskih luka.

U ovom je radu prikazana metodologija izbora mogućih atributa koji utječu na percepciju kvalitete lučke usluge. Svrha istraživanja je sažimanje velikog broja atributa kvalitete lučke usluge na manji broj atributa koji se mogu grupirati u zajedničke faktore, što je rezultiralo strukturnim modelom kojeg se jednostavnije može protumačiti i testirati na konkretnom primjeru. Autori su postavili hipotezu da prikazani atributi najbolje objašnjavaju dvije dimenzije kvalitete lučke usluge: pouzdanost i kompetentnost. Metodom glavnih komponenata napravljen je optimalan izbor atributa, a eksploratornom faktorskom analizom distribucija atributa po faktorima. Primjenom konfirmativne faktorske analize definiran je strukturni model za koji je utvrđena prilagodljivost rezultatima provedene ankete na uzorku studenata Pomorskog fakulteta u Rijeci., The methods of choosing the possible attributes affecting the perception of the port service quality are presented in this paper. The purpose of the study is to reduce a great number of the port service quality attributes to a smaller number of attributes, grouped in common factors. Thus, a structural model, much easier to be explained and tested on the concrete example, has been obtained. The hypothesis is put forward stating that the two dimensions of the port service quality: reliability and competence are best explained by the attributes presented. An optimal selection of attributes has been made by the principal component analysis, while the attribute distribution has been obtained by the exploratory factor analysis. The confirmative factor analysis has been used to define the structural model, adaptable to the results of the questionnaire submitted to the sample of students of the Faculty of Maritime Studies in Rijeka, Croatia.

Brze promjene potaknute tehnološkim unapređenjima i intenziviranje korištenja luka kao logističkih središta u cjelokupnom transportnom i logističkom lancu potaknulo je sve veću konkurenciju između luka. Kvaliteta lučkih usluga uz cijenu postala je ključnim čimbenikom funkcioniranja luka i održavanja njezinog položaja na zahtjevnom i promjenjivom tržištu lučkih usluga. Istraživanja na temu kvalitete lučke usluge čija je svrha mjerenje kvalitete u skladu s potrebama i zahtjevima korisnika vrlo su rijetka, što je razvidno na temelju dostupne domaće i strane znanstvene literature. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na važnost utvrđivanja kvalitete lučke usluge, kao pretpostavke uspješnog razvoja lučke industrije i prometnog sustava u cjelini, koja prije svega zahtjeva definiranje dimenzija kvalitete. Kompleksnost luke s obzirom na veliki broj zainteresiranih skupina i usluga koje pružaju, otežava definiranje jedinstvenog seta dimenzija. Iako se kvaliteta može analizirati s različitih aspekata, u ovom radu predloženi set dimenzija kvalitete lučke usluge identificirat će se prema potrebama i zahtjevima korisnika lučke usluge.

Management of sea passenger ports have been determined by sequences of circumstances closely connected with the complex function of any port ; together with its reflection on traffic and economic system. Each of those principles has certain impact on development, management and evaluation of a port in different stages of growth. However, all the results that are gained are presenting evaluations and ratings of each port individually and those results and ratings are crucial in traveler’ s decision of which sea passenger port he/she should take. All those principles that are used for evaluation of a port are used as well for establishing travel routs, in fact its departure and arrival point. The importance of those departure and arrival points is dissimilar for each port and it is also possible that in different stages of development those points can increase or decrease its importance. Very often it is likely to happen that those principles have positive impact and in some other stage it can have negative reflection on the port. Numerous principles for development and management of sea passenger ports in Republic of Croatia are not applied in all the stages of port’ s existence. The problem of sea passenger ports is frequently consider as the forgotten issue which is one of the vital parts of whole national economic with very high multiply effects and possible results. The purpose of this work is SWOT analyzes which is providing clear picture that successful managing of ports comes throughout balanced efforts and achievements of town, region and a country as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to analyze all the possibilities and steps that have to be taken in order to determine advantages and disadvantages of not just port but of the town where port is located as well. It has to be investigated what is having impact on the town, its attractions and possibility for successful running of a port. Except well known elements which are location, natural characteristics of a port, organization of work, (… ), the measures of the port’ s politics are applying on further analyzes and evaluations of completely new principles such as: resources, tourist offers, structure, public sectors and town’ s future planning, communication, image and trends. The results of the survey are applying that management of the sea passenger ports should be run in a way to create a system which would continue to develop all the principles that are tightly connected to the port’ s functioning and all that in order to form a port which would be major factor to transform not just the town where the port is located but the whole region and more.

The management of sea passenger ports has been determined by sequences of circumstances closely connected with the complex function of any port ; together with its reflection on traffic and economic system. Each of those principles has certain impact on the development, management and evaluation of a port in different stages of growth. However, all the results that are gained present evaluations and ratings of each port individually and those results and ratings are crucial in the traveller’ s decision of which sea passenger port they should take. All those principles that are used for evaluation of a port are used as well for establishing the travel routes, in fact, its departure and arrival point. The importance of those departure and arrival points is dissimilar for each port and it is also possible that in different stages of development those points can increase or reduce its importance. Very often it is likely that those principles have positive impact and in some other stage they can have negative reflection on the port. Numerous principles for the development and management of sea passenger ports in the Republic of Croatia are not applied in all the stages of the port existence. The problem of sea passenger ports is frequently considered as the forgotten issue which is one of the vital parts of the whole national economic with very high multiple effects and possible results. The purpose of this work is the SWOT analyses which provides a clear picture that successful managing of the ports comes through balanced efforts and achievements of the town, region and the country as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to analyze all the possibilities and steps that have to be taken in order to determine the advantages and the disadvantages of not just the port but rather of the town where the port is located as well. It has to be investigated what is having impact on the town, its attractions and the possibility for successful running of the port. Apart from the well-known elements which are location, natural characteristics of a port, organization of work, etc. The measures of the port politics are applied to further analyses and evaluations of completely new principles such as: resources, tourist offers, structure, public sectors and town future planning, communication, image and trends. The results of the survey are applied so that management of the sea passenger ports should be run in a way to create a system which would continue to develop all the principles that are tightly connected to the port’ s functioning and all that in order to form a port which would be major a factor to transform not just the town where the port is located but the whole region and more.

Važnost primjene informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija posebno dolazi do izražaja u lukama gdje se javlja velik broj subjekata koji sudjeluju u realizaciji prometne usluge. Zbog učinkovite, kvalitetne i konkurentne prometne usluge te veće fleksibilnosti i efikasnosti funkcioniranja lučkog sustava kao važne prometne karike, implementacija informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija osnovna je pretpostavka optimalnog protoka tereta i konkurentnosti luke. U ovom radu autori analiziraju temeljne odrednice i zahtjeve za primjenu informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija u lučkom sustavu, mogućnosti aplikacije, te važnost i pozitivne učinke primjene navedenih tehnologija. Posebno se analiziraju tendencije razvitka elektroničkog poslovanja u luci Rijeka, čija implementacija i uvođenje predstavlja vrlo važan segment poslovanja, sustava kvalitete i konkurentnosti luke Rijeka.

Strategija razvitka Republike Hrvatske zahtijeva brzo i efikasno integriranje u europsku prometnu mrežu, razvijajući prometni sustav kompatibilan s europskim prometnim sustavom u skladu sa zahtjevima ekonomskog razvoja. Takva strategija razvoja prometnog sustava orijentirana je u prvom redu na primjenu novih tehnologija i izgradnju mreže terminala, što je od osobitog značenja za povezivanje hrvatskoga i europskoga lučkog sustava. Tehnička osnova planiranja RO-RO terminala, namijenjenih suvremenim transportnim tehnologijama, uključuje brojne mjere koje prethode izgradnji terminala s ciljem utvrđivanja i usklađivanja tehničkih, tehnoloških i informacijskih mogućnosti svih sudionika u transportnom lancu. Jedna od povoljnijih destinacija za izgradnju RO-RO terminala na jadranskoj obali nalazi se na prostoru bivše koksare u Bakru. Izgradnji RO-RO terminala u Bakru treba prethoditi kvalitetna analiza geografskog i geo-prometnog položaja, prirodnih pogodnosti i klimatskih uvjeta, postojećih lučko-pomorskih i infrastrukturnih objekata Bakarskog zaljeva te mogućih tehničko-tehnoloških rješenja. Uz te pokazatelje potrebno je sagledati mogućnosti prilagodbe cestovne infrastrukture i suprastrukture, te pravnu, ekološku i gospodarsku opravdanost izgradnje i eksploatacije RO-RO terminala u Bakru. Izgradnja RO-RO terminala u Bakru pretpostavka je boljeg prometnog povezivanja Hrvatske i europskih zemalja, a opravdano je uvođenjem novog intermodalnog pravca na relaciji susjedne zemlje-Bakar— Chioggia.

The paper aims at analysing the basic characteristics and goals of the EU port policy and at suggesting the port policy concept that will pave the way for the development of the Croatian port system on a long- term and well-defined basis. Since the coordination and harmonization of Croatian and European port policy is a must, this paper methodically analyses the reason for lagging behind of Croatian port system and emphasizes the necessary prerequisites and measures which sholud become the guidelines of the new port policy in approaching the requirements and tendencies of the European port system development. The result obtained indicate the need for a different approach, suggesting an adequate concept and appropriate measures that will make the Croatian port system compatible with the port systems of the countries of the EU.

U radu su analizirane temeljne značajke i ciljevi, te predložena koncepcija i mjere lučke politike koja će dugoročno i osmišljeno usmjeravati razvitak hrvatskog lučkog sustava. Zbog neophodnog usklađivanja hrvatske i europske lučke politike, u radu su sustavno analizirani uzroci zaostajanja hrvatskog lučkog sustava, te istaknute nužne pretpostavke i mjere koje trebaju biti smjernice nove lučke politike u približavanju zahtjevima i tendencijama razvoja europskog lučkog sustava. Rezultati ovog rada upućuju na nužnost drugačijeg pristupa s prijedlogom odgovarajuće koncepcije i mjera koje će lučki sustav učiniti kompatibilnim s lučkim sustavima zemalja EU.

Management of port transhipment systems refers to the selection of management activities from the approved management activities menu and their realisation. Management of container terminal transhipment processes requires not only the presence of the human factor but also successful planning, organisation and control of management activities. Given the need for fast transhipment and measurement of large container vessels reaching up to 8000 TEUs, these processes are more complex where large-sized container terminals are concerned, requiring new design of container crane performances and integral control of the whole transhipment process performance. New transhipment concepts concerning large container vessels are aimed at achieving a completely automated transhipment process, based on information technology backup and conventional control practices. The paper has included a research and analyses of possibilities for upgrading of transhipment processes at container terminals, and a concept proposal regarding an automated management of transhipment processes involving large container vessels.

The problems regarding identification and definition of models of functional requirements of the human factors in ITS directly determine the safety and security of intelligent transport. This work considers the functional properties of human factors in ITS depending on the external impacts and their intensity, and the alternative way of behaviour and action in accordance with the variability range of functional properties. The complexity of human aspect of ITS is presented with special emphasis on establishing and active relationship of humans as participants and components within the environment initiating and enabling implementation of ITS providing safety to the participants. The results of research are presented in graphical form through diagrams and the material presented in the work can be used methodologically and technically as a guideline in the study of e-safety.

Sigurnost na moru i zaštita morskog okoliša glavne su značajke koje obilježavaju suvremeno pomorsko gospodarstvo. Ovim značajkama najlakše može udovoljiti sustav električne propulzije. Objedinjavanjem sustava poriva broda sa sustavima pomoćnih postrojenja dolazi do punog izražaja mogućnost uštede energije i smanjenja utjecaja štetnog djelovanja emisije ispušnih plinova. Sustav upravljanja postrojenjem snage uključuje automatsku kontrolu pogonskih strojeva generatora, njihovim upućivanjem ili zaustavljanjem prema prioritetu s obzirom na manjak ili suvišak potrebite energije. Ovaj sustav omogućuje da se pogonski strojevi generatora pogone u optimalnom području oko 85% maksimalne trajne snage (MTS), što dodatno smanjuje emisiju ispušnih plinova.

U radu autori istražuju prometne, tehničko-tehnološke i ekološke uvjete rekonstrukcije Zagrebačkog pristaništa i izgradnje i funkcioniranja višenamjenskog terminala u riječkoj luci. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se rekonstrukcija pristaništa i izgradnja novog višenamjenskog terminala može ostvariti nasipavanjem mora i novim zamjenskim površinama koje danas koriste različiti industrijski pogoni. Budući da se rekonstrukcija pristaništa i izgradnja višenamjenskog terminala događa u užoj gradskoj jezgri, autori u radu poseban naglasak daju procjeni utjecaja na okoliš i zadovoljavanju ekoloških uvjeta izgradnje i rada višenamjenskog terminala.

Beside the port of Koper and Triest, the port of Rijeka represents a part of the international traffic system in the North Adriatic that the trade flows from the Mediterranean to Central Europe circulate through. The Republic of Croatia realises the greatest part of its import and export of goods through the port of Rijeka, being at the same time the most important Croatian seaport for the transit of goods using the Croatian trade flows. The transit of goods through the port of Rijeka is in particular directed towards Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as towards Yugoslavia, after the political and economic relations being back to normal, in which case the transport of soya beans and grain is of great importance. The concession given to the Hungarian and Croatian joint venture company for the construction of a soya beans storehouse within the grain terminal, offers a possibility of reconstructing the already existing silos and transhipment facilities. Based on the planned and preinvestment documentation of the Port of Rijeka Authorities, the new storehouse together with the transhipment facilities are defined as one of the priority premises in the development stage of the port of Rijeka. The construction of a new soya beans storehouse will be realised in two stages, each of a 15, 000 tons capacity. Since this new storehouse equipped with new transhipment facilities is to be built on the site of the old wharfside warehouses, a special attention is to be paid to the introduction of new technical, technological and ecological solutions. This paper aims at working out and analysing the technical, technological and ecological requirements to be met in the reconstruction of the already existing and construction of a new soya beans and grain storehouse, thus suggesting appropriate measures and a new concept for the construction of a new soya beans and grain terminal within the port of Rijeka.

Modern transport technologies and new technical solutions require adjustment of port transhipment facilities with changes taking place in the maritime transport of goods. Poorly balanced cargo flows have evidenced that best results are achieved through the construction of multi-purpose port terminals. Multi-purpose terminals represent best solutions available in the transitory period preceding the construction of specialized terminals. Owing to their basic features, specifically their flexibility and efficiency, this investment results justifiable and the risk from large and non-justifiable investments often accompanying the construction of specialized terminals is much reduced. The reconstruction of the Zagreb Quay as well as the construction of a multi-purpose terminal within the port of Rijeka are resulting from the need for a concentrated cargo transport within the port western area and for adjustment of the existing port facilities with new requirements. The construction of a multi-purpose terminal comprises the reconstruction of the Zagreb Quay and also of a part of the cargo port area limited by the railway cargo terminal and shunting yard in the north and the INA Oil Refinery-Mlaka Plant in the west. The reconstruction will inevitably require reaching for a portion of the sea area, and the undertaking is closely related with the overall port organization in terms of technology, space and traffic, which all together require the construction of a new road connection between the multi-purpose terminal and the detour main road. Since the reconstruction of the Zagreb Quay and the construction of a multi-purpose terminal within the port of Rijeka take place in the very heart of the town, the authors have been particularly concerned with the assessment of the influence the undertaking will have upon the environment, and also with ecological conditions which will have to be met in the construction and operation of the multi-purpose terminal.

This study has been directed towards determining of the existing limitating factors in the performance of a comprehensive transport service on the Rijeka transportation route. It has been aimed at pointing to different tariffing policy concerning transport services, that results in the first place from a confuse and still inadequately evaluated and coordinated national traffic and maritime policies. As yet, Croatian traffic and maritime transport system has not included either any determined or scientifically evaluated role of the port system, thus causing the development of maritime and transport activities, with sea ports consequently included, to be subject to unorganized and uncontrolled development that on a long-term basis lead to stagnation and losing of the position gained so far. The results achieved by this paper have been based on analyses of the existing limiting factors affecting the transport service total price level on the Rijeka transportation route and pointing to the need for coordination principles, measures and targets to be determined.

The adoption and introduction of intelligent transportation systems can be considered from the scientific and commercial aspect. The scientific approach refers to the use of scientific knowledge and well-known facts and methodologies studying the way of understanding the concept of intelligence and the process of developing more intelligent devices. The commercial approach to artificial intelligence assumes the application of the system integrated with the environment using sensor technologies and trying to imitate human brain in order to improve the transport process and realize profit. Do more with existing equipment is the primary syntagm of the ITS and describe quick and efficient way of improving the transport process. The application of ITS consists of two segments: production one and the commercial one. Service users while meeting and knowing transport market, have different needs and requirements thus initiating coming development.

By studying the traffic function of port systems from the aspect of logistics, a comprehensive overview is provided, regarding benefits offered by the port in uniting all traffic branches and integrating activities which meet the requirements of the customers and the environment both in its wider and narrower sense. Logistic plays an important role in optimising port functions and in increasing its competitiveness conditioned by greater efficiency and achieving better economic results (offering the best price for customer services) and in connecting the transport chain participants. The study of the transportation chain as part of the logistic chain requires the study of traffic process entities, means introduced in the system of maritime traffic, their requirements and needs and the operating space and time. Studying the importance and position of the port system from the logistic aspect, one can directly influence the organisation and success of cargo distribution. The logistic chain is created by introducing a greater number of entities and mediators in the cargo distribution, thus allowing the flow of goods with very few standstills. By integrating the port system with the environment, and based on the clearly defined interrelations and interdependencies of single elements of the logistic process the logistic chain is created, with the port being an important link as the distribution and logistic centre. The continuity of the cargo flow from the sender to the receiver and the interdisciplinary approach by the participants in its distribution and transportation provides the basic starting point for analysing and studying the port system in the logistic chain.

Tema ovog rada je huckepack tehnologija prijevoza u sadašnjosti i budućnosti. U prvom dijelu rada objasniti će se huckepack tehnologija transporta u cjelini, odnosno svaku tehnologiju od koje se ona sastoji. U glavnom dijelu rada će se pomoću tablica i prikupljenih podataka analizirati suvremeno stanje huckepack tehnologije u Europi u razdoblju od 2017. godine do 2021. godine. Nadalje će se navesti glavna grupacija koja koristi huckepack tehnologiju u Europi, te podvrste huckepack sustava koje su danas u uporabi. Nakon toga istražuje se budućnost željezničkog teretnog transporta i njegov utjecaj na okoliš i društvo te sustavi za modernizaciju ove vrste transporta, odnosno kakav će utjecaj imati na huckepack tehnologiju., The topic of this paper is huckepack transportation technology in the present and future. In the first part of the paper, the huckepack transport technology will be explained as a whole, that is, each technology that it consists of. In the main part of the paper, tables and collected data will be used to analyze the current state of huckepack technology in Europe in the period from 2017 to 2021. Furthermore, the main group that uses huckepack technology in Europe, and the subtypes of huckepack systems that are in use today, will be listed. After that, the future of rail freight transport and its impact on the environment and society, as well as systems for the modernization of this type of transport, i.e. what impact will it have on huckepack technology, are investigated.

Ro-Ro tehnologija pojavljuje se krajem 1980- tih godina kao zamjena za željezničke mostove gdje su riječna korita bila preširoka za izgradnju mostova. Ro-Ro je skraćenica za Roll on- Roll off što na engleskom jeziku znači doslovno ''dokotrljaj- otkotrljaj'', to je naziv za operaciju ukrcaja i iskrcaja tereta s broda. Za potrebe takvog horizontalnog ukrcaja na brodove bilo je potrebno konstruirati Ro-Ro terminale. Dizajn Ro-Ro terminala ovisit će o broju i vrsti RO-RO brodova za koje je namijenjen. Ro-Ro terminale treba planirati kako bi se vrijeme čekanja brodova u luci što više smanjilo, a to se dobiva ukoliko se radnje prekrcaja tereta na terminalu ubrzaju. Faktor uspješnosti Ro-Ro tehnologije je upravo smanjivanje vremena potrebnog za prekrcaj tereta na terminalima., RO-RO technology appeared in the late 1980s as a replacement for railway bridges where riverbeds were too wide for bridge construction. RO-RO is an abbreviation for Roll on-Roll off, it is the name for the operation of loading and unloading cargo from a ship. For the needs of such horizontal boarding on ships, it was necessary to construct RO-RO terminals. The design of the RO-RO terminal will depend on the number and type of ships it is intended for. RO-RO terminals should be planned to reduce the waiting time of ships in the port as much as possible, and this can be achieved if the actions of loading and unloading cargo at the terminal are accelerated. The success factor of RO-RO technology is the reduced time required for loading and unloading cargo at terminals.

Lučki terminali su važna komponenta cjelokupnog transporta suhih rasutih tereta. Ugljen, željezna ruda, fosfati i žitarice, čine najzastupljenije suhe rasute terete u pomorskom prometu. Svrha ovoga završnog rada je analizirati tehničko - tehnološke značajke terminala za prekrcaj suhih rasutih tereta, pomorski promet ovih skupina tereta te napraviti usporednu analizu tehničko - tehnoloških značajki dviju luka, luke Ploče i Luke Rotterdam. Cilj rada je utvrditi prednosti i nedostatke ovih luka, a koji u najvećoj mjeri utječu na njihovu konkurentnost i značaj koji imaju u okviru svojih država, ali i na svjetskoj razini., Port terminals are an important component of the overall transport of dry bulk cargo. Coal, iron ore, phosphates and grain are the most represented dry bulk cargoes in maritime transport. The purpose of this final paper is to analyze the technical - technological features of the dry bulk terminals, the maritime transport of these cargo groups, and to make a comparative analysis of the technical - technological features of the two ports, the Port of Ploče and the Port of Rotterdam. The aim of the work is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these ports, which to the greatest extent influence their competitiveness and the importance they have within their countries, but also worldwide.

Svaka prometna grana ili poduzeće u kojoj se pojavljuju redovi čekanja treba pronaći ravnotežu između dovoljnog kapaciteta za optimalno funkcioniranje i održavanja troškova na minimumu. Teorija redova čekanja ispituje funkcioniranje sustava masovnog usluživanja, omogućavajući razumijevanje, istraživanje, analizu i rješavanje problema koji se mogu pojaviti u takvim sustavima. U radu je pozornost usmjerena na moguća rješenja i buduće inovacije na području rješavanja problema redova čekanja u zračnim lukama kao i njihova implementacija. Također je naglašena važnost predviđanja i rješavanja novonastalih uskih grla u zračnim lukama te u tom slučaju primjene metode virtualnih redova čekanja., Every transport branch or company where queues appear needs to find a balance between having enough capacity for optimal functioning and keeping costs to a minimum. Queuing theory examines the legitimacy of mass service systems, enabling the understanding, research, analysis, and resolution of problems that may arise in such systems. The paper focuses on possible solutions and future innovations in the field of solving the problem of queues at the airports and their implementation. The importance of predicting and solving newly created bottlenecks in airports and in that case applying the method of virtual queues was also emphasized.

Zračni putnički promet iznimno je značajna prometna grana kako na globalnoj razini, tako i na europskoj i nacionalnoj razini Republike Hrvatske. Tokovi putnika u zračnom prometu sve su intenzivniji te je potražnja za zračnim putničkim prometom u porastu iz godine u godinu. Svakih nekoliko godina zračni promet suoči s nekom kriznom situacijom poput posljedica financijske krize, terorističkih napada, ratnih nesigurnosti, štrajkova, nepovoljnih vremenskih uvjeta (npr. erupcija vulkana), ali i bolesti (epidemije i pandemije). Posljednja od tih kriznih situacija odnosi se na pandemiju COVID - 19 i rat u Ukrajini. Pandemija COVID - 19 imala je utjecaj na globalni gospodarski sustav pa su zabilježeni poremećaji u funkcioniranju cjelokupnog gospodarskog sustava. Na zračni putnički promet pandemija je utjecala direktno primjerice otkazivanjem letova i ostalim ograničenjima, ali i indirektno primjerice u smislu smanjenja kupovne moći stanovništva. Stoga temeljni cilj ovog diplomskog rada je geoprometna analiza zračnih tokova putnika te analiza utjecaja pandemije na zračne putničke tokove na globalnoj, regionalnoj i nacionalnoj razini., Air passenger transport is an extremely important branch of transport, both at the global level and at the European and national levels of the Republic of Croatia. Passenger flows in air traffic are becoming more intense, and the demand for air passenger traffic is increasing year by year. Every few years, air transport faces a crisis such as the consequences of the financial crisis, terrorist attacks, war uncertainties, strikes, unfavourable weather conditions (e.g., volcanic eruption), but also diseases (epidemics and pandemics). The last of these crisis situations refers to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the global economic system, so disruptions in the functioning of the entire economic system were recorded. Air passenger traffic was affected by the pandemic directly, for example through flight cancellations and other restrictions, but also indirectly, for example, in terms of reducing the purchasing power of the population. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is the geo traffic analysis of passenger air flows and the analysis of the impact of the pandemic on air passenger flows at the global, regional, and national level.

Ubrzani razvoj zrakoplovstva tijekom godina uvjetovao je potrebu za razvojem teretnih zrakoplova te razvojem prijevoza tereta zračnim putem. Pojavljuju se ukrcajne jedinice poput kontejnera, paleta i iglua kako bi se teret objedinio i olakšao proces rukovanja. Upotreba ukrcajnih jedinica omogućava kraće vrijeme prihvata i otpreme teretnog zrakoplova. U procesu prihvata i otpreme teretnih zrakoplova teret se ukrcava u unutarnji dio zrakoplova pomoću specijalne opreme. Potrebna je i prateća dokumentacije bez koje teret ne može biti primljen na prijevoz niti poslan na odredište., Accelerated development of aviation during the years has resultaded in a need for related developments of cargo aircraft and air cargo transportation. Loading units such as containers, palettes and igloos are used to unify the cargo and make manipulating it easier. However, loading units also enables shorter overall cargo aircraft handling times. In the process of receiving and dispatching of cargo aircraft, it is the cargo that is loaded into the interior of the aircraft by using a special equipment. It is needed all the necessary supporting documents without the type of cargo cannot be received for transportationor sent to its destination.

Prometni sustav ključan je za društvo i gospodarstvo, a najveći udio ukupnog prometa zauzima cestovni promet. Kao rezultat rasta obujma prometa stvara se povećana potrošnja goriva, kao i emisije stakleničkih plinova. Inteligentnim transportnim rješenjima postiže se znatno poboljšanje navedenog onečišćenja okoliša, ali i općenito poboljšanje odvijanja prometa, učinkovitiji prijevoz putnika i robe, poboljšanje sigurnosti u prometu te udobnosti i zaštite putnika. ACC i CACC sustavi za kontrolu vožnje aktualni su koncepti definirani unutar ITS-a bitni za postizanje navedenih performansi u prometu. S druge strane da bi se ispitali spomenuti sustavi za kontrolu vožnje, simulacijski modeli uvelike su zastupljeni u razmatranju pozitivnih učinaka Platooning koncepta u kontekstu zaštite okoliša. Rezultati pokazuju da nije potrebno provoditi konkretan eksperiment kako bi se testirali njegovi utjecaji na okoliš. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti i proučiti aktualnosti u istraživanju koncepta tehnologije simulacije s obzirom na kriterije prihvatljivosti, isplativosti i učinkovitosti., The transport system is crucial for society and the economy, and the largest share of total traffic is road traffic. As a result of the growth in the volume of traffic, increased fuel consumption is created, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Intelligent transport solutions achieve a significant improvement of the mentioned environmental pollution, but also a general improvement of traffic flow, more efficient transport of passengers and goods, improvement of traffic safety and comfort and protection of passengers. ACC and CACC driving control systems are current concepts defined within ITS essential for achieving the stated traffic performance. On the other hand, in order to examine the mentioned driving control systems, simulation models are widely represented in the consideration of the positive effects of the Platooning concept in the context of environmental protection. The results show that it is not necessary to conduct a specific experiment to test its environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to investigate and study current events in the research of the concept of simulation technology with regard to the criteria of acceptability, cost-effectiveness and efficiency.