Search

The research was carried out as part of the preparation “Water Resources” section of the 4th National Communication of the Kyrgyz Republic to the UNFCCC. The article presents extensive information on the current state and changes over a long period of observations of water resources, climate and glaciation in Kyrgyzstan (Syr-Darya and Amu-Darya river basins). The representative rivers were selected as the main objects, which are transboundary between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. The study aims to assess the inter-annual and intra-annual dynamics of the flow of the rivers for the period from 2020 to 2080, based on the climate projections CMIP5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and CMIP6 (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) (IPCC WG II Report, 2022). The hydrological modeling method in the HBV light and HBV EHT models and the inertial mean annual flow change method were used to estimate changes in water resources. On the rivers of the northern part of the Fergana Valley, the average annual runoff is expected to increase by 1-19%, in the Amudarya river basin (Kyzyl-Suu river) – by 27-64% of the values for 2006-2019. In the Naryn river, water discharge for this period will remain within the current values for 2006-2019. The method of inertial change in the average annual runoff showed an increase in runoff for 2030 and 2040 for all the studied catchment areas by 6-19% of the current values for 2006-2020. The results of the study are intended for decision-makers on the rational use and long-term planning of water resources under climate change.

The article explores a clinical observation of a giant postbulbar parapapillary duodenal ulcer with multiple combined complications in the form of penetration into the pancreas, acute gastroduodenal bleeding and subcompensated stenosis occurred against the background of arterio-mesenteric compression of the duodenum in the subcompensation stage. The long course of the disease contributed to the development of alimentary dystrophy, cachexia and severe anemia. After stopping the bleeding, carrying out adequate preoperative preparation, the patient underwent Roux-en-Y gastric resection to “turn off” the ulcer with demucosation of the antrum and formation of the epipyloric stump of the duodenum according to the method modified in the clinic. The postoperative period was complicated by the development of a fistulous variant of duodenal stump suture failure, which was conservatively eliminated. The patient recovered.

ANNOTATION: Algorithms and tools for establishing optimal control in artificial intelligence software and hardware, drawing images, information security, and using fractal technologies are discussed. Bring your ideas to life with AI–generated images. If you’re a problem solver with a passion for machine learning and a desire to work on cutting–edge technologies, we want to hear from you. We have a variety of open positions in research, development and other areas. Come be part of our team and help change the way the world thinks about artificial intelligence and imaging. Intelligently designed robots help and work in various areas of human life. What is artificial intelligence. If we talk about artificial intelligence, there are many methods of artificial intelligence around the world. A special national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence has also been developed in Uzbekistan. You must have heard of 10 Mobile AI Art Generator Apps for Android and IOS in 2023. They are powered by artificial intelligence. Whether you are an artist or not, you might be interested in creating art with AI art generator apps. These apps can be used to create digital art, abstract art and even traditional art styles. They use very cool fractal algorithms. Check out the flames below for an example. Lens–AI Art Image Generator, Wonder–An app that creates art from your text, Fotor–AI Art Generator, DeepArt–AI Art Image Generator, StarryAI–Create art with AI, TikTok–Turn your photo into AI art, PicsArt–Text to image AI generator, WOMBO–AI based application that creates amazing pictures, Canva–Art Generator from AI text, FaceApp–AI Face Editor. The development of standards in the field of system communication, artificial intelligence and smart city, the impact of artificial intelligence, and drawing pictures of the development of human civilization by intelligent systems are the specific features of artificial intelligence. &nbsp

The article discusses the activation of the surface of karakul (astrakhan) leather tissue by laser exposure, changes in the surface morphology of karakul leather tissue during laser processing and subsequent glutaraldehyde tanning combined with chrome tanning of karakul leather. The morphology of the surface of the sample was investigated by the methods of optical and scanning electron microscopy and the elemental analysis of the skin tissue of karakul under the action of laser radiation from the front side was carried out. Dry tanning was carried out after laser exposure. For the first time, the morphology of the surface of the skin tissue of karakul was investigated using a laser generating in a two-pulse mode (pulses are separated by a time interval of 3 μs, pulse duration of 10 ns) with a wavelength of 1064 nm in a wide range of deposited energies, which lead, as to the mode of ablation of the surface of the skin tissue of karakul and to its perforation followed by glutaraldehyde tanning. The possibility of changing the consumer parameters of the skin tissue of karakul due to the dermis dissociation, conformational changes, which lead to a change in the structure, is shown. At energies more than 30 J, the skin is perforated with carbonization of the edges of the holes.

The matrix elements of one- and two-photon optical transitions from the subbands of the valence band and the spin-orbital splitting band to the conduction band are calculated, expressions are obtained for them depending on the polarization vector and light frequency, as well as on the band parameters of the crystal. Expressions are obtained for the spectral-polarization and spectral-temperature dependences of the coefficients of interband two-photon absorption of light and linear-circular dichroism in semiconductors of tetrahedral symmetry in the three-band Kane model. It is shown that in the spectral-polarization dependence of the total coefficient of two-photon absorption of linearly and circularly polarized light in InSb: firstly, all spectral-polarization dependences have an oscillatory character; secondly, as the light frequency increases, the oscillation amplitude increases; thirdly, for circularly polarized light, the oscillation becomes aperiodic. KEYWORDS: spectral, temperature and polarization dependence, optical transitions, linear-circular dichroism, two-photon absorption of linearly and circularly polarized light.

Currently, the science and subject of sports pedagogy, which studies the pedagogical activity of the trainer in the field of physical education, is spreading widely as a relatively young special knowledge. In its emergence and rapid development, the interest and contribution of scientists from Germany, Switzerland, the USA, Japan, Sweden, and Russia were great. This article describes the role and importance of sports pedagogy in the process of personality formation and the process of development as a science.

Aim. To improve the existing classifications as the basis for the development of a pathogenetically substantiated treatment and diagnostic tactics that meets the modern requirements of surgical gastroenterology. Material and methods. The material is based on the results of diagnosis and surgical treatment of 658 patients with duodenal ulcerative colitis with combined complications. A combination of two or more complications occurred: stenosis + penetration - in 368 (55.9 %) patients, penetration + stenosis + bleeding - in 105 (16.0 %), penetration + stenosis + perforation - in 58 (8.8 %) ), perforation + bleeding - in 52 (7.9 %), perforation + penetration - in 18 (2.7 %), penetration + bleeding - in 51 (7.8 %) patients, a combination of multiple and rare complications - in 6 (0.9 %) patients, including penetration + stenosis + perforation + bleeding - in 1 (0.15 %) patient, a combination of penetration, stenosis and duodenocholedochal fistula - in 3 (0.45 %), a combination of penetration + bleeding + stenosis + chronic pancreatitis - in 1 (0.15%), a combination of penetration + choledochal stricture + obstructive jaundice - in 1 (0.15%) patient. Results and discussion. In the classification of each variant of combined complications, the main factors influencing the choice of treatment tactics are identified. The choice of the method of surgical treatment with a simultaneous combination of several complications, first of all, depends on the general condition of the patients, due to the severity of bleeding, the prevalence of peritonitis, and the stage of stenosis of the gastroduodenal junction. In emergencies, only intraoperative revision makes it possible to clarify the nature of the pathological process and the possibility of its elimination by radical or palliative methods. Conclusion. The proposed classification can become a new platform for conducting a pathogenetically substantiated diagnostic and therapeutic strategy with the possibility of improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with duodenal ulcerative colitis with combined complications.

The article highlights the approaches of conceptual analysis of the concept "hope" within the framework of determining the cognitive features of the organization of information in it.

For the first time, the morphological and anatomical structure of vegetative and generative organs, the localization of secretory ducts in the underground and aboveground parts of the species plants were studied. New GIS technologies were used to elucidate the spatial structure of the rare endemic species Komarovia anisosperma of the monotypic genus Komarovia Korovin of the Apiaceae family. The performed analysis showed the most significant diagnostic features of the studied organs, such as a deep taproot system, the presence of a multi-branched caudex, underdeveloped stem leaves or stem leaves reduced to sheaths, the central cylinder of the main root showing separate concentric circles of large and small vascular bundles, the presence of numerous secretory ducts in the secondary root cortex, strongly elongated palisade leaf cells etc. As a result of phytochemical study, extracts of Komarovia anisosperma roots and inflorescences were analyzed. According to our data, the main component of underground organs from terpenes was α-muurolene, and for inflorescences it was α-curcumene. Grid mapping showed that the species is mainly concentrated in the Samarkand and Kashkadarya regions, where the most favorable conditions for its growth are found. These areas are the natural area of origin of the species, and the establishment of a protected natural area has led to an increase in the number of natural populations.

This article is about the past, future of the portrait (self-portrait) genre, which is considered one of the main genres of visual art in the professional training of future visual art teachers in the pedagogical higher education system, and its role in the professional training of young people in the continuing education system. the word goes

A blood test for acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers is a comprehensive study of various proteins, the level of which in the blood rises during various inflammatory processes in the body. Dorsopathy is a common pathology accompanied by aseptic inflammation in the spine, but has not been studied for markers of inflammation. To study the indicators and comparative correlation of markers of inflammatory metamorphism in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic pain syndrome in dorsopathies of various origins. 320 patients with chronic pain syndrome with dorsopathies of various origins, who are being treated in the neurology department of the City Medical Association of Samarkand in the period from 2018 to 2021, were selected. The research methods used where blood tests for acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers: fibrinogen, C–reactive protein, interleukin–1β. The results of the study obtained in the study of patients with dorsopathies of compression–ischemic genesis, brucellosis, rheumatic and herpetic genesis showed that fibrinogen, C–reactive protein, interleukin–1β can be chosen as an additional biochemical criterion for the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic pain syndrome in dorsopathies of various origins. In patients with chronic pain syndrome in dorsopathies of compression–ischemic genesis, brucellosis, rheumatic and herpetic genesis, the detected concentrations of fibrinogen, C–reactive protein and interleukin–1β in the blood serum indicated various indicators of the presence of an inflammatory process, provoking chronic pain, indicating an inflammatory nature, which determines the chronic course and nature of pain.

The dependence of the transmission coefficient for an electron with energy E tunneling through a potential barrier of finite height and thickness in a two-barrier semiconductor structure is calculated, and it is shown that this dependence has an oscillatory character. On the basis of the continuity equation, the energy dependence of the frequency of electron collisions with the walls of the size-quantized potential is analyzed. KEY WORDS: transmission coefficient, two-barrier semiconductor structure, size quantization, energy spectrum, potential well.

Aim. To improve the surgical treatment tactics of gastroduodenal ulcerous bleeding combined with pyloroduodenal stenosis.Material and methods. Results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of 105 patients with DUD, divided into two groups were analyzed: the first - 54 patients, in which individualized tactics with maximum use of modern endo- and pharmacological hemostasis was used, mainly planned operations were executed; the second - 51 patients, in which active surgical tactics without endohemostasis was used, mainly “traditional” variants of gastric resection were used.Results. In case of active surgical tactics the number of urgent operations made up 29,4%, delayed - 54,9%, planned operations - 15,7%. The use of resection (76,4%) and palliative (19,6%) operations was one of the causes of a high frequency of postoperative complications (37,2%) and lethality rate (13,7%). The use of modern endo- and pharmacological hemostasis techniques contributed to the efficacy of treatment, a decrease in urgent (11,0%) and delayed (9,2%) operations, and an increase in elective operations (79,8%), which promoted the decrease of postoperative complications (9,2%) and absence of lethality.Conclusion. In DUD the tactics based on endo- and pharmacological hemostasis contributes to a decrease of operation activity by urgent and delayed indications, transfer of the situation to the category of the planned operations that promotes the decrease in the frequency of postoperative complications and lethality.

The polarization and frequency-polarization dependences of the linear-circular dichroism and light absorption coefficients in semiconductors of cubic symmetry, caused by vertical three-photon optical transitions between the states of the spin-orbit splitting and conduction bands, are calculated. KEY WORDS: three-photon optical transitions, spin-orbit splitting band, conduction band, linear-circular dichroism, light absorption, semiconductor.

This article highlights the features of selecting local raw materials for obtaining heat-resistant ceramic tiles made on the basis of a large solar furnace. A technical description of the substances contained in the amesite mineral of the serpentine in the Kumushkon mountains of the Tashkent region is presented.

This paper describes the composition and properties of heat-resistant ceramic materials based on a large solar array and based on recycled local raw materials. It presents a microanalysis of a sample of serpentine mixture in the initial state and after 672 hours of mixing, and an optical scanning electron microscopy study, showing the composition, thermal decomposition, X-ray of the serpentine mineral.

The article compares personal culture and personal civil culture. The interdependence of personal culture and society culture and the formation of structural structures of personal culture have been studied. Attention is paid to the fact that these components are the basis of the civil culture of the individual.

This article provides information on the properties of a ceramic plate made from local raw materials processed in a solar device. It is noted that it is possible to optimize the production process of imported ceramics based on local raw materials. It has been shown that by partially modifying the composition of naturally occurring serpentine, it is possible to obtain high temperature resistant materials that can be used instead of imported silicon carbide. Technical and economic indicators of the organization of production of products based on serpentine melted in a large solar furnace are based.

ushbu maqolada tarix darslarini tashkillashtirish va ta’lim jarayonida zamonaviy texnologiyalar qo’llab dars tashkillashning ahamiyati tahlil etilgan bo’lib, unda ko’rgazmali qurollardan foydalanib dars samaradorligini oshirish ko’rib chiqilgan., {"references":["1.\tAbdulayev E.N. Tarixni o'qitishda ko'rinish va muammoli yondashuv, Maktabda tarix o'qitish, 2014 yil.","2.\tG'affarov Ya.X, G'affarova M. O'zxbekiston xalqlari tarixini o'qitish usullari.T., 1996","3.\tSadiev A.Maktabda tarix o'qitish metodikasi.T.,1988"]}

The effect of hydrodynamic parameters on the rate of corrosion processes in oil-gathering pipelines is given. A technique for predicting emergency situations in oil and gas pipelines affected by corrosion and ways to eliminate them during their operation are proposed.

The use of pesticides to eliminate pests and weeds has raised concerns about water pollution and adverse effects on aquatic organisms, so many efforts have been made to increase the resistance of fish to these pesticides by using a proper nutrition strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the growth performance, antioxidant, and immune responses of fish exposed to Imidacloprid insecticide (C9H10ClN5O2) by different doses of Chlorella vulgaris dry powder to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, 600 common carp with a medium weight (18.10±0.2 g; Mean ± SE) were prepared and after adaptation and determination of lethal concentration of Imidacloprid, for 56 days in 6 treatments and each with 3 replications were classified and tested (Control (T1), 5% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and no pollution (T2), 10% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and no pollution (T3), No Chlorella vulgaris dry powder and 12.5% LC50 Imidacloprid (T4), 5% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder plus 12.5% LC50 imidacloprid (T5) and 10% Chlorella vulgaris dry powder plus 12.5% LC50 Imidacloprid (T6)). After 96 hours of exposure to distinct concentrations of the insecticide, the total mortality was measured and the Imidacloprid median lethal concentration (LC50) over 96 hours was calculated (266.2 mg/l) using Probit analysis. According to the result, common carp fed T2 had the highest final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P50) was significantly higher in T2 and T3 than other groups (PChlorella vulgaris protects common carp from Imidacloprid insecticide, since it improved growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses of fish.

This article discusses the specific benefits of having to master other disciplines in the creation of fine art works and the work of several great artists in this regard.

Mazkur maqolada dehqonchilik va chorvachilikda ob havo bilan bog’liq bo’lgan milliy marosimlarimiz haqida fikr-mulohazlar yuritilgan. Shuningdek, dehqonchilik va chorvachilik haqida, uning tarixiy jarayonlari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

In this article, the content, types and indicators of economic growth, It is analyzed that economic relations are created in human society based on the production and consumption needs of people, development of the student's economic knowledge, the main goal of the educational process, preparation of the student to find a suitable place in the micro-society in the future.

The article analyzes the scientific and philosophical heritage of the thinker Abulkasim Kushayri, who systematized the terms of the Sufi teaching. Also, the article reveals the classification of sources in the study of Qushayri's life, the period in which he lived, and his scientific and philosophical heritage.

The time profile of the temperature of ozone decay was determined by the method of infrared pyrolysis depending on the change in the extinction coefficient in the Hartley region. A formula is proposed for calculating the maximum equilibrium temperature as a function of the ozone extinction coefficient. The results obtained are in satisfactory agreement with the temperature calculated from the absorbed energy and heat capacity of the gas mixture.

Today, one of the urgent tasks of the social sciences is the construction of the Third Renaissance in our country, the transfer of the heritage of our ancestors to the younger generation, and their education in the spirit of moral and spiritual ideas based on Islamic philosophy. Therefore, it is important to study and research the sources that underlie the religious and philosophical views that have been formed and consolidated in our country for centuries. One of these philosophical writings is Al-Qistasu-l-Mustakim (Right scales) by Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad alGhazali, a thinker, lawyer, philosopher, and mystic who lived and worked during the early Renaissance, in the 11th century. Al-Qistasu-l-Mustakim by Abu Hamid al-Ghazali was written after his work Ihya ‘ulum ad-din and based on the philosophical views of the philosopher his logical arguments against the teachings of the Ismailis. This article analyzes his criteria for measuring views of Ismailis, what he means by Right Scales, and his religious and philosophical views. The article analyzes how the value of things is determined by the primary necessary sciences, whether knowledge arises from feelings, experience, or natural reasoning of the mind. The definition of mind (garyzatu-l-’akl) is the instinct of reason, which is embedded in a person as a quality or form of thinking. In particular, attention is paid to how the thinker compares experience with the instinct of reason, the correspondence of basic knowledge (al-’ulumu-l-awwaliyya) to the axioms of Aristotle, and the use of syllogisms of logic against the doctrine of Batynites. The article reveals what al-Ghazali understands when he talks about philosophical knowledge, on what basis we can find out the truth, what methods of opinion and analogies are, and how to make decisions in controversial situations. At the end of the article, there is a translation of the first chapter of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali’s book Al-Qistasu-lMustakim, devoted to the criteria of cognition.

Aim. To analyze clinical and bacteriologic factors associated with the occurrence of septic shock and mortality in patients with secondarily generalized peritonitis.Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of the examination and treatment of 180 patients with generalized peritonitis was carried out. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group of 74 patients (41.1%) who had septic shock and the second group of 106 patients (58.9%) without a record of septic shock. Further, subgroups of patients with community-acquired and postoperative generalized peritonitis were identified in a ratio of 112/68.Results and discussion. Mortality among patients with community-acquired peritonitis was 21% and among patients with postoperative peritonitis - 16%. 42 (37%) patients with community-acquired peritonitis developed septic shock compared with 32 (47%) cases of shock among patients with postoperative peritonitis. Patients who developed septic shock were significantly older than patients without septic shock in both subgroups. In both types of generalized peritonitis, anaerobes are significantly associated with septic shock.Conclusions. It was revealed that age over 65 years, two or more microorganisms of the peritoneal fluid, or anaerobes were independent risk factors for the development of septic shock. Peritoneal exudate yeast and enterococci were associated with septic shock in a subgroup of patients with community-acquired peritonitis. Yeast was associated with high mortality in postoperative peritonitis.

This article discusses the problems of energy savings at enterprises for the production of precast concrete. The rational consumption of energy in the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete is considered, the costs of energy spent on the production of cement and reinforcement are taken into account, excluding excessive consumption of fuel, which leads to energy savings. To save energy resources, a bench technology for manufacturing prefabricated reinforced concrete structures was considered at the enterprises.

The world's population is growing rapidly and today exceeds 7.8 billion people. World population growth is expected to slow down slowly in the future. A decade ago, the world's population increased by 1.24 percent; today it is 1.1 percent, an increase of 83 million a year. The world's population is expected to reach 8.6 billion by 2030. (UNFPA 2015). This creates a regional imbalance between population growth and the development of employment, production and social infrastructure. Information is needed on the creation of new jobs in the regions, for planning the construction of preschool institutions, schools, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, how many children will be able to attend preschool institutions in the future, how many children will reach school age and how many children will be transfered to specialized secondary and higher education, how much the labor force will increase. The population of Uzbekistan is constantly growing. From 1991 to 2020, the country's population increased by 1.7 times. For comparison: during this period, the population of neighboring Kyrgyzstan increased by 1.3 times, the population of Kazakhstan – by 1.02 times, the population of Tajikistan – by 1.5 times, the population of Turkmenistan – by 1.4 times. During the years of independence in Uzbekistan, special attention was paid to demographic issues based on the population and the human factor, the principles of a healthy mother and a healthy child. The course of demographic processes changes in accordance with the natural, socio-economic geographical conditions of the regions (Tojieva Z. N. 2019). The Fergana Valley is the most densely populated region of Uzbekistan with a small territory, a large demographic load and the largest demographic potential (Abdullaev O. 2000). Land resources with limited, high demographic pressure require research aimed at identifying, predicting and preventing future adverse events specific to the development of demographic processes in the regions of the valley. The article makes a forecast for 2025–2040 and draws conclusions using the method of age shift of the population of regions, districts and cities of the Fergana Valley, demographic regions and gender and age composition.

This article discusses the basic requirements for crushed stone from natural stone for the ballast layer of the railway track. The ways of laying the ballast layer on the railway track are given.