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A German traveler developed dengue fever in late August 2013, following a direct flight from Germany. Autochthonous dengue virus (DENV) infection has not been reported in Japan. To evaluate the risk of autochthonous DENV transmission in Japan, the authors performed a retrospective search of the five areas visited by the German patient to determine the population density of dengue vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The annual mean temperature of each area was higher than 12 °C, which is considered suitable for the establishment of A. albopictus populations. Our retrospective search revealed the population density of A. albopictus to be high in the urban areas of Japan., Article, International Journal of Infectious Diseases.26:135-137(2014)

A mark-release-recapture study of the dispersal ability of blow flies, Calliphora nigribarbis, was conducted in Ikumo-Naka, Ato Town, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan in December 2004. A location where a fatal avian influenza outbreak had occurred 1 year previously was selected for the present study. A total of 3,884 C. nigribarbis were collected, 1,915 of which were marked and released from 4 different collection sites during 2 successive days. The recapture rate of the released C. nigribarbis ranged from 0.014 to 0.029 among the collection sites, and the overall recapture rate was calculated as 0.022. Based on the distance between the released site and the recaptured site, the dispersal rate of C. nigribarbis was estimated as 256 m/h on the 1st day and 179 m/h on the 2nd day of the experiment, and the maximum dispersal rate observed in this study was estimated as 500 m/h. Taking into account the active period of C. nigribarbis on a fine day (7 h/day), the distance traveled by C. nigribarbis within a day was estimated as 1,789 and 1,250 m/day on average for the 1st and 2nd days, respectively, and the maximum distance was 3,500 m/day. These results suggest that C. nigribarbis could play a role in the mechanical dissemination of avian influenza virus and spread of the outbreak in Japan., Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 62(4), pp. 294-297; 2009

The 2003-2004 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in Japan were the first such outbreaks in 79 years in Japan. Epidemic outbreaks have been occurring in Southeast Asia, with the most recent in 2010. Knowledge of the transmission route responsible for the HPAI outbreaks in these countries remains elusive. Our studies strongly suggested that field and laboratory studies focusing on mechanical transmission by blow flies should be considered to control H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks, in particular in epidemic areas, where there are high densities of different fly species throughout the year. In this paper, we review these field and laboratory entomological studies and discuss the possibility of blow flies transmitting H5N1 viruses.

application/pdf, Bulletin of University of Osaka Prefecture. Series A, Engineering and natural sciences. 1996, 44(2), p.79-81

形態: カラー図版あり, 形態: DVD-ROM1枚, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Note: One DVD-ROM, 資料番号: AA0065135089, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-11-007E

1. Flavoxate hydrochloride was administered to the patients with complaints such as frequent urination, feeling of residual urine, urinary urgency, or unpleasant feeling on urination due to nervoneurotic condition of the bladder or cystitis-like syndrome. The effect was studied by a double blind method with placebo. 2. General evaluation of the clinical effects proved superiority of flavoxate. 3. As to the individual symptoms, flavoxate was more strikingly effective than placebo for frequent urination and unpleasant feeling on urination whereas it was better than placebo for feeling of residual urine and urinary urgency 4. Only one case of side effect was seen in the placebo group in the entire study.