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Vaateteollisuus on yksi saastuttavimmista teollisuudenaloista. Sekä yritykset että kuluttajat ovat tottuneet ’ota-käytä-heitä pois’ -toimintamalliin, joka realisoituu usein heikkolaatuisen pikamuodin kautta. Alalla tarvitaan radikaali muutos uusiin kestäviin kiertotalouden liiketoimintamalleihin. Jotta voidaan luoda menestyksekkäitä liiketoimintamalleja, on keskeistä ymmärtää, miten näistä uusista liiketoimintamalleista saadaan kuluttajille houkuttelevia. Vaatteet palveluna -malli on yksi kiertotalouden malleista, jota yritykset ovat alkaneet toteuttaa. Tässä tutkimuksessa pyrimme ymmärtämään, millaista arvoa yritykset tuottavat Vaatteet palveluna -mallilla kuluttajille sekä millaisia hyötyjä ja esteitä kuluttajat kokevat kyseiselle mallille. Aineistomme on koottu kuluttajakyselyllä ja yritystyöpajassa. Tutkimuksessamme rakennetaan viitekehys asiakasarvon ulottuvuuksista Vaatteet palveluna- mallille. Tutkimus tuottaa konkreettista ymmärrystä siitä, millaista rahallista, toiminnallista, emotionaalista, sosiaalista sekä ympäristöön liittyvää hyötyä voidaan kuluttajille Vaatteet palveluna -mallin avulla tuottaa sekä toisaalta millaisia uhrauksia kuluttajat kokevat mallin valitsemisesta.

Aqueous amine solvents are used to capture CO2 from various flue gas sources. In this work, the chemical stability of a blend of 3-amino-1-propanol (3A1P) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine [1-(2HE)PRLD] was studied. The chemical stability tests were conducted both in batch and cycled systems using various oxygen and NOx concentrations, additives (iron), and temperatures. In the thermal degradation experiments with CO2 present, the blend was more stable than the primary amines [(3A1P or monoethanolamine (MEA)] but less stable than the tertiary amine 1-(2HE)PRLD alone. Similar stability was observed between MEA, 3A1P, and the blend in the batch experiments at medium oxygen concentration (21% O2) and no iron present. 1-(2HE)PRLD was more stable. However, the presence of high oxygen concentration (96% O2) and iron reduced the stability of 1-(2HE)PRLD significantly. Furthermore, in the case of the blend, the chemical stability increased with increasing promoter concentration in batch experiments. During the cyclic experiment, the amine loss for the blend was similar to what was previously observed for MEA (30 wt %) under the same conditions. A thorough mapping of degradation compounds in the solvent and condensate samples resulted in the identification and quantification of 30 degradation compounds. The major components in batch and cycled experiments varied somewhat, as expected. In the cyclic experiments, the major components were ammonia, 3-(methylamino)-1-propanol (methyl-AP), N,N′-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)-urea (AP-urea), pyrrolidine, formic acid (formate), and N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-glycine (HPGly). Finally, in this paper, formation pathways for the eight degradation compounds (1,3-oxazinan-2-one, AP-urea, 3-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]-1-propanol, tetrahydro-1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinone, methyl-AP, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-formamide, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-β-alanine, and HPGly) are suggested.

Purpose Recently, the concept of successful ageing has shifted from healthy ageing to active ageing, the latter emphasising even more the subjective perspective. Active agency is a marker for better functioning. However, the concept of active ageing lacks a clear definition so far. The specific aims of the study were to identify the determinants of being actively engaged in life (BAEL), to explore the changes in BAEL over 3 decades, and to explore the prognostic value of BAEL. Methods This is a repeated cross-sectional cohort study of older (≥ 75 years) community-dwelling people in Helsinki in 1989 (N = 552), 1999 (N = 2396), 2009 (N = 1492), and 2019 (N = 1614). The data were gathered by a postal questionnaire at each time point. Being actively engaged in life was defined by two questions “Do you feel needed?” and “Do you have plans for the future?”, which was further converted into BAEL score. Results An increasing temporal trend in BAEL score was observed through the study years. Male sex, good physical functioning and subjective health, and meaningful social contacts were determinants for higher BAEL score. Active agency measured by BAEL score predicted lower 15-year mortality. Conclusions Older home-dwelling, urban Finnish people have become more actively engaged in recent years. The underlying causes are diverse but improved socioeconomic status observed over the study years was one of them. Social contacts and not feeling lonely were found to be determinants for being actively engaged. Two simple questions describing active engagement in life may help to predict mortality among older people.

Immunization during pregnancy (IP) against pertussis is recommended in many countries to protect infants. Although maternal antibodies can influence the infants' antibody responses to primary vaccinations, their effect on the development of functional antibodies and B cells remain poorly studied. We investigated the maternal immune response to IP and the effect of IP and pre-existing antibodieson infants' primary vaccine responses in an open-label, non-randomized trial. Forty-seven mothers received tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy, and 22 mothers were included as controls. Sixty-nine infants received primary doses of DTaP at three and five months of age. Geometric mean concentrations of antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin, pertactin, diphtheria, and tetanus toxins, pertussis toxin neutralizing antibodies (PTNAs), and plasma and memory B-cell frequencies were studied at delivery, and at three, five and six months. Levels of antibodies, PTNAs, and frequencies of memory B-cells were significantly increased at delivery and up to six months after in mothers with IP compared to those without IP (all p

To date, there is little research to measure the scale of misinformation and understand how it spreads on largely unmoderated platforms. Our analysis of 200,000 Telegram posts demonstrates that links to known sources of misleading information are shared more often than links to professional news content, but the former stays confined to relatively few channels. We conclude that, contrary to popular received wisdom, the audience for misinformation is not a general one, but a small and active community of users. Our study strengthens an empirical consensus regarding the spread of misinformation and expands it for the case of Telegram.

PDF file - 62KB, Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS according to the classification in high risk and low risk patients by the level of expression of 11 microRNAs.

PDF file - 60KB, The red spot indicates the area under the curve superior to 0.7 for predicting the PFS at different endpoints, blue spot indicates the area under the curve superior to 0.64 which corresponds to the mean of the area under the curve for predicting the PFS at different endpoints.

PDF file - 64KB, Kaplan-Meier PFS according to level of expression of hsa-miR-31-3p in training set 1.

PDF file - 64KB, Regression analysis of the log transformed hsa-miR-31-3p and gene expression levels plotted on x-axis and y-axis, respectively. The name of the gene and correlation p-values between expression values are indicated in the main title. Intervals specify computation of confidence (in red) or prediction (tolerance, in blue) intervals at 0.95 levels.

PDF file - KB, Supplementary Table S1. Taqman information for expression analysis of microRNAs. Supplementary Table S2. List of the 11 microRNAs used in the classifier model. Supplementary Table S3. List of the genes with a fc1.3 (Up-regulated) and a pvalue≤0.05 identified in the expression array.

Supplementary Data from Genomic Profiling of Chondrosarcoma: Chromosomal Patterns in Central and Peripheral Tumors

Purpose: Histologic grade is currently the best predictor of clinical course in chondrosarcoma patients. Grading suffers, however, from extensive interobserver variability and new objective markers are needed. Hence, we have investigated DNA copy numbers in chondrosarcomas with the purpose of identifying markers useful for prognosis and subclassification.Experimental Design: The overall pattern of genomic imbalances was assessed in a series of 67 chondrosarcomas using array comparative genomic hybridization. Statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the significance of alterations detected in subgroups based on clinical data, morphology, grade, tumor size, and karyotypic features. Also, the global gene expression profiles were obtained in a subset of the tumors.Results: Genomic imbalances, in most tumors affecting large regions of the genome, were found in 90% of the cases. Several apparently distinctive aberrations affecting conventional central and peripheral tumors, respectively, were identified. Although rare, recurrent amplifications were found at 8q24.21-q24.22 and 11q22.1-q22.3, and homozygous deletions of loci previously implicated in chondrosarcoma development affected the CDKN2A, EXT1, and EXT2 genes. The chromosomal imbalances in two distinct groups of predominantly near-haploid and near-triploid tumors, respectively, support the notion that polyploidization of an initially hyperhaploid/hypodiploid cell population is a common mechanism of chondrosarcoma progression. Increasing patient age as well as tumor grade were associated with adverse outcome, but no copy number imbalance affected metastasis development or tumor-associated death.Conclusion: Despite similarities in the overall genomic patterns, the present findings suggest that some regions are specifically altered in conventional central and peripheral tumors, respectively.

PDF file - 62KB, Kaplan-Meier PFS according to level of expression of hsa-miR-31-3p in the whole series of 132 patients. For the 102 patients who were NRAS wild-type based on Sanger sequencing of exon 2 and 3, the hazard ratio was 2.51 CI95 percent (1.6-4) and the median progression free survival was 10.14 and 35.71 weeks respectively for the high and low risk groups.

Purpose: To identify microRNAs (miRNA) that predict response to anti-EGFR antibodies in patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Experimental Design: miRNA profiling was performed in a training set of 87 patients with mCRC refractory to chemotherapy treated with anti-EGFR antibodies. This included 33 fresh-frozen (FF) and 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples retrospectively collected and 19 prospectively collected FF samples. An independent validation cohort consisting of 19 FF and 26 FFPE prospectively collected samples from patients with mCRC treated with anti-EGFR antibodies was used to confirm our findings.Results: After screening the expression of 1,145 miRNAs in FF samples from the training set, we identified that hsa-miR-31-3p expression level was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Statistical models based on miRNA expression discriminated between high and low risk of progression for both FF and FFPE samples. These models were confirmed in the validation cohort for both FF [HR, 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–15.3; P < 0.04] and FFPE samples (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.1–5.4; P = 0.028). The percentage of variation of RECIST criteria in the validation series was significantly associated with the expression level of hsa-miR-31-3p (r2 = 0.49; P = 0.0035) and risk status determined by hsa-miR-31-3p expression level (P = 0.02, Kruskal–Wallis rank test). Nomograms were built and validated to predict PFS-depending on hsa-miR-31-3p expression level. Following in vitro studies, we identified 47 genes regulated by hsa-miR-31-3p.Conclusion: Hsa-miR-31-3p seems to be a new mCRC biomarker whose expression level allows for the identification of patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC who are more likely to respond to anti-EGFR therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3338–47. ©2014 AACR.

Supplementary Table 5 from Epigenetic Signatures of Familial Cancer Are Characteristic of Tumor Type and Family Category

Supplementary Figure 2 from Identification of Specific Gene Copy Number Changes in Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer

Supplementary Data and Figure Legends from Identification of Specific Gene Copy Number Changes in Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer

Supplementary Table 4 from Epigenetic Signatures of Familial Cancer Are Characteristic of Tumor Type and Family Category

Asbestos is a well-known lung cancer-causing mineral fiber. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that asbestos can cause chromosomal damage and aberrations. Lung tumors, in general, have several recurrently amplified and deleted chromosomal regions. To investigate whether a distinct chromosomal aberration profile could be detected in the lung tumors of heavily asbestos-exposed patients, we analyzed the copy number profiles of 14 lung tumors from highly asbestos-exposed patients and 14 matched tumors from nonexposed patients using classic comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). A specific profile could lead to identification of the underlying genes that may act as mediators of tumor formation and progression. In addition, array CGH analyses on cDNA microarrays (13,000 clones) were carried out on 20 of the same patients. Classic CGH showed, on average, more aberrations in asbestos-exposed than in nonexposed patients, and an altered region in chromosome 2 seemed to occur more frequently in the asbestos-exposed patients. Array CGH revealed aberrations in 18 regions that were significantly associated with either of the two groups. The most significant regions were 2p21-p16.3, 5q35.3, 9q33.3-q34.11, 9q34.13-q34.3, 11p15.5, 14q11.2, and 19p13.1-p13.3 (P < 0.005). Furthermore, 11 fragile sites coincided with the 18 asbestos-associated regions (P = 0.08), which may imply preferentially caused DNA damage at these sites. Our findings are the first evidence, indicating that asbestos exposure may produce a specific DNA damage profile. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5737-43)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of Specific Gene Copy Number Changes in Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer

Supplementary Table 6 from Epigenetic Signatures of Familial Cancer Are Characteristic of Tumor Type and Family Category

Introduction. Current serological diagnosis of pertussis is usually performed by ELISA, which is typically performed in larger diagnostic or reference laboratories, requires trained staff, and due to sample batching may have longer turnaround times. Hypothesis and Aim. A rapid point-of-care (POC) assay for pertussis serology would aid in both the diagnosis and surveillance of the disease. Methodology. A quantitative lateral flow (LF)-based immunoassay with fluorescent Eu-nanoparticle reporters was developed for the detection of anti-pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) antibodies from oral fluid samples (N=100), from suspected pertussis cases with respiratory symptoms. Results. LF assay results were compared to those obtained with anti-PT IgG oral fluid ELISA. For an ELISA cut-off value of 50 arbitrary units, the overall agreement between the assays was 91/100 (91 %), the sensitivity was 63/70 (90 %) and the specificity was 28/30 (93 %). No ACT-specific antibodies were detected from oral fluid samples; however, the signal readout positively correlated to those patients with high anti-PT IgG antibodies. Conclusion. The developed LF assay was a specific, sensitive and rapid test for serological diagnosis of pertussis with anti-PT antibodies and is a suitable POC test using oral fluid samples.

Contemporary communication requires both a supply of content and a digital information infrastructure. Modern campaigns of misinformation are especially dependent on that back-end infrastructure for tracking and targeting a sympathetic audience and generating revenue that can sustain the campaign financially—if not enable profiteering. However, little is known about the political economy of misinformation, particularly those campaigns spreading misleading or harmful content about public health guidelines and vaccination programs. To understand the political economy of health misinformation, we analyze the content and infrastructure networks of 59 groups involved in communicating misinformation about vaccination programs. With a unique collection of tracker and communication infrastructure data, we demonstrate how the political economy of misinformation depends on platform monetization infrastructures. We offer a theory of communication resource mobilization that advances understanding of the communicative context, organizational interactions, and political outcomes of misinformation production.

Social media platforms and the forms of vernacular expression they support invite citizens to emotionally react to political content. This study focuses on the affective networks of emoji use in the Facebook comment threads on 18 politicians’ public pages before the Finnish 2019 parliamentary elections. We aim to generate a holistic understanding of the use of emojis in campaign communications while providing a more profound understanding of the affective practices emerging in specific contexts, such as in relation to particular political actors. We analyze the data using computational methods and network analysis and complement this with qualitative analysis. The results indicate that emojis are used to connect with ideological coalitions across the parties and to reinforce connections with political actors. Particular emojis become distinctive emotional-political signifiers whose connotations have departed from their original denotations and are formed and shared in specific communities in relation to specific actors. peerReviewed

Background Symptom burden causes suffering amongst older adults and is associated with healthcare visits and prognosis. Aims We evaluated the prevalence of 10 symptoms and changes in symptom burden amongst home-dwelling older adults in 2019 and 2021 using Finnish cohort data. We analysed factors associated with symptom burden increase during follow-up. Methods Altogether 1,637 people aged 75+ participated in the Helsinki Ageing Study postal survey in 2019, where they reported the presence of 10 common symptoms over the past 2 weeks. Of them, 785 participated in a follow-up in 2021, where the same symptoms were queried. We compared the prevalence of various symptoms and symptom burden scores in the 2-year interval and evaluated factors associated with increased symptom burden during this time. Results Of participants, 33% reported at least one daily symptom in 2019 versus 44% in 2021. Symptom burden increased by a mean ratio of 1.29 between 2019 and 2021. The most common symptoms were joint pain, back pain, urinary incontinence and fatigue. The prevalence of four symptoms increased between 2019 and 2021: joint pain, urinary incontinence, dizziness and shortness of breath. Higher age, reduced functional capacity and comorbidities were associated with higher odds of symptom burden increase during follow-up. Psychological well-being (PWB) was strongly associated with lower odds of symptom burden increase in the logistic regression model. Conclusions Symptom burden increased in our cohort aged 75+ between 2019 and 2021 before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. PWB was associated with lower odds of acquiring additional symptoms over time.

Artikkeli tarkastelee syitä katomuotojen esiintymiselle yleiskielen hd-yhtymän asemassa (kaheksan) Helsingin puhekielen pitkittäiskorpuksessa. Mahdollisina syinä tarkastellaan esimerkiksi sanan frekvenssiä sekä muotoseikkoja, kuten hd-yhtymän sijoittumista vokaali- tai konsonanttivartaloon, ja merkitysseikkoja, kuten erisnimiä verrattuna muihin sanoihin. Menetelmällisesti tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään logistisen regression mallia sekä päätöspuuta. Artikkeli osoittaa, että voimakkaimmin kadon todennäköisyyteen Helsingin puhekielessä vaikuttaa sanan frekvenssi. Muotoseikoista kadon todennäköisyyteen vaikuttavat negatiivisesti hd-yhtymän esiintyminen konsonanttivartalossa, pitkän vokaalin, diftongin tai painottoman tavun jäljessä. Sanan kuuluminen erisnimiin on puolestaan merkitysseikoista keskeinen este kadon esiintymiselle. Frekvenssin vaikutus on kuitenkin kaikkein suurin: mikäli sana ei muoto- tai merkityssyistä olisi erityisen hyvin soveltuva katomuodoille, voi korkea frekvenssi silti kasvattaa kadon todennäköisyyttä. Vastaavasti sanoissa, joissa on hyvät edellytykset kadolle, voi matala frekvenssi pitää kadon laajuuden alhaisena.

Artikkeli tarkastelee syitä katomuotojen esiintymiselle yleiskielen hd-yhtymän asemassa (kaheksan) Helsingin puhekielen pitkittäiskorpuksessa. Mahdollisina syinä tarkastellaan esimerkiksi sanan frekvenssiä sekä muotoseikkoja, kuten hd-yhtymän sijoittumista vokaali- tai konsonanttivartaloon, ja merkitysseikkoja, kuten erisnimiä verrattuna muihin sanoihin. Menetelmällisesti tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään logistisen regression mallia sekä päätöspuuta. Artikkeli osoittaa, että voimakkaimmin kadon todennäköisyyteen Helsingin puhekielessä vaikuttaa sanan frekvenssi. Muotoseikoista kadon todennäköisyyteen vaikuttavat negatiivisesti hd-yhtymän esiintyminen konsonanttivartalossa, pitkän vokaalin, diftongin tai painottoman tavun jäljessä. Sanan kuuluminen erisnimiin on puolestaan merkitysseikoista keskeinen este kadon esiintymiselle. Frekvenssin vaikutus on kuitenkin kaikkein suurin: mikäli sana ei muoto- tai merkityssyistä olisi erityisen hyvin soveltuva katomuodoille, voi korkea frekvenssi silti kasvattaa kadon todennäköisyyttä. Vastaavasti sanoissa, joissa on hyvät edellytykset kadolle, voi matala frekvenssi pitää kadon laajuuden alhaisena.

Background Pain is undertreated in older populations. At the same time, increased use of opioids is of concern in the Western world. Aims We sought to analyze temporal trends in musculoskeletal pain and prescribed analgesic treatment among community-dwelling people aged 75-95 years using cross-sectional cohort data spanning 20 years. Methods The Helsinki Aging Study recruited random samples of people aged 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95 years in 1999, 2009, and 2019. In total, 5707 community-dwelling persons participated in the study. The participants reported their medical diagnoses, regular prescription medications, and the presence of back pain or joint pain within the last 2 weeks (never, sometimes, or daily). We compared analgesic use among participants reporting and not reporting musculoskeletal pain in 1999, 2009, and 2019. Results Of the participants, 57-61% reported intermittent or daily musculoskeletal pain. The percentage receiving a prescribed daily analgesic increased from 9% in 1999 to 16% in 2019. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreased from 1999 to 2019, while the use of paracetamol increased from 2 to 11%. Opioids were taken by 2% in 1999 and 3% in 2019. Of those reporting daily musculoskeletal pain, 20%, 35%, and 32% received regular pain medication in 1999, 2009, and 2019, respectively. Conclusions Pain remains undertreated in the community-dwelling older population, although the use of regular prescribed analgesics increased between 1999 and 2019. The use of NSAIDs has decreased, while the use of paracetamol has increased. Daily opioid use has remained modest.

In order to describe how humans represent meaning in the brain, one must be able to account for not just concrete words but, critically, also abstract words, which lack a physical referent. Hebbian formalism and optimization are basic principles of brain function, and they provide an appealing approach for modeling word meanings based on word co-occurrences. We provide proof of concept that a statistical model of the semantic space can account for neural representations of both concrete and abstract words, using MEG. Here, we built a statistical model using word embeddings extracted from a text corpus. This statistical model was used to train a machine learning algorithm to successfully decode the MEG signals evoked by written words. In the model, word abstractness emerged from the statistical regularities of the language environment. Representational similarity analysis further showed that this salient property of the model co-varies, at 280–420 ms after visual word presentation, with activity in regions that have been previously linked with processing of abstract words, namely the left-hemisphere frontal, anterior temporal and superior parietal cortex. In light of these results, we propose that the neural encoding of word meanings can arise through statistical regularities, that is, through grounding in language itself.

Background Changes in older people’s symptoms across recent decades have not been investigated. Aims We analyzed temporal trends in symptom burden by comparing data from independent, cross-sectional cohorts retrieved in 1989, 1999, 2009, and 2019. Furthermore, we compared the association between symptom burden and psychological wellbeing (PWB) in older men and women. Methods The Helsinki Aging Study recruited a random sample of people aged 75, 80, and 85 in 1989, and random samples aged 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95 in 1999, 2009, and 2019 (four study waves). Altogether, 6263 community-dwelling people answered the questions concerning symptoms in the questionnaire surveys. The symptoms inquired in all study waves were dizziness, back pain, joint pain, chest pain, shortness of breath, and loss of appetite. Symptom burden was calculated according to the number of symptoms and their frequency (score range: 0–6). PWB and the Charlson comorbidity index were calculated. Results Symptom burden decreased in both men and women aged 75 and 80 from 1989 to 2019. Changes in cohorts aged 85 + were nonsignificant. There was a significant difference in symptom burden between men and women in all ages with men having fewer symptoms. PWB decreased with increasing symptom burden. Men had greater PWB than women up to severe levels of symptom burden. Conclusions Symptom burden decreased from 1989 to 2019 in cohorts aged 75–80, whereas changes remained nonsignificant in cohorts aged 85 +. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine temporal trends in symptom burden.

This work evaluates the possibility of employing a volatile co-solvent injection for recovering CO2 from loaded monoethanolamine at 120 °C under pressures above those achievable through regular desorption processes. This co-solvent would be fed directly into the reboiler, percolating the column and delivering higher operational pressures without significatively affecting the chemical equilibrium between CO2 and the amine. Removal of this co-solvent would be required before the lean amine is recirculated to the absorber. A shortcut methodology for screening possible co-solvent candidates is presented, and MESH calculations of hypothetical stripping processes employing the high-pressure desorption approach are performed to illustrate the expected behavior of these systems. Pressures above 500 kPa are theoretically obtainable through the use of co-solvents which are less volatile than CO2 but that are still gases at 25 °C and 101.325 kPa, such as isobutane and dimethyl ether. These co-solvents will leave the desorber fractioned between the distillate and the bottom product, thus requiring two additional separation process for recovery. Less volatile solvents will concentrate at the bottom stages of the desorber, while more volatile solvents will flow straight through the column all the way up to the distillate without effectively delivering pressures as high as desired. In other words, this methodology results in a delicate optimization problem of finding ideal volatilities and operational conditions. Though no detailed energy analysis is performed in this preliminary assessment, we have identified a promising opportunity for CO2 production at higher pressures and enumerated the issues one should be concerned with when looking further into high-pressure desorption.

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cancer progression. Super enhancers (SE) play a role in tumorigenesis and regulate the expression of specific lncRNAs. We examined the role of BRD3OS, also named LINC00094, in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Elevated BRD3OS (LINC00094) expression was detected in cSCC cells, and expression was downregulated by SE inhibitors THZ1 and JQ1 and via the MEK1/ERK1/2 pathway. Increased expression of BRD3OS (LINC00094) was noted in tumor cells in cSCCs and their metastases compared to normal skin, actinic keratoses, and cSCCs in situ. Higher BRD3OS (LINC00094) expression was noted in metastatic cSCCs than in non-metastatic cSCCs. RNA-seq analysis after BRD3OS (LINC00094) knockdown revealed significantly regulated GO terms Cell-matrix adhesion, Basement membrane, Metalloendopeptidase activity, and KEGG pathway Extracellular matrix–receptor interaction. Among the top-regulated genes were MMP1, MMP10, and MMP13. Knockdown of BRD3OS (LINC00094) resulted in decreased production of MMP-1 and MMP-13 by cSCC cells, suppressed invasion of cSCC cells through collagen I, and growth of human cSCC xenografts in vivo. Based on these observations, BRD3OS (LINC00094) was named SERLOC (super enhancer and ERK1/2-Regulated Long Intergenic non-protein coding transcript Overexpressed in Carcinomas). These results reveal the role of SERLOC in cSCC invasion and identify it as a potential therapeutic target in advanced cSCC.

Buildings and construction are responsible for about 40% of the energy and process-related CO2 emissions worldwide. At present, the renewal rate of building stock is relatively low, for example in Finland, which is the case under study in this work, it is 1.5% per year. With respect to the target of a carbon neutral world by 2050, the effect on emissions of existing building stock must be considered. In this paper, we present the results of analysis of energy efficiency improvement investment in 12 city-owned buildings in two Finnish cities. Using measured heat and electrical energy consumption data, a model was developed for analyzing the impact of active and passive energy efficiency improvement investment options per building. The examined active technologies were heat pumps, solar photovoltaic panels, and heat recovery in ventilation system, and the passive improvement compared was structural improvements in the building envelope. The results show that investments in energy efficiency improvements can reduce the yearly energy-related operating costs of the buildings by 35% on average. The study further finds that usually investment in active energy efficiency improvements provides a bigger return on investment than passive improvements. The profitability of examined measures makes Public–Private Partnership a feasible way to provide funding for renovation of public buildings.Graphical abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cancer progression. Super enhancers (SE) play a role in tumorigenesis and regulate the expression of specific lncRNAs. We examined the role of

Knowledge on the solubility of gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), in monoethylene glycol (MEG) is relevant for a number of industrial applications such as separation processes and gas hydrate prevention. In this study, the solubility of CO2 in MEG was measured experimentally at temperatures of 333.15, 353.15, and 373.15 K. Experimental data were used to validate Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Continuous fractional component MC simulations in the osmotic ensemble were performed to compute the solubility of CO2 in MEG at the same temperatures and at pressures up to 10 bar. MC simulations were also used to study the solubility of methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitrogen (N2) in MEG at 373.15 K. Solubilities from experiments and simulations are in good agreement at low pressures, but deviations were observed at high pressures. Henry coefficients were also computed using MC simulations and compared to experimental values. The order of solubilities of the gases in MEG at 373.15 K was computed as H2S > CO2 > CH4 > N2. Force field modifications may be required to improve the prediction of solubilities of gases in MEG at high pressures and low temperatures. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes.

We have evaluated the vapor-liquid equilibrium and heat of absorption of CO2 over water-lean mixtures of the amines diisopropylamine and N,N-diethylethanolamine (DEEA). This extends our previous re...

Water-lean solvents are typically defined as mixtures between an organic diluent and an amine. These solvents are thought to deliver potential benefits in CO2 capture systems, such as enhanced mass...

Vapor–liquid equilibria data of three poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)/water liquid crystals (LCs) with CO2 has been obtained up to 6 bar. The investigated LCs consist of 60% (EO)3(PO)50(EO)3 (Pluronic L81), 70% (EO)8(PO)47(EO)8 (Pluronic L92), and 70% L92-NH2. The maximum CO2 loading of the LCs was 5–13 g CO2/kg sample. Pure L81 and L92 displayed higher absorption of CO2 than the LCs. Rheology measurements revealed that the increasing viscosity of the samples decreases the CO2 loading. Water diffusion in the LCs was qualitatively investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance, confirming that free water and tightly bound water are present in the LCs. 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

Our understanding of the surrounding world and communication with other people are tied to mental representations of concepts. In order for the brain to recognize an object, it must determine which concept to access based on information available from sensory inputs. In this study, we combine magnetoencephalography and machine learning to investigate how concepts are represented and accessed in the brain over time. Using brain responses from a silent picture naming task, we track the dynamics of semantic processing, and show that the brain gradually accumulates semantic information before eventually reaching a plateau. The timing of this plateau point varies across individuals, indicating differences in the temporal domain of semantic processing, a new dimension of individual variability in the faculty of language.

Hankkeessa tutkittiin verkkovihan tuottajia ja levittäjiä määrällisesti (verkostoanalyysi, some-aineiston luokittelu) ja laadullisesti (teemat ja retoriikka). Heidän toimintatapojaan ja motiivejaan tarkasteltiin teemahaastatteluin, internet-etnografialla ja verkkokyselyllä. Tietoa tuotettiin myös rangaistavan vihapuheen tekijöistä ja heidän verkostoistaan. Viestinnän sisällön, toimintatapojen ja tapahtumapaikkojen tarkastelun perusteella tuottajat ja levittäjät luokiteltiin ideologisesti, affektiivisesti ja performatiivisesti motivoituneisiin vihapuhujiin. Limittäisillä ryhmillä on eri päämääriä ja viestit kohdistetaan eri yleisöille. Verkkovihaa tuotetaan sekä organisoidusti että spontaanisti. Organisoituneita tuottajia on vähän. Yleisö kierrättää viestejä moninkertaistaen niiden näkyvyyden. Anonyymeja tunnuksia luodaan kertakäyttöä varten. Viharikosten määrä on laskenut ja vihapuherikosten määrä kasvanut. Suurin osa rangaistavasta vihapuheesta on yksittäisten henkilöiden tekemää. Pieni osa on keskenään verkostoituneita äärioikeistolaisessa liikehdinnässä toimivia avainhenkilöitä. Vihapuheen kitkemiseen ehdotamme toimenpiteiksi tutkimustiedon tuottamista, verkkovihan tuottajien ja levittäjien tukimuotoja, tietoisuuden lisäämistä verkkovihan levittämisestä, verkkokeskustelujen seurantaa, some-alustojen vastuunkantoa, poliisin lisäresursseja ja vuoropuhelun edistämistä. Julkaisu on läpikäynyt ulkopuolisen tieteellisen arvioinnin.