Search

Objective: The article provides a comparison on educational preferences of student in Belarus and Lithuania. If the educational preferences of students from Belarus and Lithuania are similar, then this contributes to cross-border cooperation between the universities of these two countries. Methods: The reliable research methods that the author used in the study were: literature review, questioning and statistical processing of questionnaires, verification of statistical hypotheses. Results: It was statistically proved that educational preferences in Belarus and Lithuania are similar. This means that student educational preferences in Belarus and Lithuania are in cognitive proximity. The difference must not be taken into account in planning Cross-Border cooperation Belarusian and Lithuanian universities. The results are highly statistically significant (99,0%). In this case, you have a decision-making process with accurate, controlled probability. Conclusion: The difference of the educational preferences of Belarusian and Lithuanian students is not a barrier to the construction of Cross-Border cooperation in the field of higher education. This scientific fact is in a good practical significance for Cross-Border cooperation in higher education. For example, for creation of knowledge networks.

The effects of climate change are instigating a discourse shift towards net-zero emissions agriculture. However, a sectoral silo paradigm of policy design is incompatible with a systems approach to address complex global environmental challenges. This study introduces a social cartography approach that amalgamates network theory with a nexus perspective to identify social relation changes in the making. The study examines the role of an advisor-led initiative promoting the discourse of climate-smart farming in Scotland and identifies the impacts upon farmer knowledge networks. The social cartography comprises of a survey, farm meeting observations, and social network analysis of the agriculture, climate change, and energy (ACE) policyscape. As a visualization method, the social cartography provides a conceptual compass to navigate social relation changes of farmer knowledge networks amidst discursive transition. The results demonstrate that the advisor-led initiative acts an intermediary of discursive transition by introducing new knowledge frames and practices of farming that facilitate network shifts. However, voluntary measures fall short of instigating cross-sectoral interplay to actualize transformation towards systems integration. Furthermore, the study presents policy design elements to chart a new frontier of integrated agrifood and energy systems governance in Scotland.

La cooperación científica en la investigación se ha convertido en una tendencia dominante en el desarrollo de la nueva generación de políticas, que busca respuestas no sólo en una variedad de disciplinas sino de enfoques, y que solo pueden conseguirse a través de la coordinación académica y científica. Ante esto y la creciente necesidad de crear mejores políticas que resuelvan los dilemas ante los que nos enfrentamos, las redes de investigación y de conocimiento se convierten en herramientas clave. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio es identificar las dimensiones más relevantes que la Red Investigadores de Economía del Banco de la República debe abordar para cumplir con sus objetivos de coordinación académica, la promoción de la investigación económica, y la disminución de la brecha entre las universidades de Colombia en esta materia, especialmente en aquellas regionales. Por medio de la identificación de conceptos clave en la literatura académica, entrevistas a expertos y aporte de información sobre el estado actual de las brechas entre las universidades del país, este estudio pretende dar luces sobre esos pilares clave en los que la Red se debe centrar. Con lo anterior, se quieren sentar las bases para un estudio posterior que, con el tiempo y la disponibilidad de datos, pueda estimar los efectos de la Red en la educación superior en Colombia, y más específicamente, sobre la investigación económica. Los principales resultados permiten identificar cuatro pilares que la Red debe abordar para cumplir de una forma más efectiva sus objetivos, respectivamente: capital humano, inclusión regional y descentralización, condiciones ideales para la cooperación, e isomorfismo institucional. Se encuentra que mejorar y trabajar en el capital humano, la inclusión territorial y la descentralización, alivia las asimetrías regionales. Esto ayuda a crear esas condiciones ideales para la cooperación entre universidades, y esto facilita los procesos de isomorfismo de los que las universidades pueden beneficiarse. Scientific cooperation in research has become a dominant trend in the development of the new generation of policies, which seeks answers not only in a variety of disciplines but of approaches, which can only be achieved through academic and scientific coordination. Given this and the growing need to create better policies that resolve the dilemmas we face, research and knowledge networks become key tools. The objective of this exploratory study is to identify the most relevant dimensions that the Economics Researchers Network of the Banco de la República must address in order to meet its objectives of academic coordination, promotion of economic research, and the reduction of the gap between universities. Through the identification of key concepts in the academic literature, interviews with experts and contribution of information on the current state of the gaps between the country ¿ aims to shed light on those key pillars on which the Network should focus. s universities, this study Through this, the goal is to lay the foundations for a subsequent study that, with time and the availability of data, can estimate the effects of the Network on higher education in Colombia, and more specifically, on economic research. The main results allow us to identify four pillars that the Network must address in order to more effectively fulfill its objectives, respectively: human capital, regional inclusion and decentralization, ideal conditions for cooperation, and institutional isomorphism. Improving and working on human capital, territorial inclusion and decentralization alleviates regional asymmetries. This helps create those ideal conditions for cooperation between universities, and this facilitates isomorphism processes from which universities can benefit. Magíster en Estudios Interdisciplinarios Sobre Desarrollo Maestría

Entrepreneurship in the sub-Saharan African agricultural sector has been growing in recent years because of increasing unemployment and underemployment. In Benin, policies and programs are encouraging individuals to start their own agribusinesses. To further sharpen these policies and programs to improve agricultural entrepreneurship's contribution to the economy, it is essential to avail information on the entrepreneurs, their businesses, and the typologies of agribusinesses. Such information is limited, which reduces the ability to develop evidence-informed policies and programs. This research aims to fill the gaps by describing the features of agricultural entrepreneurs in Benin. A random sample of 819 agricultural entrepreneurs was used, and data were collected on entrepreneurs and their businesses. Descriptive analysis and hierarchical clustering of principal components were performed. The study found that women’s participation in agricultural entrepreneurship in terms of new business formation is still low. Also, the agricultural entrepreneurs are more driven by necessity than opportunity, although they have a highly positive personality, mainly in terms of optimism and risk. At the enterprise level, most agribusinesses have been in operation for more than three years, but only one out of ten entrepreneurs felt that their business was at a mature phase. The research also evidenced that informality in the agribusiness sector is high because almost half of the agribusinesses were not registered with any formal governmental entity, and only three out of ten complied with tax regulations. Agricultural entrepreneurs were active in knowledge networks to expand their activities and improve their performance. Three categories of agribusiness were defined with the cluster analysis: ‘informal agribusinesses’ essentially built for profit, not registered, and owned by not highly educated adult entrepreneurs; ‘professional new agribusinesses’ were mainly operated by young entrepreneurs with a university education and agricultural professional training; and ‘mature agribusinesses’ were mostly formally registered and owned by highly educated entrepreneurs. This research will be instrumental for policymakers and practitioners to better understand agricultural entrepreneurship and improve its economic outcomes. It provides a strong evidence base to support the ongoing motivation of policymakers to provide solutions to unemployment and underemployment through agricultural entrepreneurship.

In addition to their often-cited role as global service hubs, world cities are also global innovation hubs with their connectivity in knowledge networks crucial for the innovation clusters they harbour. While both aspects of world cities' global connectivity may allow their urban economies to grow, we argue that specialization in one of these two net works may increase economic performance. We provide systematic evidence of this substitution effect by examining the changing positions of 129 world cities in inter-city inno vation and service firm networks (2000–2012). Fixed effects panel analysis of city GDP growth confirm that the two networks are partial substitutes. ispartof: Papers In Regional Science vol:101 issue:4 pages:1-21 status: Published online

The Chilean military regime offered a prime example of interactions among elite groups in the making of macroeconomic policies. Through the lens of both Bourdieu's field theory and Mills's elite coordination through networks, we show how Chilean elites sought to implement these policies despite being divided by their transnational and national ties. We have constructed an original database on the 62 most influential individuals within the space of macroeconomic policies using a variety of descriptive methods (multiple correspondence analysis, cluster analysis, and social network analysis), only used on very few occasions to study South American elites. We explore the internal divisions in these elites in terms of their orientation to national and transnational capital and biographical trajectories. We identify three groups – high-ranking military officers, Chicago academic economists, and public and private sector professionals. Military officers were mostly endowed with national assets, while civilian groups relied on transnational resources. Moreover, the Chicago economists, characterized by their transnational and scientific legitimacy, were the closest to influential state positions overall (the Ministry of the Treasury and the Central Bank). Finally, we categorize the same three groups through (national and transnational) network ties. Organizational ties between those groups were significant, particularly among Chicago economists and professionals, which suggests an intense coordination process, facilitated by transnational affiliations and profile.

This study introduces novel research using Practice Context Models supported by Knowledge Networks and Percolation Theory with the aim to contribute to knowledge management in Proof-of-Concept (PoC) activities. The authors envision this proposal as a potential instrument to identify network structures based on a percolation (propagation) threshold and to analyze the importance of nodes (e.g., practitioners, practices, competencies, movements, and scenarios) during the percolation of knowledge in PoC activities. After thirty months immersed in the natural PoC habitat, acting as observers and practitioners, and supported by an ethnographic exercise and a designer-research mindset, the authors identified the production of meaning in PoC activities occurring in a hermeneutic circle characterized by the presence of several knowledge networks; thus, discovering the ‘natural knowledge’ in PoC as a spectrum of cognitive development spread throughout its network, as each node could produce and disseminate certain knowledge that flows and influences other nodes. Therefore, this research presents the use of Practice Context Models ‘connected’ to Knowledge Networks and Percolation Theory as a potential and feasible proposal to be built using the attribution of values (weights) to the nodes (e.g., practitioners, practices, competencies, movements, scenarios, and also knowledge) in the context of PoC with the aim to allow the players (e.g., PoC practitioners) to have more flexibility in building alliances with other players (new nodes); that is, focusing on those nodes with higher value (focus on quality) in collaboration networks, i.e., alliances (connections) with the aim to contribute to knowledge management in the context of PoC.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze how knowledge networks can be configured within a value chain and provide evidence of the coexistence of multiple knowledge networks in the same value chain. Design/methodology/approach The empirical setting is the Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore DOCG wine cluster in the Veneto region of Northeast Italy. Data was collected through the administration by telephone of a semi-structured questionnaire to 37 oenologists, sales managers, production managers and owners of bottling companies in the district. The authors used social network analysis tools to map knowledge networks in the Prosecco cluster. Findings The results shed light on the importance of singling out knowledge networks in clusters at the value chain level to aid practitioners and researchers in this field. In fact, this research proves the existence of knowledge networks specificities related to the various phases of the production process. Research limitations/implications This study has certain limitations. The most relevant is connected to the choice to limit the analysis to a specific cluster. Future research might extend this type of analysis to multiple clusters in different locations. Practical implications The authors explain that in the cluster they studied, internationalization, as a common objective, might be made easier if firms could establish a more developed sales knowledge network. Social implications The relational approach to value chain enables disentangling specific roles of each actors. The social dimension of the value chain is taken in consideration. Originality/value The authors show that a firm operating in the wine industry can have different knowledge networks in the same value chain. This work adds to previous literature on knowledge networks in clusters by shedding light on an important, but still understudied aspect in the cluster functioning. Knowledge diffusion in clusters is not only uneven but is also value chain stage specific. By intersecting literature on knowledge networks, value chain and cluster research, the authors proposed a new perspective of analysis of the wine industry.

International audience; Although there is a broad agreement on the importance of scientific knowledge for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, high levels of uncertainty and debate about what counts as knowledge challenge the use of research for political decision-making. Hence, the question arises, which strategies of scientific knowledge integration are adopted by science-based actor-networks that seek to enhance evidence in sustainability governance. In this article, I study the Sustainable Development Solution Network (SDSN) engaged in different institutional settings and policy fields. With a qualitative document analysis, I compare the overall structure, objectives, thematic focus, formal knowledge processes, and outputs of 22 national sub-networks of the global SDSN in order to elucidate how these initiatives integrate contested sustainability knowledge underpinning the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. My findings suggest that most SDSNs adopt solution-oriented knowledge integration strategies but also that networks in countries with better overall SDG performance tend to adopt assessment-oriented and learning-oriented strategies. In reflecting on these results in the context of the current literature on knowledge integration in sustainability governance, I argue that science–policy interfaces are shaped by the intentional and dynamic interactions of actors within their institutional setting and policy environment, and propose pathways for further research.

Think tank experts and their opinions have acquired a very influential position in China's public diplomacy. While the presence and roles of think tanks is rarely questioned within developed democr...

Collaboration, coordination, and cooperation lie at the core of interorganizational activities. To address the confusion regarding the definitions of these three terms, recent works have proposed redefinitions. Although these proposals address an important concern, we believe that they might be premature because (1) they do not build on a systematic examination of how these terms have been used in the literature and (2) they seem to narrow the focus to a given theory and alliances only, which might unduly restrict the meaning of the terms defined. In this paper, we review the definitions of the three terms as they appear in nine top journals in the general management literature (1948-2017). By studying the definitions, we identify three interactional dimensions that are present to different extents in collaboration, coordination, and cooperation: attitude, behavior, and outcome. Our systematic review confirms the confusion and lack of parsimony in the extant definitions. The overlap in the content of these dimensions across the three terms does not provide a basis for distinctively defining collaboration, coordination, and cooperation. Thus, we further draw on our review to identify two discriminating dimensions that allow us to distinguish these three terms: the temporal stage and the type of goal. Our review contributes to theoretical development by offering a conceptual redefinition of the three terms that renders them distinct and thus facilitates knowledge accumulation and theory development. Moreover, the set of interactional and discriminating dimensions generates a host of managerially relevant research questions about a wide range of interorganizational relationships.

Industrial strategies based on industrial ecology and circular economy have populated the current industrial landscape. However, these approaches focusing on the creation of symbiotic relationship among industries have been relatively insufficiently researched. Although economically and environmentally beneficial, the process of their emergence and development remains unclear. This conceptual research advances the potential role of knowledge in the creation of symbiotic linkages through a qualitative theoretical literature research. The result is a conceptual framework combining different theoretical streams. I conclude that by using absorptive capacity constructs coupled with the principles of industrial ecosystem framed under social network analysis, the genesis of industrial ecosystem can be unearthed. Las estrategias industriales basadas en la ecología industrial y la economía circular han poblado el panorama industrial actual. Sin embargo, los enfoques que se centran en la creación de relaciones simbióticas entre las industrias han sido relativamente poco investigados. Aunque económica y ambientalmente beneficioso, el proceso de su surgimiento y desarrollo sigue sin estar claro. Esta investigación conceptual avanza en el papel potencial del conocimiento en la creación de enlaces simbióticos a través de una investigación cualitativa de revisión de literatura teórica. El resultado es un marco conceptual que combina diferentes corrientes teóricas. Se concluye que, al usar constructos como capacidad de absorción junto con los principios del ecosistema industrial enmarcados en el análisis de redes sociales, el génesis de un ecosistema industrial puede ser descubierto. Estratégias industriais baseadas na ecologia industrial e na economia circular povoaram o cenário industrial atual. No entanto, essas abordagens que se concentram na criação de relações simbióticas entre indústrias têm sido relativamente pouco pesquisadas. Embora seja econômico e ambientalmente benéfico, o processo de seu surgimento e desenvolvimento permanece incerto. Esta pesquisa conceitual avança o papel potencial do conhecimento na criação de vínculos simbióticos por meio de uma revisão qualitativa da literatura teórica. O resultado é uma estrutura conceitual que combina diferentes correntes teóricas. Conclui-se que, usando construções como capacidade de absorção juntamente com os princípios do ecossistema industrial enquadrados na análise de redes sociais, pode-se descobrir a gênese de um ecossistema industrial.

Collaboration, coordination, and cooperation lie at the core of interorganizational activities. To address the confusion regarding the definitions of these three terms, recent works have proposed redefinitions. Although these proposals address an important concern, we believe that they might be premature because (1) they do not build on a systematic examination of how these terms have been used in the literature and (2) they seem to narrow the focus to a given theory and alliances only, which might unduly restrict the meaning of the terms defined. In this paper, we review the definitions of the three terms as they appear in nine top journals in the general management literature (1948-2017). By studying the definitions, we identify three interactional dimensions that are present to different extents in collaboration, coordination, and cooperation: attitude, behavior, and outcome. Our systematic review confirms the confusion and lack of parsimony in the extant definitions. The overlap in the content of these dimensions across the three terms does not provide a basis for distinctively defining collaboration, coordination, and cooperation. Thus, we further draw on our review to identify two discriminating dimensions that allow us to distinguish these three terms: the temporal stage and the type of goal. Our review contributes to theoretical development by offering a conceptual redefinition of the three terms that renders them distinct and thus facilitates knowledge accumulation and theory development. Moreover, the set of interactional and discriminating dimensions generates a host of managerially relevant research questions about a wide range of interorganizational relationships.

Objective: The article provides a comprehensive review on theoretical and empirical research in the field of interregional cooperation. Methods: The empirical basis of the study is represented by the European Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, the set of programmes of the European Union (EU) for supporting cooperation across borders, the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025, the results of the survey “Competitive Cooperation between Territories” (Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia). Results: Within the framework of the proximity theory, which serves as a theoretical basis for interregional interaction, we consider the approaches to the definition of this category, summarize the types and forms of interregional cooperation, the tools by which interregional interaction is carried out, as well as key factors (drivers) contributing to its strengthening, deepening and development and the main barriers that hinder and/or reduce the intensity of interregional cooperation. Conclusion: In the context of digital transformation special attention is paid to cognitive proximity, which manifests itself in the creation of information and knowledge networks and to the concept of macro-region as an economic subspace for closer interregional cooperation.

The article is based on the experiences of collaborative research in the consolidation of knowledge networks, based on the experience of Redecentro – Rede de Pesquisadores sobre o Professor da Região Centro-Oeste, Brazil. It aims to contribute to the debate about the presence of epistemological obstacles that interfere in the processes of metacognition and epistemological surveillance, compromising the social quality of knowledge production. Inspired by the systematization of experiences, we structured the article around two central categories: 1. collaborative and networked research, especially in the context of Redecentro; and 2. the training process of researchers, with a focus on guiding principles of metacognition and epistemological surveillance. We conclude that the collective and collaborative coexistence consolidates an open and sensitive space to the socialization of doubts and experiences, in addition to influencing the collaborative-critical sense in carrying out investigations with more security and autonomy, strengthening emancipatory and humanizing processes, in addition to the research networks. El artículo tiene como tema las experiencias de investigación colaborativa en la consolidación de redes de conocimiento, a partir de la experiencia de Redecentro - Red de Investigadores del Docente de la Región Medio Oeste, Brasil. Tiene como objetivo contribuir al debate sobre la presencia de obstáculos epistemológicos que interfieren en los procesos de metacognición y vigilancia epistemológica, comprometiendo la calidad social de la producción de conocimiento. Inspirándonos en la sistematización de experiencias, estructuramos el artículo en torno a dos categorías centrales: 1. Investigación colaborativa y en red, especialmente en el contexto de Redecentro; y 2. el proceso de formación de investigadores, con un enfoque en los principios rectores de la metacognición y la vigilancia epistemológica. Concluimos que la convivencia colectiva y colaborativa consolida un espacio abierto y sensible a la socialización de dudas y experiencias, además de incidir en el sentido colaborativo-crítico en realizar investigaciones con más seguridad y autonomía, fortaleciendo procesos emancipadores y humanizadores, además de las redes de investigación. O artigo tem por tema as experiências da investigação colaborativa na consolidação de redes de conhecimento, a partir da experiência da Redecentro – Rede de Pesquisadores sobre o Professor da Região Centro-Oeste, Brasil. Tem por objetivo contribuir com o debate acerca da presença de obstáculos epistemológicos que interferem nos processos de metacognição e vigilância epistemológica, comprometendo a qualidade social da produção do conhecimento. Inspirados na sistematização de experiências, estruturamos o artigo em torno de duas categorias centrais: 1. a investigação colaborativa e em rede, especialmente no contexto da Redecentro; e 2. o processo formativo de pesquisadores(as), com foco em princípios orientadores da metacognição e da vigilância epistemológica. Concluímos que a convivência coletiva e colaborativa consolida um espaço aberto e sensível à socialização de dúvidas e experiências, além de influenciar o sentido colaborativo-crítico na realização das investigações com mais segurança e autonomia, fortalecendo processos emancipatórios e humanizadores, para além das redes de pesquisa.

The holy grail of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been to mimic human intelligence using computing machines. Autopoiesis which refers to a system with well-defined identity and is capable of re-producing and maintaining itself and cognition which is the ability to process information, apply knowledge, and change the circumstance are associated with resilience and intelligence. While classical computer science (CCS) with symbolic and sub-symbolic computing has given us tools to decipher the mysteries of physical, chemical and biological systems in nature and allowed us to model, analyze various observations and use information to optimize our interactions with each other and with our environment, it falls short in reproducing even the basic behaviors of living organisms. We present the foundational shortcomings of CCS and discuss the science of infor-mation processing structures (SIPS) that allows us to fill the gaps. SIPS allows us to model su-per-symbolic computations and infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. They use common knowledge representation from the information gained using both symbolic and sub-symbolic computations in the form of system-wide knowledge networks consisting of knowledge nodes and information sharing channels with other knowledge nodes. The knowledge nodes wired together fire together to exhibit autopoietic and cognitive behaviors.

Transfer learning (TL) is a machine learning (ML) method in which knowledge is transferred from the existing models of related problems to the model for solving the problem at hand. Relational TL enables the ML models to transfer the relationship networks from one domain to another. However, it has two critical issues. One is determining the proper way of extracting and expressing relationships among data features in the source domain such that the relationships can be transferred to the target domain. The other is how to do the transfer procedure. Knowledge graphs (KGs) are knowledge bases that use data and logic to graph-structured information; they are helpful tools for dealing with the first issue. The proposed relational feature transfer learning algorithm (RF-TL) embodies an extended structural equation modelling (SEM) as a method for constructing KGs. Additionally, in fields such as medicine, economics, and law related to people’s lives and property safety and security, the knowledge of domain experts is a gold standard. This paper introduces the causal analysis and counterfactual inference in the TL domain that directs the transfer procedure. Different from traditional feature-based TL algorithms like transfer component analysis (TCA) and CORelation Alignment (CORAL), RF-TL not only considers relations between feature items but also utilizes causality knowledge, enabling it to perform well in practical cases. The algorithm was tested on two different healthcare-related datasets — sleep apnea questionnaire study data and COVID-19 case data on ICU admission — and compared its performance with TCA and CORAL. The experimental results show that RF-TL can generate better transferred models that give more accurate predictions with fewer input features.

Innovative power-to-X (P2X) technologies, as a set of emerging new solutions, could play a crucial role in creating sustainable, carbon-neutral economies, such as the hydrogen economy. These technologies, however, are generally not yet implemented on a commercial scale. This research focuses on how innovative, digital inter-organizational knowledge networks of industry representatives and universities could contribute to the commercial implementation of P2X technologies and increase the pace of sustainable hydrogen-based development. The findings of an extended case study with a hybrid (qualitative–quantitative) methodology and a five-year time horizon, suggest the need for a digital knowledge platform, where universities and industry representatives add and combine their knowledge. In contrast with expectations, however, the empirical results show that academia would, not only be capable of supporting the exploration of new solutions, but foster the exploitation of more mature technologies as well. Similarly, large energy companies could also drive exploratory activities, not only exploitative ones. The findings highlight the possible central role of the “system builder” actor, who integrates exploitative-explorative learning and facilitates the formation of a (digital) innovation ecosystem. By exceeding the dominant techno-economic and environmental aspects, this research contributes to the literature by highlighting the applicability of network-based innovation management theory for hydrogen economy research.

Resumen Objetivo: Explicar el desempeño de una red de conocimiento, entendida desde la psicología de la inclusión como un sistema de gestión, producción y transferencia entre las demandas del entorno y las capacidades de la organización. Método: Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional con una selección muestral no probabilística de 300 administrativos, docentes y estudiantes de una universidad pública, considerando su interacción en prácticas profesionales. Se utilizó la Escala de Complejidad Organizacional de García (2016), la cual es una síntesis de 1) Inventario de Estrategias de Pensamiento (Torkamani & Mahmoudi, 2016); 2) Escala de Inteligencia Competitiva (Saleh, Rahimi & Amirnejad, 2015); 3) Cuestionario de Aprendizaje Organizacional (Erfani & Jafari, 2013), los cuales se procesaron con la técnica Delphi. Resultados: El grado de aprendizaje de la red de conocimiento siguió un patrón selectivo, ya que las posibles combinaciones de las redes de conocimiento sugieren que la capa de entrada al estar regulada por la capa intermedia refleja, en la capa de salida, una gestión, producción y transferencia de conocimiento en función de las tareas más que de los objetivos o las metas. Se advierte la emergencia de una inteligencia organizacional centrada en cuatro factores: Autorregulación, disipación, adaptabilidad y dinamismo. Conclusión: Se advierten líneas de investigación alusivas a las posibles relaciones entre factores tales como la motivación al logro, la utilidad esperada o la facilidad de llevar a cabo una tarea en red como determinantes del clima de tareas, principal factor emergente de la red de conocimiento. Abstract Objective: To explain the performance of a knowledge network, understood as a system of management, production and transfer between the demands of the environment and the capabilities of the organization. Method: A non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample selection of 300 administrative staff, teachers and students of a public university, considering their interaction in professional practices. The Organizational Complexity Scale de García (2016) was used, which is a synthesis of 1) Inventory of Thinking Strategies (Torkamani & Mahmoudi, 2016); 2) Scale of Competitive Intelligence (Saleh, Rahimi & Amirnejad, 2015); 3) Organizational Learning Questionnaire (Erfani & Jafari, 2013) which were processed with the Delphi technique. Results: The degree of learning of the knowledge network followed a selective pattern because, the possible combinations of the knowledge networks suggest that the input layer, when regulated by the intermediate layer, reflects in the output layer; management, production and transfer of knowledge in terms of tasks rather than objectives or goals. One can see the emergence of an organizational intelligence centered on four factors: self-regulation, dissipation, adaptability and dynamism. Conclusion: There are lines of research alluding to the possible relationships between factors such as the motivation to achieve, the expected utility or the ease of carrying out a network task as determinants of the task climate, the main emerging factor of the knowledge network.

Background Scientific literature carries a wealth of information crucial for research, but only a fraction of it is present as structured information in databases and therefore can be analyzed using traditional data analysis tools. Natural language processing (NLP) is often and successfully employed to support humans by distilling relevant information from large corpora of free text and structuring it in a way that lends itself to further computational analyses. For this pilot, we developed a pipeline that uses NLP on biological literature to produce knowledge networks. We focused on the flesh color of potato, a well-studied trait with known associations, and we investigated whether these knowledge networks can assist us in formulating new hypotheses on the underlying biological processes. Results We trained an NLP model based on a manually annotated corpus of 34 full-text potato articles, to recognize relevant biological entities and relationships between them in text (genes, proteins, metabolites and traits). This model detected the number of biological entities with a precision of 97.65% and a recall of 88.91% on the training set. We conducted a time series analysis on 4023 PubMed abstract of plant genetics-based articles which focus on 4 major Solanaceous crops (tomato, potato, eggplant and capsicum), to determine that the networks contained both previously known and contemporaneously unknown leads to subsequently discovered biological phenomena relating to flesh color. A novel time-based analysis of these networks indicates a connection between our trait and a candidate gene (zeaxanthin epoxidase) already two years prior to explicit statements of that connection in the literature. Conclusions Our time-based analysis indicates that network-assisted hypothesis generation shows promise for knowledge discovery, data integration and hypothesis generation in scientific research.

This review discusses the recently published book Vademecum: 77 Minor Terms for Writing Urban places, edited by Klaske Havik, Kris Pint, Svava Riesto and Henriette Steiner. The book is the product of an interdisciplinary collaboration of 38 authors, and consists of a collection of terms that offer alternative understandings of urban space and places. In the review, I discuss the topic, structure, and relevance of the book, I suggest different ways of reading it, and I connect it with related genealogies in cultural and spatial studies. Overall, the wide geographical and disciplinary spectrum of Vademecum makes it a good read for anyone engaged with the complex object of landscape.

This article aims to build a network for the exchange of knowledge between the government and production, community and university sectors for sustainable local development. To achieve this, the authors relied on the concepts of sustainable local development, social capital, the relationship between sectors or intersectorality, networks and interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. Regarding the methodology, the abductive method was used. Under a documentary design, the research techniques were a content analysis of theoretical documents and the deductive inference technique. The construction of a knowledge exchange network for sustainable local development stands out as the result. It is concluded that knowledge networks for sustainable local development have positive implications in the establishment of alliances and links between the sectors that make up society.

The standards of educational information exchange are still firmly rooted in a Newtonian paradigm that emphasizes strict rules of information exchange. With the explosion of information since World War II, and especially its accessibility through the mechanism of the internet, this paradigm has become a barrier to effective exchanges of information at all levels. Vannevar Bush recognized this problem as early as 1945 and provided a roadmap to addressing it in his famous As We May Think. Douglas Engelbart and Theodore Holmes Nelson applied Bush’s vision to technology but we have never fully realized its potential in part due to our Newtonian information paradigm. This article argues that what Bush, Engelbart, and Nelson proposed is essentially an Einsteinian (relativistic) notion of information flows with tools specifically designed to facilitate the augmentation of human knowledge. It further posits what such a system of knowledge exchange might look like and how we might begin to build it.

We develop a quantitative framework for understanding the class of wicked problems that emerge at the intersections of natural, social, and technological complex systems. Wicked problems reflect our incomplete understanding of interdependent global systems and the systemic risk they pose; such problems escape solutions because they are often ill-defined, and thus mis-identified and under-appreciated by communities of problem-solvers. While there are well-documented benefits to tackling boundary-crossing problems from various viewpoints, the integration of diverse approaches can nevertheless contribute confusion around the collective understanding of the core concepts and feasible solutions. We explore this paradox by analyzing the development of both scholarly (social) and topical (cognitive) communities — two facets of knowledge production studies here that contribute towards the evolution of knowledge in and around a problem, termed a knowledge trajectory — associated with three wicked problems: deforestation, invasive species, and wildlife trade. We posit that saturation in the dynamics of social and cognitive diversity growth is an indicator of reduced uncertainty in the evolution of the comprehensive knowledge trajectory emerging around each wicked problem. Informed by comprehensive bibliometric data capturing both social and cognitive dimensions of each problem domain, we thereby develop a framework that assesses the stability of knowledge trajectory dynamics as an indicator of wickedness associated with conceptual and solution uncertainty. As such, our results identify wildlife trade as a wicked problem that may be difficult to address given recent instability in its knowledge trajectory.

[ES] En este libro se recogen las comunicaciones presentadas al Congreso Internacional Rethinking Clusters, que tuvo lugar en Valencia en noviembre de 2020. Los argumentos de los trabajos presentados se refieren a la innovación, industria 4.0 y sostenibilidad pero sobre todo están relacionados con clústeres y la investigación sobre clústeres. Los temas van desde los ciclos de vida de los clústeres, pasando por la creatividad, la competitividad, las redes conocimiento, las cuestiones de política de clústeres, la internacionalización y por último la variedad y relación entre clústeres., [EN] This book contains the papers presented at the international conference 'Rethinking Clusters', which took place in Valencia in November 2020. The topics of the papers presented include innovation, industry 4.0 and sustainability but above all, they are related to clusters and cluster's research. Topics range from the life cycles of clusters, through creativity, competitiveness, knowledge networks, cluster policy issues, internationalization and finally the variety and relationship between clusters.

Las redes de conocimiento se han convertido en una de las mejores alternativas para la configuración de nodos interconectados de conocimiento, facilitando así el relacionamiento, la identificación de objetivos y, sobre todo, el intercambio de conocimiento entre las personas como elemento fundamental de las redes. La Biblioteca de la Universidad EAFIT no es ajena a este propósito de trabajo en red. Esta investigación busca identificar estas redes de conocimiento vinculadas con el Centro Cultural Biblioteca Luis Echavarría Villegas y propone un marco de gestión para esas redes. Es un trabajo de tipo cualitativo con alcance descriptivo, que incluye revisión bibliográfica, indagaciones con personal administrativo y entrevistas a directivas que ayudan a dar contexto a la investigación. De esta manera, la investigación presenta una propuesta que permita gestionar las redes de conocimiento, basada en personas y procesos y apoyándose en la tecnología como un habilitador. Así, los elementos en conjunto proporcionan a la Biblioteca una metodología que se enfoca en alcanzar los objetivos propuestos., Knowledge networks have become one of the best alternatives for the configuration of interconnected nodes of knowledge, thus facilitating relationships, the identification of objectives and, above all, the exchange of knowledge between people as a fundamental element of networks. The EAFIT University Library is not alien to this purpose of networking. This research seeks to identify these knowledge networks linked to the Luis Echavarría Villegas Cultural Library Center and proposes a management framework for these networks. It is a qualitative work with a descriptive scope, which includes a bibliographic review, inquiries with administrative personnel and interviews with managers that help to give context to the research. In this way, the research leads to presenting a proposal that allows managing knowledge networks, based on people and processes, relying on technology as an enabler, thus the elements together provide the Library with a methodology that focuses on achieving the proposed objectives.

Online platforms provide a technological infrastructure allowing social actors to enact and utilize networks with a global reach. They play important roles as intermediaries and algorithm-based curators of social interaction. This paper addresses two knowledge gaps: First, while a growing number of empirical studies has deepened our insights into the social dynamics characterizing single platforms, little is known about the multiple ways in which users or user groups combine diverse online offers according to their preferences. Second, the empirical focus has mainly been on online interaction. However, in everyday practices, the online is always situated in offline practices. It is thus necessary to understand the complex interdependencies of online and offline spheres. This paper therefore aims to develop an ecological heuristic that positions the user(s) and their practices center stage in the analysis and to elucidate the on/offline opportunity spaces and the affordances and constraints they provide for user agency.

PURPOSE: The objective of this paper is to propose a concept of network resource distribution that systematically unifies the resource-based and network-based perspectives on interfirm networks and enables integrated analysis of how firm resources and network structure interact to affect firm performance. METHODOLOGY: This conceptual paper first reviews the extant literature on interfirm networks and then develops the unifying concept of network resource distribution. FINDINGS: The literature review indicates that strategy scholars have long sought to integrate the resource-based view and the social network explanations of firm performance but, thus far, only a partial integration has been achieved. In particular, studies on the resource-level heterogeneity of interfirm networks have largely been limited to the analysis of firm dyads. How firm resources and network structure beyond the immediate network partners interact to affect firm performance has not yet been adequately addressed. The proposed unified concept of network resource distribution systematizes prior research and illuminates how network structure and firm resources interact to affect firm performance beyond the immediate network partners. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: For theory, this paper highlights gaps in the extant literature on interfirm networks and proposes a unifying concept that can be utilized to address these gaps and to develop further theory in the area. For practice, this paper encourages managers not to limit their analyses of strategic alliances to immediate partnerships; it is also crucial to consider the partners and their resources, and reflect on how they are related to one another outside of the immediate partnership portfolio. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Network resource distribution is a novel concept that ties together and systematizes various strands of research on interfirm networks, thus providing a foundation for future research in the area. The concept is also amenable to detailed operationalization, facilitating subsequent quantitative testing of theoretical arguments combining firm resources and the structure of a network.

The Corona pandemic has shown us more than any other recent event that when it comes to a global crisis, we are all in the same boat. In a complex world, we need cooperation to meet global challenges. Networks can provide a structure that enables cooperation and offers promises of being flexible and adaptable. This paper will focus on transnational and transdisciplinary knowledge networks formed by alumni – people who have experienced collective training at the start of their network journeys. Through this shared experience, I see a special potential for these types of networks to engage in collaborative work and create a wider impact in society. The overall question of this paper is: How can knowledge networks fully develop their transformative potential through strategic alumni management? This question is of interest to network facilitators, especially of alumni networks. In order to address the challenge, the paper first presents findings from the alumni management literature focusing on the definition of alumni management, its relevance and the life stages of ideal alumni. This is complemented by insights from the social movement area that highlight the development paths of networks as well as the success factors for social impact networks. Empirical examples from existing alumni networks elaborate the success factors within their work. From these three areas, five recommendations are deduced. In order to foster transformation and create social impact beyond their networks, alumni networks should: (1) align their activities to the life stages of their alumni, (2) establish and nurture trustful relations among their network members – encompassing all elements of trust (benevolence and confidence, reliability and predictability, competence, honesty, openness as well as familiarity and intimacy), (3) initiate and continually work on a collaborative we-identity process, (4) provide supporting structures that allow for making easy connections as well as (5) enable self-organisation. When these five recommendations are taken into consideration, knowledge networks have a great potential to support societal change., Discussion Paper

Formal and semi-formal networks are emerging as effective, collaborative, and adaptable approaches for addressing complex, rapidly evolving ocean governance issues. One such group of networks, which we refer to as marine-related learning networks, play multifaceted roles within ocean governance systems by facilitating knowledge creation, exchange, and dissemination, and by building the capacity of individuals and institutions to address problems and improve coastal and ocean governance. This study investigates the emergence, key attributes, and outcomes of marine-related networks using semi-structured interview data from 40 key informants representing 16 different networks that operate around the world at local, national, regional, and global scales. Our findings indicate that marine-related learning networks form in response to knowledge and action gaps and the specific needs of network members, and they function to inform policy and improve ocean management. Their success depends on attributes such as having a distinct purpose, building trust and relationships, emphasizing equitable participation, and supporting clear, sustained leadership. Marine-related learning networks are uniquely positioned to act as catalyzers and conduits to build capacity and develop solutions in response to governance needs through inclusive and collaborative responses to ongoing and emerging marine issues. As such, a broader understanding of their growing significance and the effective practices they employ is warranted.

El Campus virtual tiene varios objetivos: fortalecer la formación universitaria mediante el diseño de modelos y prácticas educativas mediadas por tecnologías digitales; crear comunidades de aprendizaje y redes de conocimiento; promover el acceso libre a la información y al conocimiento con responsabilidad social; y brindar servicios de asesoría, capacitación, soporte y desarrollo de recursos digitales a profesores e investigadores en las áreas de formación de la facultad. Se articulan cuatro planes maestros vinculados a cuatro procesos de gestión específicos: “Aprendizaje”, “Producción del Conocimiento”, “Uso y Distribución Social del Conocimiento” y “Mejora Continua”. Los diversos programas han consolidado el uso crítico de las TIC en la formación de los estudiantes y de la formación de cuadros docentes capaces de generar, promover y conducir innovaciones en los procesos educativos, los contenidos, los métodos, las prácticas y los medios dirigidos a mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje en todo tipo de ambiente educativo. The virtual campus aims to strengthen university education through the design of educational models and practices mediated by digital technologies; create learning communities and knowledge networks; free access to information and knowledge with social responsibility; provide consulting services, training, support and development of digital resources services to teachers and researchers in the areas of teacher training. Four Master Plans linked to four specific Management Processes: Learning, Knowledge Production, Use and Social Distribution of Knowledge and Continuous Improvement. Some programs have consolidated the critical use of TIC in the training of students and the training of teaching staff capable of generating, promoting and carrying out innovations in the processes, contents, methods, practices and educational means aimed at improving the quality of the learning in all types of educational environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T00:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-11 Identify whether knowledge networks can provide a better use of information and knowledge as organizational resources. Thus, organizations must consider the process of mapping sources and informational flows in the construction of new knowledge, and consequently, build their knowledge networks in a structured way. In this sense, industries are immersed in large volumes of information and knowledge, however, they do not have a culture of valuing these resources. Thus, it is important to consider the subjects that make up these organizations, as well as their relationships in the processes that involve knowledge and information. The research universe was Danilla Foods, an industry that has as its essence the construction of new products through innovations, since an outsourced company carries out its manufacture. For this, the ‘case study’ method was used, and with this, a structured script for direct observation, closed questionnaires and structured interviews was applied throughout the organization. With the data collected, it was possible to carry out an analysis and understand how the organizational subjects access information and knowledge in the internal and external environment. In this way, it was possible to build the organization’s knowledge network, identifying specific aspects for innovation as a process. It was identified that the network is centralized in a few individuals, which can compromise the construction of new knowledge. At the end, parameters were presented in order to provide a better use of the industry in favor of its innovations through the construction of new knowledge. Universidade de Marília (Unimar) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho Escola de Estudos da Informação Universidade McGill. Anaheim University Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho

Gender audits are an approach for putting gender on the policy agenda and are an alternative to gender budgets being less dependant on experts in government finance. This paper explores the effectiveness of gender audits as an approach to mainstreaming in the energy sector which has lagged other sectors in mainstreaming gender. The assessment takes the experiences of an international network on gender and sustainable energy that aims to get gender onto the energy policy agenda. Since there is no standard audit methodology, the network developed its own. The paper uses an analysis of qualitative data, reviews of audit reports and key informant interviews to answer two questions. As a result of gender audits, have gender issues or attending to women's particular interests been incorporated in energy policy? Did participation in an audit build the capacity of national actors to contribute to gender mainstreaming in the energy sector? Detailed data comes from network countries conducting audits: Kenya, Senegal and Nepal, with supporting evidence from 8 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The gender audit methodology used is partially effective in integrating gender issues into government energy policy. Pragmatic, conceptual and political barriers to gender mainstreaming continue to operate. Adopting gender-aware policies occurs rapidly in organisations that participated in the audits. Male employees more readily accept gender policies when they see that policies also benefits men. In the audit countries, a group of national gender and energy experts has been established able to contribute to mainstreaming gender in the energy sector.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-01 Identify whether knowledge networks can provide a better use of information and knowledge as organizational resources. Thus, organizations must consider the process of mapping sources and informational flows in the construction of new knowledge, and consequently, build their knowledge networks in a structured way. In this sense, industries are immersed in large volumes of information and knowledge, however, they do not have a culture of valuing these resources. Thus, it is important to consider the subjects that make up these organizations, as well as their relationships in the processes that involve knowledge and information. The research universe was Danilla Foods, an industry that has as its essence the construction of new products through innovations, since an outsourced company carries out its manufacture. For this, the 'case study' method was used, and with this, a structured script for direct observation, closed questionnaires and structured interviews was applied throughout the organization. With the data collected, it was possible to carry out an analysis and understand how the organizational subjects access information and knowledge in the internal and external environment. In this way, it was possible to build the organization's knowledge network, identifying specific aspects for innovation as a process. It was identified that the network is centralized in a few individuals, which can compromise the construction of new knowledge. At the end, parameters were presented in order to provide a better use of the industry in favor of its innovations through the construction of new knowledge. Univ Marilia Unimar, Marilia, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Informacao, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil McGill Univ, Escola Estudos Informacao, Montreal, PQ, Canada Anaheim Univ, Anaheim, CA USA Univ Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Informacao, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

Human learners acquire complex interconnected networks of relational knowledge. The capacity for such learning naturally depends on two factors: the architecture (or informational structure) of the knowledge network itself and the architecture of the computational unit—the brain—that encodes and processes the information. That is, learning is reliant on integrated network architectures at two levels: the epistemic and the computational, or the conceptual and the neural. Motivated by a wish to understand conventional human knowledge, here, we discuss emerging work assessing network constraints on the learnability of relational knowledge, and theories from statistical physics that instantiate the principles of thermodynamics and information theory to offer an explanatory model for such constraints. We then highlight similarities between those constraints on the learnability of relational networks, at one level, and the physical constraints on the development of interconnected patterns in neural systems, at another level, both leading to hierarchically modular networks. To support our discussion of these similarities, we employ an operational distinction between the modeller (e.g. the human brain), the model (e.g. a single human’s knowledge) and the modelled (e.g. the information present in our experiences). We then turn to a philosophical discussion of whether and how we can extend our observations to a claim regarding explanation and mechanism for knowledge acquisition. What relation between hierarchical networks, at the conceptual and neural levels, best facilitate learning? Are the architectures of optimally learnable networks a topological reflection of the architectures of comparably developed neural networks? Finally, we contribute to a unified approach to hierarchies and levels in biological networks by proposing several epistemological norms for analysing the computational brain and social epistemes, and for developing pedagogical principles conducive to curious thought.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’.

This paper analyses the determinants of inter-regional innovation cooperation in European knowledge networks. Our main goal is to assess whether structural heterogeneity in the context of the “urban-rural dichotomy” and international borders can explain differences in the regions’ engagement in inter-regional innovation cooperation. We estimate a gravity equation to model innovation cooperation, proxied by inter-regional co-patent applications, as a function of region-specific context conditions as well as technological and geographical distance. Our data comprise dyadic information on 203 NUTS2 regions in 15 European countries (EU-15) for the year 2010. The empirical results show that the basic gravity mechanisms drive the direction and strength of innovation cooperation between EU regions; i.e., geographical distance acts as an impediment to inter-regional co-patent applications. Regarding the importance of structural heterogeneity, we find that pairs of rural regions have lower levels of innovation cooperation compared to urban regions. Similarly, border regions are generally disadvantaged compared to non-border regions in terms of the intensity of innovation cooperation. However, while the latter result points to a negative border effect, our gravity model estimates also show that pairs of border regions are more active in terms of close geographical innovation cooperation (e.g., through international cross-border cooperation), which partly compensates for the negative border effect. This finding not only holds for urban but also rural border regions and may reflect policy attempts to support border regions, e.g., by strengthening the level of international cross-border cooperation within the EU.

Knowledge-in-Use, i.e., the ability to apply what one has learned, is a major goal of education and involves the ability to transfer one’s knowledge. While some general principles of knowledge transfer have been revealed, the literature is full of inconclusive results and it remains hard to predict successful transfer. However, research into expertise suggests that how one organizes one’s knowledge is critical for successful transfer. Drawing on data from a larger study on the learning of energy, we employed network analysis to investigate how the organization of students’ knowledge about energy influenced their ability to transfer and what role achievement goal orientation may have played in this. We found that students that had more coherently organized knowledge networks were more successful in transfer. Furthermore, we also found a connection between mastery goal orientation and the organization of students’ knowledge networks. Our results extend the literature by providing evidence for a direct connection between the organization of students’ knowledge networks, their success in transfer, and their goal orientation and hint at the complexities in the relationship between mastery approach goal orientation and successful transfer beyond what is reported in the literature.

Purpose This study aims to examine reciprocal exchanges in knowledge networks using temporal differentiation of knowledge exchanges. To date, research on horizontal knowledge networks rather overlooks the temporal perspective, which could explain the dynamics of exchange in those networks. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports on a study of four horizontal knowledge networks in the UK over a period of 18 months. Findings The findings integrate three temporal dimensions of timescale, timeliness and time modalities. The dimensions have implications for the way knowledge is exchanged (or not), which can in turn sustain or stymie productive knowledge exchange in horizontal knowledge networks. Research limitations/implications The study encourages researchers to attend to the micro-processes of knowledge exchanges through the integrative framework of temporalities. While this study examined horizontal networks, future research can be extended to analysing temporalities in other types of networks. Practical implications It seeks to inspire practitioners to appreciate how the impacts of knowledge networks play out in/over time, and how more effective coopetitive knowledge-sharing environments can be created and sustained by taking differentiated time structures into account. Originality/value This study contributes to the knowledge management literature by providing a temporal perspective to understand reciprocal knowledge exchanges in horizontal knowledge networks.

We examine how a firm’s centrality within a network of geographically proximate firms affects its competitive capabilities. Our study of the total population of one Spanish cluster of fishing firms shows that the effects of centrality on a firm’s competitive capabilities are contingent on the effects of two relational characteristics of its direct ties: strength and degree of cognitive cohesion. Specifically, our results indicate that the centrality of a firm within the cluster network enhances its competitive capabilities as the strength of its direct ties increases. Furthermore, firms can capture the value of centrality for enhancing competitive capabilities with a combination of strong (or weak) direct ties and low (or high) degree of cognitive cohesion. We contribute to the network and strategy literatures by reconciling conflicting results with regard to the strategic benefits of a firm’s centrality in a cluster and the relational characteristics of its direct ties.JEL CLASSIFICATION L14; M1; Q22; R10

This is a condensed version of an interview with Laura Grace Weldon, author of Free Range Learning: How Homeschooling Changes Everything, by Rebecca Bohnman on The Luminous Mind podcast. Weldon discusses her family’s shift from schooling to homeschooling tounschooling. She also describes using research to shake off a conventional school mindset, the benefits of diversity in homeschooling/unschooling groups, recognizing knowledge networks, and more.

In this article, we develop a new way to capture knowledge diffusion and assimilation in innovation networks by means of an agent-based simulation model. The model incorporates three essential characteristics of knowledge that have not been covered entirely by previous diffusion models: the network character of knowledge, compatibility of new knowledge with already existing knowledge, and the fact that transmission of knowledge requires some form of attention. We employ a network-of- networks approach, where agents are located within an innovation network and each agent itself contains another network composed of knowledge units (KUs). Since social learning is a path-dependent process, in our model, KUs are exchanged among agents and integrated into their respective knowledge networks depending on the received KUs’ compatibility with the currently focused ones. Thereby, we are also able to endogenize attributes such as absorptive capacity that have been treated as an exogenous parameter in some of the previous diffusion models. We use our model to simulate and analyze various scenarios, including cases for different degrees of knowledge diversity and cognitive distance among agents as well as knowledge exploitation vs. exploration strategies. Here, the model is able to distinguish between two levels of knowledge diversity: heterogeneity within and between agents. Additionally, our simulation results give fresh impetus to debates about the interplay of innovation network structure and knowledge diffusion. In summary, our article proposes a novel way of modeling knowledge diffusion, thereby contributing to an advancement of the economics of innovation and knowledge.

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, science and technology opened up new avenues for dairy farmers. Improved techniques for measuring the percentage of fat content in milk and new mechanical production processes had a considerable influence on the dairy production system. However, knowledge was essential to make the most of these opportunities. Historians have offered diverse explanations for the implementation of a knowledge infrastructure within pre-existing dairy networks. Some studies have emphasized the role of individual actors, while others focused on the influence of cooperative structures. This article contributes to the latter and adds a geographical dimension to the organizational history of dairy knowledge. Based on research in archives and newspapers, it investigates two knowledge institutions in the Dutch province of Friesland: a dairy consultancy and a dairy school, both founded in 1889. The conclusion is that the implementation of knowledge institutions was encouraged by the interplay between regional initiatives and national economic policies Durante el último cuarto del siglo xix, la ciencia y la tecnología abrieron nuevas posibilidades a los ganaderos de leche. La mejora de las técnicas para medir el porcentaje de grasa en la leche y la mecanización de los procesos productivos tuvieron una influencia considerable sobre el sistema de producción lácteo. Sin embargo, el conocimiento fue esencial para aprovechar estas oportunidades al máximo. Los historiadores han ofrecido diversas explicaciones de la implantación de una infraestructura del conocimiento dentro de las redes lácteas ya existentes. Algunos estudios han enfatizado el papel de actores individuales, mientras que otros se centraron en la influencia de las estructuras cooperativas. Este artículo contribuye a esta segunda línea de investigación, añadiendo una dimensión geográfica a la historia organizativa del conocimiento lácteo. Basado en fuentes de archivo y periódicos, el artículo investiga dos instituciones relacionadas con el conocimiento en la provincia holandesa de Frisia: una consultoría láctea y una escuela láctea, ambas fundadas en 1889. El artículo concluye que la implantación de instituciones relacionadas con el conocimiento fue alentada por la interacción entre iniciativas regionales y políticas económicas nacionales

The paper analyses links in knowledge networks that are essential for the integration and knowledge diffusion properties of the entire network. By focusing on critical links, as defined in network science, we evaluate these links’ properties from the perspective of the proximity and regional gatekeeper literature. We thereby gain insights into likely conditions of their emergence and functions. Moreover, we extend the dyadic perspective on regional gatekeeper organisations and link it more strongly to the network science and proximity framework literature. An empirical study applies these arguments and investigates the proximity characteristics of critical links in 132 technology-specific subsidised knowledge networks in Germany. The results show that critical links tend be formed between regional gatekeepers that offer related knowledge resources. The links bridge institutional distances by utilising the benefits of geographic and social proximity.

This paper presents how some communication problems between business and Technical Education System (TES) can be reduced. This comes to a misunderstanding of the needs of entrepreneurs for the knowledge and skills, in this paper treated as a resource on the market. The authors explain why debated issue falls in the area of corporate management. It identifies one of the reasons hindering the solution of problems. In order to clarify the issues it references the achievements of analytic philosophy of language and the theory of communication code. It proposed a method of facilitating the solution of the problem, which is being implemented since 2016 by the research team, co-created by the authors of this publication. The aim of the development of this publication is to supplement the theoretical and practical knowledge of management in manufacturing companies and others with high technical potential, where there is a large, growing and rapidly changing demand for knowledge and technical skills.

The History of Mary Prince, a West-Indian Slave, Related by Herself (1831) is the first published woman’s slave narrative. In her History, Prince describes horrendous physical violence to which she and other enslaved peoples of African descent are subjected as well as the corresponding psychological and sexual abuse they endure. While Prince “speaks” the sexual abuse to some extent, how she knows what she knows goes unspoken. She expresses her knowledge of reading and writing and, at times, of the law, but she does not explain how she obtains this knowledge or knows what she knows. Her optimism to travel from one geographic location to another may indicate some knowledge that her circumstances may improve; yet when she arrives in a new location, her conditions worsen with the exceptions of Antigua and England. From the beginning of her History, Prince possesses a strong desire to escape the conditions of chattel slavery, especially shown as she travels from Brackish Pond to Spanish Point in Bermuda, from Bermuda to Turks Island, and later from Turks Island to Bermuda, then to Antigua, and finally to England. As she relates her travel, Prince speaks her knowledge networks that lay hidden within her narrative through her “silences.”

ispartof: PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE vol:98 issue:5 pages:1903-+ status: published

RESUMEN: En el actual informe, se presentan los resultados de la segunda etapa (primera etapa: Vélez Cuartas, et al, 2017), para la cual se mejoraron algunos indicadores y el esquema conceptual. La mayoría de los indicadores se han aplicado a la UdeA en general, sin embargo, en esta ocasión se hizo una focalización a partir de la selección de seis de sus facultades más grandes: Ingeniería, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Medicina, Ciencias Agrarias y Artes. También se consideraron distintas áreas del conocimiento, según el Manual de Frascati. El propósito de este estudio es generar indicadores con diferentes formas de producción colaborativa o dirigida a diferentes públicos, para la construcción de conocimiento y el desarrollo de las misiones sustantivas universitarias (docencia, investigación y extensión -tercera misión-) desde la mirada de la relación universidad-entorno. ABSTRACT: In the current report, the results of the second stage are presented (first stage: Vélez Cuartas, et al, 2017), for which some indicators and the conceptual scheme were improved. Most of the indicators have been applied to the University of Antioquia (Medellin-Colombia) in general. However, this time a focus was made from the selection of six of its largest faculties: Engineering, Social Sciences and Humanities, Exact and Natural Sciences, Medicine, Agricultural Sciences and Arts. Different areas of knowledge were also considered, according to the Frascati Manual. The final purpose of this study was to generate indicators with different forms of collaborative production or directed to different audiences, for the construction of knowledge and the development of the substantive university missions (teaching, research and extension -third mission-), which allowed a new Model to identify the university-environment relationship. COL0074901 COL0114177 COL0008423