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American Daoism is a unique development of the Daoist tradition that actually tends to separate itself from that tradition. The central text of American Daoism is the Laozi, which has been translated into English by trained scholars and other persons who may not have had formal training in approaching the text. One aspect of American Daoism is the production of new versions of the Laozi by authors who do not necessarily understand the Chinese language. In this paper, I look at the introductions of these pseudo-translations to gain insight to the authors’ motivation and thoughts for their works. Through these authors’ justifications for rewriting the Laozi and the process they undertake to do so is made clear and a new, Chinese-distant Laozi aligned with Western culture and religion is found as well., アメリカの道教は、道教の伝統・歴史の中でユニークな発展を遂げており、実際にはその伝統と歴史から分離する傾向がある。アメリカ道教が重んじるテキストは英訳の『老子』であり、このテキストは、中国文化などを専門とする学者やまったく専門外の英語の『老子』に精通している人々によって書かれている。アメリカ道教の特徴の一つは、必ずしも著者が中国語を理解し、原文を読んで新しいバージョンの『老子』を作成するわけではない。この論文では、これらの中国語原文に基づかない英文『老子』の序文から、著者の動機と『老子』に対する考えなどを読み解く。その結果、著者が新たな『老子』を書き上げる理由、その過程などが明らかになり、西洋の文化や宗教と調和した中国離れした新たな『老子』の姿が見えてくるのである。

International audience; Many researchers, policy makers and food activists view Short Food Supply Chains (SFSC) as attractive levers for improving farm income and the sustainability of farming systems. However, the empirical evidence documenting the association between SFSC participation and farm economic performance has been mixed. In this study, through a meta-analysis using a logistic regression, we identify key factors to explain differences between studies that find better economic performance in SFSC and those that do not. Our meta-analysis consists of 48 studies published in English and French from 2000 to 2022 that examine the economic performance of farms engaged in SFSC. Based on far more empirical evidence than previous reviews, we find that the relationship between SFSC participation and farmer income remains ambiguous. More specifically the findings indicate that the reported effect of SFSC on a farm economic performance varies depending on location and the indicator used to capture the economic performance of farms. Studies conducted in Europe are more likely to report higher farmer income as are studies that use profit satisfaction metrics rather than measures of gross or net income. We also emphasize the need to interpret the reported results cautiously because few are based on causal inference methods. Furthermore, the very few studies that account for selection bias often do so with inadequate corrections.

Supplelementary data table for the "Variations in coupling and deformation along the Hellenic subduction zone" manuscript in TJES

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics lasting more than a year. It is highly polygenic in nature with both rare and common previously associated variants. Epidemiological studies have shown TS to be correlated with other phenotypes, but large-scale phenome wide analyses in biobank level data have not been performed to date. In this study, we used the summary statistics from the latest meta-analysis of TS to calculate the polygenic risk score (PRS) of individuals in the UK Biobank data and applied a Phenome Wide Association Study (PheWAS) approach to determine the association of disease risk with a wide range of phenotypes. A total of 57 traits were found to be significantly associated with TS polygenic risk, including multiple psychosocial factors and mental health conditions such as anxiety disorder and depression. Additional associations were observed with complex non-psychiatric disorders such as Type 2 diabetes, heart palpitations, and respiratory conditions. Cross-disorder comparisons of phenotypic associations with genetic risk for other childhood-onset disorders (e.g.: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], and obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]) indicated an overlap in associations between TS and these disorders. ADHD and ASD had a similar direction of effect with TS while OCD had an opposite direction of effect for all traits except mental health factors. Sex-specific PheWAS analysis identified differences in the associations with TS genetic risk between males and females. Type 2 diabetes and heart palpitations were significantly associated with TS risk in males but not in females, whereas diseases of the respiratory system were associated with TS risk in females but not in males. This analysis provides further evidence of shared genetic and phenotypic architecture of different complex disorders. Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics lasting more than a year. It is highly polygenic in nature with both rare and common previously associated variants. Epidemiological studies have shown TS to be correlated with other phenotypes, but large-scale phenome wide analyses in biobank level data have not been performed to date. In this study, we used the summary statistics from the latest meta-analysis of TS to calculate the polygenic risk score (PRS) of individuals in the UK Biobank data and applied a Phenome Wide Association Study (PheWAS) approach to determine the association of disease risk with a wide range of phenotypes. A total of 57 traits were found to be significantly associated with TS polygenic risk, including multiple psychosocial factors and mental health conditions such as anxiety disorder and depression. Additional associations were observed with complex non-psychiatric disorders such as Type 2 diabetes, heart palpitations, and respiratory conditions. Cross-disorder comparisons of phenotypic associations with genetic risk for other childhood-onset disorders (e.g.: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], and obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]) indicated an overlap in associations between TS and these disorders. ADHD and ASD had a similar direction of effect with TS while OCD had an opposite direction of effect for all traits except mental health factors. Sex-specific PheWAS analysis identified differences in the associations with TS genetic risk between males and females. Type 2 diabetes and heart palpitations were significantly associated with TS risk in males but not in females, whereas diseases of the respiratory system were associated with TS risk in females but not in males. This analysis provides further evidence of shared genetic and phenotypic architecture of different complex disorders.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-ine-10.1177_15910199231158444 for Development of an in-vitro model based on patient vessel geometry for simulated use testing in neurointerventional surgery by Mark Epshtein, Mohammed Salman Shazeeb, Anna Luisa Kühn, Vania Anagnostakou, Christopher M. Raskett, Robert M. King, Mayank Goyal, Vitor Mendes Pereira, Adam S. Arthur, Ajit S. Puri, David Fiorella and Matthew J Gounis in Interventional Neuroradiology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-ine-10.1177_15910199231158444 for Development of an in-vitro model based on patient vessel geometry for simulated use testing in neurointerventional surgery by Mark Epshtein, Mohammed Salman Shazeeb, Anna Luisa Kühn, Vania Anagnostakou, Christopher M. Raskett, Robert M. King, Mayank Goyal, Vitor Mendes Pereira, Adam S. Arthur, Ajit S. Puri, David Fiorella and Matthew J Gounis in Interventional Neuroradiology

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 91, 151-166, This article explores the transition of military service from the principle of individualism, whereby each individual operated on a self-reliant basis and made their own choices; to collectivism as represented by the Derby Scheme and Local Tribunals, whereby individuals were subjected to group decisions. Some historians would argue that it was a shift from volunteerism to collectivism which took place.

Base metal indicator minerals recovered from till and stream sediment samples in the southern Northwest Territories were studied to determine their potential origins. Major and trace element geochemistry and S- and Pb-isotopes were used to determine whether these indicator minerals were derived from known mineralised bedrock sources or if they were from undiscovered mineral occurrences within the southwestern Northwest Territories, a region with very little previous mineral exploration and thick Quaternary cover. The geochemical and isotopic composition of sphalerite grains indicates derivation from low-temperature (T

In order to identify lead compounds for drug targets, virtual screening offers a costefficient alternative to experimental high throughput screening. Molecular docking isan important first step of the structure-based virtual screening process, wherecompounds are attempted to be positioned in the protein binding site in exactly thecorrect position and orientation that they would adopt naturally, to enable accurateprediction of binding affinity. The charges on ligand atoms and surrounding proteinatoms are believed to play a key role in a successful docking as electrostatic energygrids identify positions where ligand and protein charges would be complementary.Semiempirical quantum mechanical (SEQM) charge calculation methods capture thepolarisation present in a protein-ligand system and have been shown to give moreaccurate molecular docking than the default Gasteiger charges. However previoussample sizes were small and students of my supervisor saw no improvement withmedium sized datasets. This project looked to test whether SEQM calculatedcharges using the PM6-D3H4 Hamiltonian gave more accurate docking thanGasteiger charges when docking with the program DOCK6, after an initial dockingwith GWO Vina, on a large dataset of 1874 complexes.Surprisingly it was found that Gasteiger charges performed slightly but significantlybetter than SEQMs and that SEQMs led to a small decrease in docking accuracycompared to the primary Vina pose. 1170 Vina poses were docked within 2 Å of thecrystallographic ligand pose, compared to 1047 Gasteiger-DOCK6 poses and 962SEQM-DOCK6 poses. The SEQM approach works well for some complexes butdecision-tree based models using 1753 BINANA, ECIF and ligand descriptors wereunable to predict this differential performance with any reliability. A macroaveragedf1 score of only 0.51 was achieved in a binary classifier predicting whether SEQMsor Gasteiger charges gave more accurate docking.

Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society, 90, 215-244, Very little is known about the operation of the District Relief Committee (DRC) and the role it played during the First World War. This article undertakes a pioneering investigation into its significance by means of a case study of the DRC as it operated in the town of Hinckley, Leicestershire, and which demonstrated the unsung role that the organisation played in mobilising and coordinating the war effort at a local level. An important discovery was that over time the committee evolved from a charitable organisation, run by local dignitaries and personalities, from the onset of the war to, by 1916, a professionally operated de facto local government department. The effect of this largely unknown network, which has merited scant attention from historians, was to enable the government both rapidly to acquire and disseminate local information vital to the war effort, with the provision of aniline dyes being one such example.

Tourette's Disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) that affects about 0.7% of the population and is one of the most heritable NDDs. Nevertheless, because of its polygenic nature and genetic heterogeneity, the genetic etiology of TD is not well understood. In this study, we combined the segregation information in 13 TD multiplex families with high-throughput sequencing and genotyping to identify genes associated with TD. Using whole-exome sequencing and genotyping array data, we identified both small and large genetic variants within the individuals. We then combined multiple types of evidence to prioritize candidate genes for TD, including variant segregation pattern, variant function prediction, candidate gene expression, protein-protein interaction network, candidate genes from previous studies, etc. From the 13 families, 71 strong candidate genes were identified, including both known genes for NDDs and novel genes, such asHtrA Serine Peptidase 3 (HTRA3),Cadherin-Related Family Member 1 (CDHR1), and Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Palmitoyltransferase 17(ZDHHC17). The candidate genes are enriched in several Gene Ontology categories, such as dynein complex and synaptic membrane. Candidate genes and pathways identified in this study provide biological insight into TD etiology and potential targets for future studies.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with involvement of genetic and environmental factors. We investi gated genetic loci previously implicated in Tourette syndrome and associated disorders in interaction with pre- and perinatal adversity in relation to tic severity using a case-only (N=518) design. We assessed 98 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from (I) top SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of TS; (II) top SNPs from GWASs of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-defcit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (III) SNPs previously implicated in candidate-gene studies of TS; (IV) SNPs previously implicated in OCD or ASD; and (V) tagging SNPs in neurotransmitter-related candidate genes. Linear regression models were used to examine the main efects of the SNPs on tic severity, and the interaction efect of these SNPs with a cumulative pre- and perinatal adversity score. Replication was sought for SNPs that met the threshold of signifcance (after correcting for multiple testing) in a rep lication sample (N=678). One SNP (rs7123010), previously implicated in a TS meta-analysis, was signifcantly related to higher tic severity. We found a gene–environment interaction for rs6539267, another top TS GWAS SNP. These fndings were not independently replicated. Our study highlights the future potential of TS GWAS top hits in gene–environment studies.

BackgroundPersistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVT) has been hypothesized to be a forme fruste of Tourette syndrome (TS). Although the primary diagnostic criterion for PMVT (presence of motor or vocal tics, but not both) is clear, less is known about its clinical presentation.ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to compare the prevalence and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, tic severity, age at tic onset, and family history for TS and PMVT.MethodsWe analyzed data from two independent cohorts using generalized linear equations and confirmed our findings using meta-analyses, incorporating data from previously published literature.ResultsRates of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were lower in PMVT than in TS in all analyses. Other psychiatric comorbidities occurred with similar frequencies in PMVT and TS in both cohorts, although meta-analyses suggested lower rates of most psychiatric disorders in PMVT compared with TS. ADHD and OCD increased the odds of comorbid mood, anxiety, substance use, and disruptive behaviors, and accounted for observed differences between PMVT and TS. Age of tic onset was approximately 2 years later, and tic severity was lower in PMVT than in TS. First-degree relatives had elevated rates of TS, PMVT, OCD, and ADHD compared with population prevalences, with rates of TS equal to or greater than PMVT rates.ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that PMVT and TS occur along a clinical spectrum in which TS is a more severe and PMVT a less severe manifestation of a continuous neurodevelopmental tic spectrum disorder. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

International audience; Observations of ocean velocities are currently limited and are not routinely assimilated in global operational ocean forecasting systems. This may change with proposed new satellite missions designed to observe ocean surface velocities. The ESA Assimilation of Total Surface Current Velocity (A-TSCV) project will use observing system simulation experiments to investigate the assimilation of total surface current velocities in operational global forecasting systems. Synthetic observations of the standard observing network along with synthetic observations of new satellite total surface current velocities are being generated from a high-resolution nature run. The assimilation of these observations will be tested in the Met Offi ce FOAM and the Mercator Ocean forecasting systems.

International audience; The Met Offi ce has recently upgraded its operational Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) from an eddy permitting 1/4° tripolar grid (ORCA025) to the eddy resolving 1/12° ORCA12 confi guration. FOAM-ORCA12 uses NEMOv3.6 (GO6 confi guration) coupled to CICE (GSI8.1 confi guration) for the ocean and sea-ice components, respectively. It assimilates observations of sea surface temperature (SST), temperature and salinity profi les, altimeter sea level anomaly and sea ice concentration, via NEMOVAR which is a multivariate incremental 3DVar scheme that runs over a 1-day time window. Qualitatively FOAM-ORCA12 better represents the details of mesoscale features in SST and surface currents. Traditional statistical verifi cation methods suggest that the new system performs similarly or slightly worse than the equivalent 1/4° system. However, it is known that comparisons of models running at different resolutions suffer from a double penalty effect, whereby higher-resolution models are penalised more than lower-resolution models for features that are offset in time and space. Results are shown from neighbourhood verifi cation methods which use common spatial scales for a fairer comparison between confi gurations of different resolutions, applied to SST. We show that, as neighbourhood sizes increase, ORCA12 consistently has lower Continuous Ranked Probability Scores than ORCA025.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder of complex genetic architecture involving multiple interacting genes. Here, we sought to elucidate the pathways that underlie the neurobiology of the disorder through genome-wide analysis. We analyzed genome-wide genotypic data of 3581 individuals with TS and 7682 ancestry-matched controls and investigated associations of TS with sets of genes that are expressed in particular cell types and operate in specific neuronal and glial functions. We employed a self-contained, set-based association method (SBA) as well as a competitive gene set method (MAGMA) using individual-level genotype data to perform a comprehensive investigation of the biological background of TS. Our SBA analysis identified three significant gene sets after Bonferroni correction, implicating ligand-gated ion channel signaling, lymphocytic, and cell adhesion and transsynaptic signaling processes. MAGMA analysis further supported the involvement of the cell adhesion and trans-synaptic signaling gene set. The lymphocytic gene set was driven by variants in FLT3, raising an intriguing hypothesis for the involvement of a neuroinflammatory element in TS pathogenesis. The indications of involvement of ligand-gated ion channel signaling reinforce the role of GABA in TS, while the association of cell adhesion and trans-synaptic signaling gene set provides additional support for the role of adhesion molecules in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study reinforces previous findings but also provides new insights into the neurobiology of TS.

Copernicus Marine Service - North West-European Shelf Monitoring and Forecasting Centre. This document refers to the following real-time CMEMS products: NORTHWESTSHELF-ANALYSIS-FORECAST-PHYS-004-013. The physical component of the North West European Analysis and Forecast system at ~1.5 km horizontal resolution and 33 vertical levels., Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service - QUID

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

International audience; The Met Offi ce has recently upgraded its operational Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) from an eddy permitting 1/4° tripolar grid (ORCA025) to the eddy resolving 1/12° ORCA12 confi guration. FOAM-ORCA12 uses NEMOv3.6 (GO6 confi guration) coupled to CICE (GSI8.1 confi guration) for the ocean and sea-ice components, respectively. It assimilates observations of sea surface temperature (SST), temperature and salinity profi les, altimeter sea level anomaly and sea ice concentration, via NEMOVAR which is a multivariate incremental 3DVar scheme that runs over a 1-day time window. Qualitatively FOAM-ORCA12 better represents the details of mesoscale features in SST and surface currents. Traditional statistical verifi cation methods suggest that the new system performs similarly or slightly worse than the equivalent 1/4° system. However, it is known that comparisons of models running at different resolutions suffer from a double penalty effect, whereby higher-resolution models are penalised more than lower-resolution models for features that are offset in time and space. Results are shown from neighbourhood verifi cation methods which use common spatial scales for a fairer comparison between confi gurations of different resolutions, applied to SST. We show that, as neighbourhood sizes increase, ORCA12 consistently has lower Continuous Ranked Probability Scores than ORCA025.

At its height, the Achaemenid Persian Empire (550-330 BCE) stretched from Egypt and the Balkans to Central Asia and the Indus. How was this continental empire able to endure at such scale for over two centuries? This dissertation provides an answer to this question through the analysis of a particular institution: the house of the satrap. Satraps were the local representatives of royal power in the Achaemenid Empire who managed the interface between state and subject. Satraps operated not alone but rather through their entire “house,” as the primary source languages say. These houses included other humans such as the satrap’s family, free subordinates, and dependent laborers, as well as property such as agricultural estates. It is at the level of the satrapal house where the quotidian acts of imperialism took place. This dissertation is structured around a series of case studies which examine particular satrapal houses. Two chapters consider the careers of three contemporary satraps (Tissaphernes, Pharnabazus, and Cyrus the Younger) in western Anatolia, with the first focusing on economic history and the second on social history. The next chapter studies Aršāma, whose activities spanned Egypt and Mesopotamia, and analyzes the structures of labor within his house. The following chapter narrates the career of Bēlšunu, a local official who rose to become satrap in Syria through fastidious dealings with his imperial superiors. Another chapter considers Bakabaduš, satrap in eastern Iran, whose house facilitated the movement of people, goods, and information across the Iranian plateau. The final case study examines the career of Axvamazdā, whose house cannot be disentangled from the complex road system that stretched across Achaemenid Central Asia. A chapter that summarizes broader patterns from these case studies concludes the dissertation.

This is the first report in a project called ���A roadmap for academic research-intensive innovation���, commissioned on behalf of the Digital Life Norway (DLN) project by the University of Oslo. The project is in three parts. This report discusses DLN and its context in the Norwegian research and innovation system. It is partly descriptive (so that we have a basis for comparison with other examples of research-intensive innovation) and partly diagnostic in order to understand strengths and weaknesses of the project. The next stage involves looking at and learning from good examples internationally and comparing them to DLN in order to identify potential lessons. The third part charts the way forward ��� partly for the benefit of DLN and partly to draw more general lessons for similar future efforts in Norway., Funded by the Norwegian Research Council through 'DL: A road map for academic research-intensive innovation from the Centre of Digital Life Norway' 300247

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20916002 for Biomechanics and hemodynamics of stent-retrievers by Anna Luisa Kühn, Zeynep Vardar, Afif Kraitem, Robert M King, Vania Anagnostakou, Ajit S Puri and Matthew J Gounis in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

International audience; Integration of observations of the coastal ocean continuum, from regional oceans toshelf seas and estuaries/deltas with models, can substantially increase the value ofobservations and enable a wealth of applications. In particular, models can play a criticalrole at connecting sparse observations, synthesizing them, and assisting the design ofobservational networks; in turn, whenever available, observations can guide coastalmodel development. Coastal observations should sample the two-way interactionsbetween nearshore, estuarine and shelf processes and open ocean processes, whileaccounting for the different pace of circulation drivers, such as the fast atmospheric,hydrological and tidal processes and the slower general ocean circulation and climatescales. Because of these challenges, high-resolution models can serve as connectorsand integrators of coastal continuum observations. Data assimilation approachescan provide quantitative, validated estimates of Essential Ocean Variables in thecoastal continuum, adding scientific and socioeconomic value to observations throughapplications (e.g., sea-level rise monitoring, coastal management under a sustainableecosystem approach, aquaculture, dredging, transport and fate of pollutants, maritimesafety, hazards under natural variability or climate change). We strongly recommendan internationally coordinated approach in support of the proper integration of globaland coastal continuum scales, as well as for critical tasks such as community-agreedbathymetry and coastline products.

ObjectiveTourette's syndrome is polygenic and highly heritable. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches are useful for interrogating the genetic architecture and determinants of Tourette's syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors conducted a GWAS meta-analysis and probed aggregated Tourette's syndrome polygenic risk to test whether Tourette's and related tic disorders have an underlying shared genetic etiology and whether Tourette's polygenic risk scores correlate with worst-ever tic severity and may represent a potential predictor of disease severity.MethodsGWAS meta-analysis, gene-based association, and genetic enrichment analyses were conducted in 4,819 Tourette's syndrome case subjects and 9,488 control subjects. Replication of top loci was conducted in an independent population-based sample (706 case subjects, 6,068 control subjects). Relationships between Tourette's polygenic risk scores (PRSs), other tic disorders, ascertainment, and tic severity were examined.ResultsGWAS and gene-based analyses identified one genome-wide significant locus within FLT3 on chromosome 13, rs2504235, although this association was not replicated in the population-based sample. Genetic variants spanning evolutionarily conserved regions significantly explained 92.4% of Tourette's syndrome heritability. Tourette's-associated genes were significantly preferentially expressed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Tourette's PRS significantly predicted both Tourette's syndrome and tic spectrum disorders status in the population-based sample. Tourette's PRS also significantly correlated with worst-ever tic severity and was higher in case subjects with a family history of tics than in simplex case subjects.ConclusionsModulation of gene expression through noncoding variants, particularly within cortico-striatal circuits, is implicated as a fundamental mechanism in Tourette's syndrome pathogenesis. At a genetic level, tic disorders represent a continuous spectrum of disease, supporting the unification of Tourette's syndrome and other tic disorders in future diagnostic schemata. Tourette's PRSs derived from sufficiently large samples may be useful in the future for predicting conversion of transient tics to chronic tic disorders, as well as tic persistence and lifetime tic severity.

Objective: Tourette's syndrome is polygenic and highly heritable. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches are useful for interrogating the genetic architecture and determinants of Tourette's syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors conducted a GWAS meta-analysis and probed aggregated Tourette's syndrome polygenic risk to test whether Tourette's and related tic disorders have an underlying shared genetic etiology and whether Tourette's polygenic risk scores correlate with worst-ever tic severity and may represent a potential predictor of disease severity.Methods: GWAS meta-analysis, gene-based association, and genetic enrichment analyses were conducted in 4,819 Tourette's syndrome case subjects and 9,488 control subjects. Replication of top loci was conducted in an independent population-based sample (706 case subjects, 6,068 control subjects). Relationships between Tourette's polygenic risk scores (PRSs), other tic disorders, ascertainment, and tic severity were examined.Results: GWAS and gene-based analyses identified one genome-wide significant locus within FLT3 on chromosome 13, rs2504235, although this association was not replicated in the population-based sample. Genetic variants spanning evolutionarily conserved regions significantly explained 92.4% of Tourette's syndrome heritability. Tourette'sassociated genes were significantly preferentially expressed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Tourette's PRS significantly predicted both Tourette's syndrome and tic spectrum disorders status in the population-based sample. Tourette's PRS also significantly correlated with worst-ever tic severity and was higher in case subjects with a family history of tics than in simplex case subjects.Conclusions: Modulation of gene expression through noncoding variants, particularly within cortico-striatal circuits, is implicated as a fundamental mechanism in Tourette's syndrome pathogenesis. At a genetic level, tic disorders represent a continuous spectrum of disease, supporting the unification of Tourette's syndrome and other tic disorders in future diagnostic schemata. Tourette's PRSs derived from sufficiently large samples may be useful in the future for predicting conversion of transient tics to chronic tic disorders, as well as tic persistence and lifetime tic severity.

Assessment of the impact of AtlantOS in situ observing system for Copernicus Marine Service and seasonal prediction

Introduktion: Idag klassificeras akuta skador generellt som allvarligare än överbelastningsskador då akuta skador ofta leder till längre tid borta från idrotten. Denna form av kategorisering av allvarlighetsgrad inom forskning har dock påvisats vara problematisk då det ofta exkluderar överbelastningsskador. Detta trots att dem med överbelastningsskador ofta lider av långa perioder med smärta, nedsatt funktion och försämrad prestation. Viktigt oavsett vilken skada en person har drabbats av är följsamhet till rehabilitering. Följsamhet till rehabilitering har visats vara beroende av ett flertal olika faktorer bland annat upplevelsen av skadan och smärta. Syfte: Undersöka ifall det finns signifikanta skillnader mellan följsamhet till rehabiliteringsträning, upplevelse av skadan och högst upplevd nivå av smärta beroende på om en idrottsskada uppstått akut eller av överbelastning. Deltagare: 51 personer besvarade enkäten varav 39 stycken (14 kvinnor och 25 män) inkluderades i studien. De inkluderade var mellan 16 och 35 år gamla, led av en idrottsskada samt hade ett rehabiliteringsprogram för att behandla skadan. Baserat på deltagarnas diagnos samt beskrivning av skadan grupperades dem antingen in i kategorin akuta skador eller överbelastningsskador. Metod: Ett frågeformulär baserat på två validerade enkäter, Rehabilitation Adherence Questionnaire och Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale samt skattning av högst upplevd smärta distribuerades till föreningar och på sociala medier. För att undersöka ifall det fanns signifikanta gruppskillnader mellan dem med akuta skador och överbelastningsskador genomfördes t-test och MANOVA. Resultat: Det fanns inga signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna på någon av de undersökta variablerna. Kategorin hot närmade sig signifikansnivå (p=0,071) där dem med akuta skador värderade sin skada som mer hotfull än dem med överbelastningsskador. Konklusion: Endast beroende på om en skada uppstått akut eller på grund av överbelastning verkar inte vara avgörande för en persons följsamhet till rehabilitering, upplevelse av skada eller högst skattad nivå av smärta. Introduction: Acute injuries are generally classified as more severe than overuse injuries due to the fact that they often lead to longer time away from sport. This type of classification of severity in research is not deemed appropriate since it often excludes people suffering from overuse injuries. People with overuse injuries usually stay in their sport but participates with pain, reduced function and performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine significant differences between adherence to rehabilitation, cognitive appraisal and perceived pain depending on if a sport injury has occurred acute or due to overuse. Participants: 51 participants answered the questionnaire and 39 (14 women and 25 men) of these were included in the study. The participants were between 16 and 35 years old, suffered from a sport injury and had a rehabilitation program to treat their injury. Based on the diagnosis and description of the injury the participants were separated into two groups, either acute injury or overuse injury. Method: A questionnaire including two validated questionnaires, the Rehabilitation Adherence Questionnaire and Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale and an estimation of highest experienced pain were distributed among different sport teams and social media. To investigate if there were any significant differences between the two groups on the examined variables several t-tests and one ANOVA was completed. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups on any of the examined variables. The category threat on the Cognitive Appraisal Health Scale were close to significance (p=0,071) and suggests that people who suffer from an acute injury found their injury to be more threatful. Conclusion: If a sport injury has occurred acute or because of overuse doesn't seem to be a singular determinant factor that affects adherence to rehabilitation, cognitive appraisal or perceived pain

We previously established the contribution of de novo damaging sequence variants to Tourette disorder (TD) through whole-exome sequencing of 511 trios. Here, we sequence an additional 291 TD trios and analyze the combined set of 802 trios. We observe an overrepresentation of de novo damaging variants in simplex, but not multiplex, families; we identify a high-confidence TD risk gene, CELSR3 (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3); we find that the genes mutated in TD patients are enriched for those related to cell polarity, suggesting a common pathway underlying pathobiology; and we confirm a statistically significant excess of de novo copy number variants in TD. Finally, we identify significant overlap of de novo sequence variants between TD and obsessive-compulsive disorder and de novo copy number variants between TD and autism spectrum disorder, consistent with shared genetic risk.

Demand for organic food products has grown rapidly in recent years, but domestic production of organic crops has not always kept pace. We discuss the management, cultural, political, and market barriers that have discouraged the adoption of organic agriculture in the United States.

The mating locus within the F. venenatum and F. graminearum genomes. F. venenatum A3/5 contains only the MAT1–1 locus confirming heterothallism and the requirement for a complementary sexual partner. Whilst homothallic F. graminearum possesses both the MAT1–1 and MAT1–2 loci and hence does not require a complementary partner for sexual reproduction. Gene designations: A) FGRRES_08887, B) FGRRES_08888_M, C) FGRRES_08889_M, D) FGRRES_08894, E) FVRRES_05564, F) FGRRES_15525, G) FGRRES_13273_M. (PDF 90 kb)

Co-inoculation of F. venenatum with plant-pathogenic Fusaria in vitro and in vivo. (A) Carrot agar plate inoculated with agar plugs of strains Fv A3/5, two isolates of Fg (PH1 and 602), and Fc UK99. A barrage line between strains is visible at day 6. (B) F. culmorum and F. venenatum spores where mixed in equal amounts and co-inoculated into two spikelets at anthesis. As a control, water was inoculated (C) F. venenatum spores were sprayed onto wheat heads at the booting stage to potentially prime plant defence responses, followed by point-inoculation with F. culmorum spores of two heads per spike" should be "two spikelets per head at anthesis. (D) Wheat plants were treated as in C. Just after inoculaton with F. culmorum, wheat heads were sprayed once more with F. venenatum spores until run-off. Error bars show standard deviation, nâ =â 6. (PDF 111Â kb)

We use results from a survey of specialty food manufacturers to examine how supplier– manufacturer relationships vary in the specialty food sector. While diverse mechanisms govern relationships between manufacturers and suppliers, relational contracts (longstanding, informal commitments) are the most common governance structure in our sample overall, particularly for medium-sized manufacturers. Vertical integration with the principal supplier is most common for smaller manufacturers, who also are most likely to use open market purchases. The largest manufacturers are significantly more likely to use formal contracts. Nearly half of manufacturers in our sample, regardless of their size, purchase directly from farms.

Sourcing directly from farmers can have both benefits and challenges for manufacturers. So what tips the scales? What are the advantages that outweigh the challenges, and how can you, as a farmer, use this to your advantage? Here we address six categories of benefits: communication, interdependence, marketing advantages, transparency, value alignment, and simple economics.

When considering alternative outlets for your products, supplying specialty food manufacturers may be an attractive option. Knowing what to expect when working with specialty food manufacturers will help you determine if it is the right fit for you and what changes you might need to make. This fact sheet highlights common requirements/criteria that specialty food manufacturers look for in the ingredients they purchase and the suppliers they work with., Beyond Fresh and Direct project, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Observation Impact Statement on SSS data assimilation in two global operational ocean forecasting systems

While quality (e.g. taste and freshness) is a high priority for food manufacturers when sourcing ingredients, it is often not enough. Many food manufacturers seek an assurance that specific standards are met in the production of the ingredients they purchase. Certification programs are managed by "third-party" entities that certify, through an audit, that a business is meeting specific standards. Some companies also cater to segments of the market tha seek particular values-based standards related to social, health, or environmental concerns., Beyond Fresh and Direct project, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Many specialty food manufacturers are sourcing ingredients from small and mid-sized farms. But how do manufacturers and farms find each other and how are the matches made? What can manufacturers and farmers do to make and maintain a good relationship? This fact sheet provides you with insights and recommendations., Beyond Fresh and Direct project, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Some specialty food manufacturers are, themselves, farmers who raise a raw product and then "add value" to it by processing it into a specialty food products. These are called "vertically integrated" businesses because they engage in two or more stages of production that are commonly performed by separate companies. For example, a dairy that milks its cows and sells its milk in bulk to another company is NOT vertically integrated. A dairy that milks its cows and then processes that milk into cheese IS vertically integrated., Beyond Fresh and Direct project, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

A figure locating the positions of Fusarium venenatum species-specific genes versus NCBI, in relation to sequences predicted to be the secretome, tRNA, and transposons. (PDF 144Â kb)

Precise design of impact studies carried out in interaction with WP2 and WP3