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Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. The results of sensitivity analysis according to different period thresholds. † The results of survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model was conducted after controlling for the covariates of: sex, age, type of insurance coverage, economic status, residence area, Charlson Comorbidity Index, year of diagnosis, type of treatment within the first year, and type or location of the medical institution which the patient visited within 1 month after diagnosis and with the highest portion of medical expenses.

Supplemental Material, Supplementary_Tables_(1) for Trends of Hospital Palliative Care Utilization and Its Associated Factors Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the United States From 2005 to 2014 by Kaylee G. Yu, Jay J. Shen, Pearl C. Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Se Won Lee, David Byun, Ji Won Yoo and Jinwook Hwang in American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®

Supplement_T_xyz13168a0bce6d0 for Trends in the Utilization of Life-Sustaining Procedures and Palliative Care Consultation Among Dying Patients With Advanced Chronic Pancreas Illnesses in US Hospitals: 2005 to 2014 by Xibei Liu, Jay J. Shen, Pearl Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Johnson Ukken, Younseon Choi, In Choel Hwang, Jae-Hoon Lee, Sung-Youn Chun, Jinwook Hwang, Haneul Choi, Hyeyoung Yeom, Yong-Jae Lee, and Ji Won Yoo in Journal of Palliative Care

Supplement_table_1 for Ten-Year Trends of Utilization of Palliative Care Services and Life-Sustaining Treatments and Hospital Costs Associated With Patients With Terminally Ill Lung Cancer in the United States From 2005 to 2014 by Jinwook Hwang, Jay Shen, Sun Jung Kim, Sung-Youn Chun, Mutsumi Kioka, Faizan Sheraz, Pearl Kim, David Byun and Ji Won Yoo in American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®

Supplemental Material, FSuppl_(1) for Trends of Hospital Palliative Care Utilization and Its Associated Factors Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the United States From 2005 to 2014 by Kaylee G. Yu, Jay J. Shen, Pearl C. Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Se Won Lee, David Byun, Ji Won Yoo and Jinwook Hwang in American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®

Supplemental Material, T2suppl for Ten-Year Trends of Utilization of Palliative Care Services and Life-Sustaining Treatments and Hospital Costs Associated With Patients With Terminally Ill Lung Cancer in the United States From 2005 to 2014 by Jinwook Hwang, Jay Shen, Sun Jung Kim, Sung-Youn Chun, Mutsumi Kioka, Faizan Sheraz, Pearl Kim, David Byun and Ji Won Yoo in American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®

Supplementary_360149225c8c for Life-Sustaining Procedures, Palliative Care Consultation, and Do-Not Resuscitate Status in Dying Patients With COPD in US Hospitals: 2010-2014 by Jay J. Shen, Eunjeong Ko, Pearl Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Yong-Jae Lee, Jae-Hoon Lee, and Ji Won Yoo in Journal of Palliative Care

To automatically evaluate beef quality, a system must be developed to properly segment lean tissue in a sectional image of the 13th beef rib. To this end, a mobile color computer vision system and its corresponding image processing algorithms were developed for on-site application. The algorithms implement RA©nyi entropy and a texture index to provide adaptive thresholding. Automatic smoothing and modification followed boundary extraction, and binary morphological approaches were also taken. When 54 images of beef cut samples were assessed without manual intervention, the proposed algorithms exhibited an average boundary extraction error of 3% and an average pixel distance error of 1.8 pixels relative to assessments made by a human expert. The computing time for these sample images was of approximately 5.5 s. In addition, a user-friendly interactive man-machine interface was also developed to allow for a human expert to modify the extracted boundary.

Dendritic cells (DCs) that orchestrate mucosal immunity have been studied in mice. Here we characterized human gut DC populations and defined their relationship to previously studied human and mouse DCs. CD103(+)Sirpα(-) DCs were related to human blood CD141(+) DCs and to mouse intestinal CD103(+)CD11b(-) DCs and expressed markers of cross-presenting DCs. CD103(+)Sirpα(+) DCs aligned with human blood CD1c(+) DCs and mouse intestinal CD103(+)CD11b(+) DCs and supported the induction of regulatory T cells. Both CD103(+) DC subsets induced the TH17 subset of helper T cells, while CD103(-)Sirpα(+) DCs induced the TH1 subset of helper T cells. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes revealed conserved transcriptional programs among CD103(+) DC subsets and identified a selective role for the transcriptional repressors Bcl-6 and Blimp-1 in the specification of CD103(+)CD11b(-) DCs and intestinal CD103(+)CD11b(+) DCs, respectively. Our results highlight evolutionarily conserved and divergent programming of intestinal DCs.

Older persons are occasionally acutely ill and their hospitalizations frequently end up with complications and adverse outcomes. Medicare from U.S. federal government's payment resource for older persons is facing financial strain. Medicare highlights both cost-saving and high quality of care while older persons are hospitalized. Several health policy changes were initiated to achieve Medicare's goals. In response to Medicare's health policy changes, U.S. hospital environments have been changed and these resulted in hospital quality measurements' improvement. American seniors are facing the challenges during and around their hospital care. Several innovative measures are suggested to overcome these challenges.