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Additional file 4: Supplemental Figure S4. A. Heatmap of KRAS, VEGF-A, and CD44 based on the expression values from tumors and normal samples. B. Graph showing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) that compared the transcriptome data of the CD44 Low and CD44 High clusters using the MSigDB Hallmark genesets. C. Graph showing expression of KRAS and VEGF-A in gastric tumors, colored by the CD44 cluster (high, intermediate, or low). D. IF photos of tumors with high and low expression of CD44 (red), VEGF-A (green), and p-ERK1/2 (green). E-F. Kaplan–Meier overall survival curves stratified by expression of CD44 (E), and both CD44 and VEGF-A (F) in the FMUUH cohort.

Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure S1. A-B. Graphs showing secreted angiogenic factors from AGS and MKN-45 grown as monolayers and as spheroids using the Proteome Profiler HumanAngiogenesis Array kit. C-D. Graphs showing secreted angiogenic factors from AGS and MKN-45 spheroid cells transduced with KRAS shRNA (sh.KRAS) or control scramble shRNA (sh.Scr). E. Western blot analysis for KRAS and VEGF-A in Tcon3077 organoid cells stably transduced with KRAS shRNA (sh.KRAS), VEGF-A shRNA (sh.VEGF-A) and/or control scramble shRNA (Original version in Supple Fig. S6A). F. Tube formation assay of MVECs or HUVECs in conditioned media from spheroids transduced with sh.KRAS and sh.Scr. Bars represent standard deviation. *p

Supplement 1

Additional file 3: Supplemental Figure S3. A. Photos of IVIS imaging and mouse footpad injected with Tcon3077 cells treated with KRAS shRNA (sh.KRAS) or control scramble shRNA (sh.Scr). B.Graph showing volume of lymph node metastases. Inset photo showing representative lymph nodes. C. Photos of H&E stain of representative lymph nodes, and IF staining for Lyve-1 (green) and CD44 (red). Graph showing the percent of cells positive for CD44 and Lyve-1. Bars represent standard deviation.*p

Additional file 7: Supplementary table 1. Clinicopathological characteristics of FMUUH patients

Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure S2. A. A-B. IHC for CD44 and CD31 expression in mouse stomach tumors. C. Representative H&E photos of stomach tumors in mice sacrificed at 12 weeks.D. IVIS images after tail-vein injection of CD44(+) Tcon3077 cells transduced with sh.KRAS and/or sh.VEGF-A.

최근(2020.07.02) 상장된 SK바이오팜의 순자산이 -772억원임에도 상장 당일 시가총액은 약 10조원에 달하였다. 이렇게 현행 회계기준에 따른 재무보고는 기업의 시장가치와 장부금액의 괴리를 점점 커지게 하고, 정보이용자의 수요를 충족시키는 데 실패하여 재무제표의 유용성이 저하되고 있다. 그 주된 원인 중의 하나는 현행 재무보고서가 기업 경쟁력의 핵심요소인 무형자산에 대한 유용한 정보를 충실히 제공하지 못하기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행 회계기준에 따라 측정되고 있는 무형자산의 재무정보가 그 가치를 적정히 보고하고 있지 못한 한계를 분석하고, 이를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 개념으로 ‘핵심무형자산’을 제시한다. 여기서 핵심무형자산이란 보고기업의 주된 영업활동과 관련하여 초과이익을 지속적으로 창출하며, 그에 대한 정보가 누락되거나 잘못 기재된 경우 보고기업의 재무정보에 근거한 정보이용자의 의사결정에 영향을 줄 수 있는 중요한 무형의 요소를 의미한다. 그리고 본 연구에서는 핵심무형자산의 가치를 적정히 보고함으로써 정보이용자의 의사결정에 기여하기 위해 첫째, 해당 사업의 주된 무형의 가치를 창출하는 핵심무형 자산을 식별하고 둘째, 핵심무형자산이 창출하는 미래 경제적 효익의 현재가치를 화폐단위로 표시하며 셋째, 핵심무형자산을 별도의 보고서로 공시하거나 재무제표의 본문에 포함하는 방안을 제시한다. 본 연구는 핵심무형자산의 속성을 식별하여 개념을 정의하고, 이를 측정ㆍ보고하는 방안을 국내외 최초로 제시한 연구로서, 향후 무형자산 재무보고 개선방안을 논의하기 위한 초석이자 길잡이로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This paper shows accrual-based government financial information is an effective indicator of fiscal risk. The authors analysed the association of accrual-based government financial information (gov...

Malicious rumors often emerge online. However, few studies have examined why people spread online rumors. Recognizing that spreading online rumors is not only rational, but also emotional, this paper provides insights into the behavior of online rumor spreading using the cognitive emotion theory. The results show that perceived credibility of online rumors enhances both positive and negative emotions. However, positive emotions affect neither attitude nor behavior, whereas negative emotions affect both aspects of the spreading of online rumors. The results also indicate that prior positive attitude toward object influences negative emotions. Issues involvement moderates the relationship between attitude and behavior.

본 연구의 목적은 공공기관에 적용 가능한 사회적 가치의 정의, 인식 및 측정기준을 제시하고 구체적인 실무적용사례를 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 사회적 가치를 “공공기관이 사업수행을 통하여 사회·경제·환경·문화 등 모든 영역에서 공공의 이익과 공동체의 지속가능한 발전에 기여할 수 있는 가치”로 정의한다. 구체적으로 공공기관이 창출한 사회적 가치를 화폐단위로 측정하기 위해, 1) 국제회계기준에 따라 인식되는 재무제표의 구성요소(자산, 부채, 수익, 비용)의 정의에 부합하여야 하고, 2) 기관의 주된 경영활동 과정에서 창출된 가치이어야 하며, 3) 각 기관의 특성에 맞은 사회적 가치 창출활동이 정관 등에 구체적으로 명시되어야 한다는 기준을 제시하였다. 그리고 이러한 인식 및 측정 기준을 적용하여 실제 공공기관(K공사, E공사)이 창출한 사회적 가치의 측정사례를 보여주었다. 본 연구는 공공기관이 창출한 사회적 가치의 보편적인 인식 및 측정기준을 제시하여 공공기관의 사회적 성과를 객관적으로 비교·평가할 수 있는 계기를 마련하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Objective To investigate functional outcomes after the application of a critical pathway for inpatient rehabilitation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 184 patients (57 males and 127 females; average age, 71.5±5.9 years) who underwent unilateral or bilateral TKA were included. The critical pathway included early, intensive individualized rehabilitation exercises. Patients completed the following performance-based physical function tests: the stair climbing test (SCT), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) as well as measurement of isometric knee flexor and extensor strength of the operated knee, gait speed, and range of knee flexion and extension. Self-reported physical function and pain were measured using the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS), respectively, and self-reported quality of life was measured using the EuroQoL 5 dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire. These evaluations were performed preoperatively and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Results Performance-based and self-reported physical function and quality of life measures improved nonlinearly over time. Specifically, the 6WMT, TUG, gait speed, WOMAC-pain, WOMAC-function, VAS, and EQ-5D scores showed a significant improvement at 1-month post-TKA, whereas SCT, peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors, and WOMAC-stiffness scores showed gradual, but substantial, improvements over 3 months. There were between-group differences (unilateral and bilateral TKA groups) in the time course of the SCT, 6MWT, TUG, VAS, WOAMC-stiffness, and WOMAC-function results. Conclusion Patients who underwent critical pathway rehabilitation after TKA showed significant improvements in functional measurements during the first 3 months post-surgery.

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) causes death following an opioid overdose, yet the neurobiological mechanisms of this process are not well understood. Here, we show that neurons within the lateral parabrachial nucleus that express the µ-opioid receptor (PBL Oprm1 neurons) are involved in OIRD pathogenesis. PBL Oprm1 neuronal activity is tightly correlated with respiratory rate, and this correlation is abolished following morphine injection. Chemogenetic inactivation of PBL Oprm1 neurons mimics OIRD in mice, whereas their chemogenetic activation following morphine injection rescues respiratory rhythms to baseline levels. We identified several excitatory G protein-coupled receptors expressed by PBL Oprm1 neurons and show that agonists for these receptors restore breathing rates in mice experiencing OIRD. Thus, PBL Oprm1 neurons are critical for OIRD pathogenesis, providing a promising therapeutic target for treating OIRD in patients.

The detail calculation of anchoring strength

Jong Hyun Kim, Byeong Hee Won Biomedical System & Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, Chungnam, South KoreaCorrespondence: Byeong Hee WonBiomedical System & Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 331-822, South KoreaTel +82-10-3731-8090Fax +82-505-731-8091Email bhwon@kitech.re.krPurpose: The post-stroke elderly was increased caused by increasing stroke and advanced medical. However, ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) can be uncomfortable for hemiplegic patients; therefore, the usability is not good. In this study, we analyzed ankle and knee joint angles in post-stroke elderly patients to assess the functional effectiveness (specifically prevention of back knee and drop-foot) of a new elastic band-type AFO (New Product: NP) during gait.Patients and methods: Nine elderly post-stroke patients (eight males, one female; 55.7±8.4 years; 165.8±9.2 cm; 68.8±11.5 kg; five with right hemiplegia, four with left hemiplegia; onset period: 6.6 years) were selected for participation in this study. We captured gait motion using 12 cameras (MX-T20, Vicon, Inc., Oxford, UK) under three different conditions [wearing nothing (WI), using existing ordinary AFOs made from hard plastic material (EP), and using NP]. The angle variation and maximum–minimum angle of the lower body joints were analyzed during dorsi-plantar flexion of the ankle joint and flexion–extension of knee joint. A one-way ANOVA test for multiple comparisons was performed, followed by a Tukey’s b test to identify statistical significance, which was set at 0.005.Results: Regarding the ankle joint, the maximum plantar flexion (drop-foot) value decreased with the NP, and the maximum dorsiflexion value increased. Regarding the knee joint, the maximum extension (back knee) value decreased, and the maximum flexion value increased (p < 0.005).Conclusion: Using analysis of the kinematics of the ankles and knees during walking, this research confirmed the effectiveness of the NP, an elastic band-type AFO, for use in ordinary post-stroke elderly patients.Keywords: hemiplegia, gait motion, back knee, drop-foot, dorsiflexion, extension

Several approved inactivated hepatitis A (HA) vaccines are available in Korea. These have been shown to be immunogenic and safe in European children; however, their immunogenicity and safety have not been investigated among Korean children. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the most commonly used HA vaccines in ethnic Korean children aged 12 to 18 months. In this open-label, randomized, prospective, multicenter study, 108 children were enrolled and randomized to receive a pediatric form of Avaxim, Epaxal, or Havrix. The 2nd dose was administered after an interval of 6 months. Anti-HA virus (HAV) immunoglobulin (Ig) G was measured to assess geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and seropositvity rates (≥20 mIU/mL anti-HAV IgG). To assess safety, local solicited adverse events (AEs), systemic solicited AEs, unsolicited AEs, and serious AEs (SAEs) were graded. Among the 108 participants enrolled, 37, 34, and 37 received Avaxim, Epaxal, and Havrix, respectively. After administration of 2 doses, the seropositivity rates in the Avaxim, Epaxal, and Havrix groups were all 100% (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 99.0–100, 98.9–100, and 99.0–100, respectively; P

Capillaria hepatica is a zoonotic nematode that uses rodents and other mammals as hosts, especially rats and mice, and causes hepatic granuloma and eventually fibrosis/cirrhosis. However, C. hepatica infection in nutria, a large semiaquatic rodent, has rarely been reported, and histopathologic features of the infection have not been described in detail. We conducted necropsy on 36 wild nutrias. Some animals were found to have milky spots, parasitic eggs and worms within hepatic microgranuloma involving central calcification with cell debris, macrophages, eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Interestingly, the eggs were closely surrounded by MGCs and appeared to be destroyed without inducing further chronic changes. Based on microscopical examination, C. hepatica infection was diagnosed, and we describe its histopathological characteristics in wild nutrias.

In this paper, we propose a technique that can efficiently express the preservation and breakup of liquid sheets by eliminating over-preserved liquid sheets using the motion of water particles projected onto the screen. First, we project three-dimensional water particles onto a two-dimensional screen. When multiple particles are projected onto the same pixel, we select one of the front most particles as a screened particle by comparing their depth values. Based on the anisotropic kernel and density, the motion of the screened water particles is tracked to determine whether preservation and breakup should be performed. As a result, new water particles are added or existing ones are deleted, which makes it possible to express two characteristics of particle-based fluids: preservation and breakup of liquid sheets. The proposed technique is based on particle-based fluids, which can be used to remove the over-preserved liquid sheets and thus improve the quality of liquid sheets without surface noise.

Although abnormal increases in the level or activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) occur frequently in cancer, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) specifically stabilizes CDK4 by enhancing the formation of the complex between CDK4 and a chaperone protein. Knockdown of MRS reduced the CDK4 level, resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The effects of MRS on CDK4 stability were more prominent in the tumor suppressor p16INK4a-negative cancer cells because of the competitive relationship of the two proteins for binding to CDK4. Suppression of MRS reduced cell transformation and the tumorigenic ability of a p16INK4a-negative breast cancer cell line in vivo. Further, the MRS levels showed a positive correlation with those of CDK4 and the downstream signals at high frequency in p16INK4a-negative human breast cancer tissues. This work revealed an unexpected functional connection between the two enzymes involving protein synthesis and the cell cycle.

Mucin1 (MUC1), a heterodimeric oncoprotein, containing tandem repeat structures with a high proportion of threonine, is aberrantly overexpressed in many human cancers including pancreatic cancer. Since the overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients has remained low for several decades, novel therapeutic approaches are highly needed. Intestinal mucin has been known to be affected by dietary threonine supply since de novo synthesis of mucin proteins is sensitive to luminal threonine concentration. However, it is unknown whether biosynthesis of MUC1 is regulated by threonine in human cancers. In this study, data provided suggests that threonine starvation reduces the level of MUC1 and inhibits the migration of MUC1-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, knockdown of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TRS), an enzyme that catalyzes the ligation of threonine to its cognate tRNA, also suppresses MUC1 levels but not mRNA levels. The inhibitors of TRS decrease the level of MUC1 protein and prohibit the migration of MUC1-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, a positive correlation between TRS and MUC1 levels is observed in human pancreatic cancer cells. Concurrent with these results, the bioinformatics data indicate that co-expression of both TRS and MUC1 is correlated with the poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Taken together, these findings suggest a role for TRS in controlling MUC1-mediated cancer cell migration and provide insight into targeting TRS as a novel therapeutic approach to pancreatic cancer treatment.

This paper reports ductile fracture simulation and comparison with carbon steel test data of full-scale cracked pipes via 3-D finite element damage analysis based on stress-modified fracture strain model. Although there are few test results and discussion of full-scale cracked pipes, it is not an easy task to properly evaluate fracture behaviour of large-scale components for various pipe sizes with different shape of a crack-like defect. In such a situation, finite element (FE) damage analysis can be a competitive alternative to characterize the fracture behaviour of cracked components such as crack initiation and maximum loads. In recent years, a simple FE method [1] to simulate ductile fracture has been developed based on the stress-modified fracture strain model [2,3]. The technique appropriately simulated ductile failure for miscellaneous cracked components [4,5]. However, for some cases, large-scale components using small element size, FE analysis couldn’t give reliable values because of numerical instability. Element-size-dependent critical damage model enhanced by taking the effect of element-size on the ductile fracture damage analysis is introduced to overcome this problem and to be applicable to the large-scale structures. In order to validate proposed method, two types of carbon steel (A106 Gr. B and SA333 Gr. 6) pipes with a circumferential crack taken from [6] are considered, subjected to four-point bending only and combined loading. It is shown that predicted crack initiation and maximum loads are compared with experimentally measured values, showing overall good agreements.

Objective: Currently, inclusion criteria for permanent IPG insertion after trial stimulation in spinal cord stimulation are induced paresthesia in whole area of pain and greater than 50% of pain relief after series of stimulations during several days after operation. These parameters, however, [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 1. Joint Meeting mit der Koreanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (KNS)

Sonoluminescence is light emission associated with the catastrophic collapse of bubble oscillation under ultrasound. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of collapsing bubbles with micro- and nano-size equilibrium radii was performed and the results were compared with theoretical calculations. The molecules inside a collapsing gas bubble were modelled as hard spheres, and the instantaneous bubble radius and the bubble wall velocity used in the simulation were obtained from the Keller–Miksis equation with pressure data taken from MD simulation. With a suitable boundary condition at the bubble wall, the MD simulation results for the bubble wall velocity, the gas temperature and pressure around the collapse point for the sonoluminescing bubbles are in acceptable agreement with theoretical predictions. However, these theoretical predictions need validation because estimated thermal conductivity for the gas and liquid were used for the extreme condition achieved at the collapse point. This study also revealed th...

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to weld Cu 54 Ni 6 Zr 22 Ti 18 (numbers indicate at.%) metallic glass with glass forming ability of 6 mm. Through a single pulse irradiation on the glassy plate, the pulse condition for welding without crystallization was investigated. Under the selected pulse condition, the Cu 54 Ni 6 Zr 22 Ti 18 plate was periodically welded with different welding speeds. For the welding speed of 60 mm/min, no crystallization was observed in both weldment and heat-affected zone. For the 20 mm/min, the crystallized areas with a band shape were observed along the welding direction.

A Nd:YAG pulse laser was chosen as the heat source to make a Cu 54 Ni 6 Zr 22 Ti 18 bulk metallic glass (BMG) weld with a critical thickness of 6 mm. To make a crystallization-free BMG weld, both empirical and numerical approaches were conducted. For the empirical approach, the pulse shape including peak pulse power and pulse duration was pre-selected and the phase evolution in the BMG bead-on-plate was then investigated according to the pulse frequency and travel speed. Thermal cycles of heating and cooling were estimated by a numerical method. Through the results, crystallizations at each weld metal and heat-affected zone in the BMG bead on plate (BOP) weld were considered.

Juveniles of parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) were graded and divided into three groups (mean initial size): Small group Large group and Ungraded group Growth and sex ratio were monitored over 3 years. It was concluded that no production advantage was gained by weight grading. There were no differences when the pooled data from the two graded groups were compared with the ungraded group, although mean weight and survival of the large group were continuously higher than those of other groups until the end of rearing period. The highest percentage of males was found in the large group. These results show that males start growing faster than females long before the size grading.

New Cu-based bulk amorphous alloys exhibiting a large supercooled liquid region and good mechanical properties were formed in a quaternary Cu-Ni-Zr-Ti systems consisting of only metallic elements. The compositional range for the formation of the amorphous alloys that have high glass forming ability (GFA) (> 3 mm diameter) and large supercooled liquid region (> 50 K) is defined in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram Cu-Ni-(Zr, Ti). A bulk amorphous Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18alloy with the diameter of 6 mm can be prepared by copper mold casting. The Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18alloy shows glass transition temperature (Tg) of 712 K, crystallization temperature (Tx) of 769 K and supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) of 57 K. The Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18alloy exhibits high compressive fracture strength of about 2130 MPa with a plastic strain of about 1.5 %. The new Cu-based bulk amorphous alloy with high GFA and good mechanical properties allows us to expect the extension of application fields as a new engineering material.

A feeding trial was carried out to Investigate the effect of lipid level and herb mixture in the diets on growth of juvenile parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Two plicate groups of fish averaging 4.5 g were fed four experimental diets containing herb mixture (0 and 5 g/kg diet) at each of two lipid levels for 8 months from summer to spring (water temperature, . Weight gain improved with increasing dietary lipid level or supplementation of herb mixture during the first 4 months feeding period. Weight gain of fish fed the diet containing lipid level was significantly higher (P lipid level. Weight gain of fish fed the diet with herb mixture was significantly higher (P lipid level. Feed efficiency was influenced by dietary lipid level or herb mixture during the first 4 months. On the other hand, weight gain and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary lipid level and herb mixture after 4 months until end of feeing period. Survival of fish fed the diet containing lipid without supplementation of herb mixture was the lowest among the groups (P and supplementation of herb mixture can improve growth performance of juvenile parrot fish when water temperature is optimum for growth such as the summer season in Korea.

13th Australian Digital Forensics Conference, held from the 30 November – 2 December, 2015 (pp. 104-110), Edith Cowan University Joondalup Campus, Perth, Western Australia., Once the system is compromised, the forensics and investigation are always executed after the attacks and the loss of some useful instant evidence. Since there is no log information necessary for analyzing an attack cause after the cyber incident occurs, it is difficult to analyze the cause of an intrusion even after an intrusion event is recognized. Moreover, in an advanced cyber incident such as advanced persistent threats, several months or more are expended in only analyzing a cause, and it is difficult to find the cause with conventional security equipment. In this paper, we introduce a network intrusion forensics system for collecting and preserving the evidence of an intrusion, it is called Cyber Black Box that is deployed in Local Area Network environment. It quickly analyzes a cause of an intrusion event when the intrusion event occurs, and provides a function of collecting evidence data of the intrusion event. The paper also describes the experimental results of the network throughput performance by deploying our proposed system in an experimental testbed environment.

We describe a rare case of cerebral abscess in an immunocompetent 67-year-old male with Gemella morbillorum as the causative agent. Gemella morbillorum is an aerobic gram positive coccus and is deemed to be a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity. The aim of this report is to introduce Gemella morbillorum as the emerging pathogen involved in brain abscesses. To the best of our knowledge only eight cases of Gemella morbillorum brain abscess have been reported in the literature. An exhaustive review of the literature is included with emphasis on the primary source of infection, clinical presentation, radiological diagnosis, and treatment modalities.

The enumeration of standard Young tableaux (SYTs) of shape {\lambda} can be easily computed by the hook-length formula. In 1981, Amitai Regev proved that the number of SYTs having at most three rows with n entries equals the nth Motzkin number M_n. In 2006, Regev conjectured that the total number of SYTs of skew shape {\lambda}/(2, 1) over all partitions {\lambda} having at most three parts with n entries is the difference of two Motzkin numbers, M_{n-1} - M_{n-3}. Ekhad and Zeilberger proved Regev's conjecture using a computer program. In 2009, S.-P. Eu found a bijection between Motzkin paths and SYTs of skew shape with at most three rows to prove Regev's conjecture, and Eu also indirectly showed that for the fixed {\mu} = ({\mu}1,{\mu}2) the number of SYTs of skew shape {\lambda}/{\mu} over all partitions {\lambda} having at most three parts can be expressed as a linear combination of the Motzkin numbers. In this paper, we will find an explicit formula for the generating function for the general case: for each partition {\mu} having at most three parts the generating function gives a formula for the coefficients of the linear combination of Motzkin numbers. We will also show that these generating functions are unexpectedly related to the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind.

A redundant generating function is a generating function having terms which are not part of the solution of the original problem. We use redundant generating functions to study two path problems. In the first application we explain a surprising occurrence of Catalan numbers in counting paths that stay below the line y = 2x. In the second application we prove a conjecture of Niederhausen and Sullivan.

Louis W. Shapiro gave a combinatorial proof of a bilinear generating function for Chebyshev polynomials equivalent to the formula 1/(1-ax-x^2) * 1/(1-bx-x^2) = (1-x^2)/(1-abx-(2+a^2+b^2)x^2 -abx^3+x^4), where * denotes the Hadamard product. In a similar way, by considering tilings of a 2 by n rectangle with 1 by 1 and 1 by 2 bricks in the top row, and 1 by 1 and 1 by n bricks in the bottom row, we find an explicit formula for the Hadamard product 1/(1-ax-x^2) * x^m/(1-bx-x^n)., Comment: 11 pages

Although the overall incidence of hepatitis A in Korea has been decreasing, adolescents remain highly vulnerable to its outbreaks. This study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of three hepatitis A vaccines in Korean adolescents. Healthy anti-hepatitis A virus seronegative subjects aged 13 to 19 yr were randomized in three equal groups to receive two doses of Avaxim™, Epaxal®, or Havrix®, 6 to 12 months apart. Seroconversion rates one month after the first dose were 98%, 95%, and 93% for Avaxim™, Epaxal®, and Havrix®, respectively. Seroconversion rates reached 100% for all vaccine groups one month after the second dose. Anti-HAV geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were 7,207.7 mIU/mL (95% CI, 6023.1-8684.7), 1,750.5 mIU/mL (95% CI, 1362.9-2248.3), and 1,953.5 mIU/mL (95% CI, 1459.4-2614.7) after two doses of Avaxim™, Epaxal®, and Havrix® respectively. Avaxim™ was significantly more immunogenic than Epaxal® and Havrix®, whereas there were no significant differences in antibody responses between Epaxal® and Havrix®. Local and systemic solicited adverse events (AEs) were mostly of mild-to-moderate intensity and resolved within 5 days. No serious AEs were reported. In conclusion, all three vaccines are highly immunogenic and well-tolerated in Korean adolescents. (Clinical Trial Registry NCT00483470), Graphical Abstract

We investigate the single-spin asymmetries in inclusive and exclusive processes of electron-proton scattering and electron-positron annihilation. In the decomposition of hadronic tensor, a Lorentz symmetric spin-dependent term is generally present. The existence of such a term implies single-spin asymmetries in these processes and these single-spin asymmetries for baryons can be understood in a unified manner. We argue that it is important to measure the single-spin asymmetries in both inclusive and exclusive processes for the $\Lambda$ production at the present B-factories. This will lead to the first measurement of the structure function of the symmetric spin-dependent hadronic tensor in these processes., Comment: 10 pages and 1 figure

Summary: We report the MR imaging findings in a 44-year-old man with a low-grade synovial sarcoma. There was a right-sided epidural and paravertebral mass, widening of the ipsilateral neural foramen at the L4–L5 level, and focal erosion of the right superior articular process of the L5 vertebra. The mass was relatively homogeneous, hyperintense to muscle and isointense to fat on T2-weighted images, and isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images, and it demonstrated moderate homogeneous enhancement.

The problems of the two-dimensional unsteady cavity in internal flow are treated and linear theories are developed. In Part I, the two- dimensional supercavitating flow past a flat plate heaving and pitching with small amplitudes in a choked tunnel is investigated and a linearized solution is obtained using the acceleration potential. The flat plate is inclined at a small angle of attack to the oncoming flow and the cavity pressure is assumed to be constant. Force and moment coefficients are calculated for the case of the foil placed in the middle of the walls as functions of reduced frequency and the ratio of tunnel height to chord length. The pressure disturbances caused by the unsteady motion of the foil do not die out far upstream; these also depend on the chord-tunnel height ratio and reduced frequency. Another type of cavity problem in an internal flow is studied in Part II. Here, the finite cavity flow over a wedge held stationary in the middle of a tunnel is investigated. A salient feature of the problem is that the mass oscillation is allowed. Also the pressure on the cavity is allowed to vary in a prescribed manner. The problem is linearized using the complex perturbation velocity and the formal solution is obtained. The choked case in the presence of the overall mass fluctuation is obtained as a limiting case. Throughout the analysis, it is assumed that the change of the cavity length with time is small.

The flow through and around the rotor of a turbomachine exerts a force on the rotor and, hence, rotor shaft and bearing system. In some circumstances this force may lead to excitation of shaft whirl in the direction of impeller rotation. Recent international research of this phenomenon is briefly reviewed; these findings suggest that turbomachines intended to operate well above the first critical speed should take the effect into account.