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Background: Recently, a new method of dysphagia rehabilitation using Kinesio taping (KT) has been attempted and demonstrated an immediate increase in the activation of the suprahyoid muscle during swallowing in healthy adults. Objectives: To investigate the effect of dysphagia rehabilitation using KT on the thickness change of the suprahyoid muscle in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Design: Two-group pre-post design. Methods: In this study, 20 patients with dysphagia after stroke were enrolled and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group applied KT to the front of the neck and repeatedly swallowed against the tension of the tape. On the other hand, the control group performed repeated swallowing without applying KT. Patients in both groups had swallowed 50 times a day/5 times a week for 4 weeks. For evaluation, the volume of the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and digastric muscle was measured before and after the intervention using portable ultrasound equipment. Results: As a result of comparing the two groups after the intervention, the experimental group showed more volume increase in mylohyoid (P

The foundational international business (IB) scholarship grappled with whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) are largely efficiency-enhancing or market-power inducing institutions. Contemporary scholarship, however, often associates foreign direct investment (FDI) with efficiency-enhancing properties and thus neglects the market-power interpretation of the MNE. Such an imbalance is problematic given that the theoretical and empirical justifications behind the field's embrace of the efficiency interpretation are not fully evident. Instead, both efficiency and market-power effects are seemingly present in cross-border investment activity. Based on a comprehensive sample of up to 4,361 cross-border investments materializing between 1986 and 2010, we present theoretically-grounded hypotheses with regard to when market-power effects will tend to dominate efficiency effects. We find that cross-border investments undertaken by emerging-market MNEs in both developed and emerging markets tend to involve substantial efficiency effects and minimal market-power effects when compared with the cross-border investments undertaken by developed-country MNEs in both developed and emerging markets.

Many research and case study for BIM have mainly been focused on architecture domain. However, it is insufficient to civil engineering domain. Although BIM will be applied to civil engineering domain. because national BIM standard and delivery system of BIM is not ready, these demands are increasing. First of all, this paper analyzed the current status of the IFC international standards and BIM of civil engineering domain. Second of all, we established the roadmap for BIM development for civil engineering domain. And this paper studied on the BIM application of road construction for a step by step development of civil engineering. Finally, we conduct case study about road project by applying to construction information classification.

건설공사 사후평가는 공공건설사업 수행성과를 평가하고 차후 유사사업 추진 시 이를 활용하여 사업의 효율화에 기여하기 위해 도입된 제도이다. 국토교통부는 사후평가의 결과정보를 체계적으로 통합 관리하고, 활용할 수 있도록 사후평가시스템을 구축하여 운영 중에 있다. 하지만 사후평가 시행지침의 개정에 따라 입력 항목이 변경되고, 축적된 사후평가 결과정보의 분석기능 등의 부족으로 유사 건설사업 수행 시 활용 체계가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 시행지침의 개정에 따른 반영과 분석기능 강화를 위해 사후평가시스템의 고도화 방안을 제시하고, 또한 기존 사후평가 수행결과의 단순 축적에서 벗어나 사후평가 결과에 대한 적정성을 평가, 분석할 수 있는 체계를 마련하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 시설물 유형, 공사규모 등에 따라 건설사업의 성과를 분석할 수 있으며 이들 정보를 기초로 수행성과의 비교평가를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 예상된다.