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Diffusion models have achieved impressive results in generating diverse and realistic data by employing multi-step denoising processes. However, the need for accommodating significant variations in input noise at each time-step has led to diffusion models requiring a large number of parameters for their denoisers. We have observed that diffusion models effectively act as filters for different frequency ranges at each time-step noise. While some previous works have introduced multi-expert strategies, assigning denoisers to different noise intervals, they overlook the importance of specialized operations for high and low frequencies. For instance, self-attention operations are effective at handling low-frequency components (low-pass filters), while convolutions excel at capturing high-frequency features (high-pass filters). In other words, existing diffusion models employ denoisers with the same architecture, without considering the optimal operations for each time-step noise. To address this limitation, we propose a novel approach called Multi-architecturE Multi-Expert (MEME), which consists of multiple experts with specialized architectures tailored to the operations required at each time-step interval. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that MEME outperforms large competitors in terms of both generation performance and computational efficiency.

Chiral light sources realized in ultracompact device platforms are highly desirable for various applications. Among active media employed for thin-film emission devices, lead-halide perovskites have been extensively studied for photoluminescence due to their exceptional properties. However, up to date, there have been no demonstrations of chiral electroluminescence with a substantial degree of circular polarization (DCP), being critical for the development of practical devices. Here, we propose a new concept of chiral light sources based on a thin-film perovskite metacavity and experimentally demonstrate chiral electroluminescence with DCP approaching 0.38. We design a metacavity created by a metal and a dielectric metasurface supporting photonic eigenstates with close-to-maximum chiral response. Chiral cavity modes facilitate asymmetric electroluminescence of pairs of left and right circularly polarized waves propagating in the opposite oblique directions. The proposed ultracompact light sources are especially advantageous for many applications requiring chiral light beams of both helicities., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures

Traditional robotic mechanisms contain a series of rigid links connected by rotational joints that provide powered motion, all of which is controlled by a central processor. By contrast, analogous mechanisms found in nature, such as octopus tentacles, contain sensors, actuators, and even neurons distributed throughout the appendage, thereby allowing for motion with superior complexity, fluidity, and reaction time. Smart materials provide a means with which we can mimic these features artificially. These specialized materials undergo shape change in response to changes in their environment. Previous studies have developed material-based actuators that could produce targeted shape changes. Here we extend this capability by introducing a novel computational and experimental method for design and synthesis of material-based morphing mechanisms capable of achieving complex pre-programmed motion. By combining active and passive materials, the algorithm can encode the desired movement into the material distribution of the mechanism. We demonstrate this new capability by de novo design of a 3D printed self-tying knot. This method advances a new paradigm in mechanism design that could enable a new generation of material-driven machines that are lightweight, adaptable, robust to damage, and easily manufacturable by 3D printing.

Diffusion-based generative models have achieved remarkable success in image generation. Their guidance formulation allows an external model to plug-and-play control the generation process for various tasks without finetuning the diffusion model. However, the direct use of publicly available off-the-shelf models for guidance fails due to their poor performance on noisy inputs. For that, the existing practice is to fine-tune the guidance models with labeled data corrupted with noises. In this paper, we argue that this practice has limitations in two aspects: (1) performing on inputs with extremely various noises is too hard for a single guidance model; (2) collecting labeled datasets hinders scaling up for various tasks. To tackle the limitations, we propose a novel strategy that leverages multiple experts where each expert is specialized in a particular noise range and guides the reverse process of the diffusion at its corresponding timesteps. However, as it is infeasible to manage multiple networks and utilize labeled data, we present a practical guidance framework termed Practical Plug-And-Play (PPAP), which leverages parameter-efficient fine-tuning and data-free knowledge transfer. We exhaustively conduct ImageNet class conditional generation experiments to show that our method can successfully guide diffusion with small trainable parameters and no labeled data. Finally, we show that image classifiers, depth estimators, and semantic segmentation models can guide publicly available GLIDE through our framework in a plug-and-play manner. Our code is available at https://github.com/riiid/PPAP., CVPR 2023 camera-ready

Typical meteorological year (TMY) data has significant importance for solar resource assessment, as well as for building performance analysis. The necessity of high-accuracy TMY data has been well known for many years for the financial viability of solar long-term planing project as it represents long-term weather features. However, the TMY does not mean the use of real-time data; it is therefore important to determine the accuracy of the TMY dataset. In this study, the solar energy performance of TMY was evaluated quantitatively by comparing it to multi-year average weather data (2008-2017) based on the statistical analysis method. The PV power output were produced by using 100kW photovoltaic system based on PVsyst software at six sites. The results showed that the difference between the TMY-PV power output and long-term PV power output (measured with percentage error) are smaller than 9%, which means there is close-fit agreement between TMY and long-term averages PV power output. These findings suggests that TMY can provide reliable estimation of PV power in the feasibility study of PV project.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Ganilever pre-filled syringe (PFS), a newly developed ganirelix acetate, for the inhibition of premature luteinising hormone (LH) surge in in vitro fertilisation (IVF). A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted (NCT03051087). A total of 236 women (Ganilever group: 114, Orgalutran group: 122) were finally analysed. The patients with LH of >10 mIU/mL on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection were 0 (0.0%) and 3 (2.5%) in the Ganilever and Orgalutran groups, respectively (p= .25). The number of retrieved oocytes from two groups did not show any significant difference (12.0 ± 6.4 vs. 11.8 ± 6.3, p= .73). Furthermore, the two groups did not show significant differences in the number of good-quality oocytes and embryo, and the rate of fertilisation. Similar safety profiles were also observed. In conclusion, Ganilever PFS showed comparable IVF outcomes and safety profile in IVF, as compared to the Orgalutran. Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Premature LH surge during controlled ovarian stimulation results in the induction of luteinisation of the immature follicles. Thus, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol was suggested as an option for suppression of premature LH surge. Currently, one of GnRH antagonists being widely used is ganirelix acetate (Orgalutran®; Organon, Oss, The Netherlands). Ganilever pre-filled syringe (PFS) is a newly developed GnRH antagonist containing ganirelix acetate as an active ingredient.What do the results of this study add? Our study demonstrated that Ganilever PFS showed comparable IVF outcomes and patient safety profile in infertile women undergoing in IVF-ET, as compared to the Orgalutran.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The results of our study will provide another available GnRH antagonist to be used in patients with IVF. What is already known on this subject? Premature LH surge during controlled ovarian stimulation results in the induction of luteinisation of the immature follicles. Thus, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol was suggested as an option for suppression of premature LH surge. Currently, one of GnRH antagonists being widely used is ganirelix acetate (Orgalutran®; Organon, Oss, The Netherlands). Ganilever pre-filled syringe (PFS) is a newly developed GnRH antagonist containing ganirelix acetate as an active ingredient. What do the results of this study add? Our study demonstrated that Ganilever PFS showed comparable IVF outcomes and patient safety profile in infertile women undergoing in IVF-ET, as compared to the Orgalutran. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The results of our study will provide another available GnRH antagonist to be used in patients with IVF.

Improvements to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have focused on increasing their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability and maintaining high performance upon scale-up to module sizes. We report that replacing the commonly used mesoporous-titanium dioxide electron transport layer (ETL) with a thin layer of polyacrylic acid-stabilized tin(IV) oxide quantum dots (paa-QD-SnO2) on the compact-titanium dioxide enhanced light capture and largely suppressed nonradiative recombination at the ETL-perovskite interface. The use of paa-QD-SnO2 as electron-selective contact enabled PSCs (0.08 square centimeters) with a PCE of 25.7% (certified 25.4%) and high operational stability and facilitated the scale-up of the PSCs to larger areas. PCEs of 23.3, 21.7, and 20.6% were achieved for PSCs with active areas of 1, 20, and 64 square centimeters, respectively.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The chromatogram and the high-resolution mass spectrum of 5-HETE standard.

Introduction: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. However, a PVI alone has been considered insufficient for persistent AF. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of persistent AF ablation targeting complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) areas within low voltage zones identified by high-resolution mapping in addition to the PVI. Methods: We randomized 50 patients (mean age 58.4 ± 9.5 years old, 86.0% males) with persistent AF to a PVI + CFAE group and PVI only group in a 1:1 ratio. CFAE and voltage mapping was performed simultaneously using a Pentaray Catheter with the CARTO3 CONFIDENSE module (Biosense Webster, CA, USA). The PVI + CFAE group, in addition to the PVI, underwent ablation targeting low voltage areas (

본 연구는 광주광역시 북구에 거주하고 생활건강지원센터에서 제공하는 재활프로그램에 참여하고 있는 성인발달장애인으로 참여형 재활프로그램이 성인발달장애인의 앉았다 일어서기, 일어나 걸어가기 및 지각-운동능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 성인발달장애인 17명을 대상으로 참여형 재활프로그램을 13주간 주 1회 60분의 프로그램을 적용하여 중재 전, 후 그리고 12주 후 재측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 앉았다 일어서기 검사에서는 중재 전과 후에 횟수의 증가는 있었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 일어나 걸어가기 검사에서는 시간에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 사후검증결과 중재 전 보다 후에 유의한 효과가 있었다. 지각-운동능력 검사에서는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 참여형 재활프로그램이 기능적 동작과 관련된 동적균형에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 운동조절 및 운동학습과 관련된 지각-운동능력에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 향후 성인발달장애인의 지역사회활동 증가와 낙상의 위험 감소 및 동적 균형능력 향상을 위해 참여형 재활프로그램을 활용하여 신체적 웰빙을 도모할 수 있을 방안으로 제안하는 바이다.

4차 산업혁명 주요 기술인 사물인터넷과 블록체인 등이 활성화되면 사람과 사물 그리고 공간이 연결·소통하게 되어 다양한 정보가 축적된다. 이러한 정보는 초기에는 단순 정보조각에 지나지 않지만 상당 기간 축적되고 수치화되면 유의미한 자료가 생성 된다. 따라서 4차 산업혁명을 성공적으로 구현하기 위해서는 다양한 빅데이터가 요구되며, 특히 이를 개인 삶에 적용하려면 개인정보가 축적 및 활용되어야 한다. 하지만 금융, 통신 등 국민생활과 밀접한 분야에서 개인정보 대량유출사고가 발생하고 있기 때문에 활용만큼 보호조치가 강화되어야 한다. 개인정보보호법 제정 당시 세밀하게 규정하지 못한 사항을 보완하고 또한 산업기술 발달에 따른 개인정보침해요소 등장에 규제를 강화하는 방향으로 개정이 이루어져 왔다. 역대 정부에서는 개인정보에 관한 산업적 중요성을 인식하고 개별법에서 활용 방안을 검토하였으나 실질적인 개인정보보호조직 개편은 이루어지지 못하였다. 2017년 출범한 현 정부는 개인정보의 활용과 보호를 위해 빅데이터 산업활성화 정책 추진과 보호조직체계를 개편하고자 한다. 다만, 이번 정부개정안을 검토해 보면 산발적으로 흩어져 있는 보호조직을 통합하고 체계화하였다는 점에서 의미 있지만 여전히 독립기구로서의 역할을 수행하기에는 부족하다. 개인정보보호기구 개편은 우선 개인정보보호위원회를 중앙행정기관으로 설정하는 등 법적지위를 강화하여야 한다. 특히 국무총리 등의 감독권한 배제 및 집행권한 부여 등을 통하여 실질 권한을 확보하여야 한다. 더불어 인사권한의 보장 및 개인정보보호위원회 위원 추천기구를 다양화하여야 한다. 그리고 보호위원 신분보장 규정을 마련하여 독립성을 확보하고 기술적 식견을 가진 전문인력 참여를 통하여 보호뿐만 아니라 개인정보 활용을 강화한다. 마지막으로 현행 보호체계 개편 및 효율화를 통하여 분산된 조직을 유기적으로 통폐합하여야 한다. 개인정보보호위원회의 실무를 담당하기 위하여 인터넷진흥원의 개인정보보호본부를 이관하고 한국개인 정보보호원 등 전문기관을 신설하는 등 적극적 방안을 검토하여야 한다. 최근 국회에 계류된 다양한 개정안은 개인정보 활용뿐만 아니라 보호조치를 강화하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 하지만 개인정보보호위원회 체계개편이 여전히 미흡한 수준에 머물러 있기 때문에 향후 법안소위 등 국회 논의과정에서 적극적인 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

This study used web crawling techniques to collect cases of conflicts in urban regeneration projects. The collected conflicts cases were sorted by identity of a stakeholder and an issue resulting in conflict to figure out the characteristics of conflicts in the real field. The purpose of this study is analyzing whether these attributes were properly reflected in conflict management plan of the urban regeneration project proposal. 124 cases of conflicts in 9 urban regeneration projects and the Urban Regeneration New Deal project proposal of two sites showed that there was a slight difference between the characteristics of conflicts in the real field and the characteristics of conflicts presented in the project proposal. According to conflict management in the project proposal, in terms of type of identity of a stakeholder, private sector such as residents and merchants appeared as the major participant in conflict. But in the real field, the public sector was also the major as well as private sector. In case of type of conflicts issues, conflict management in the project proposal relatively manages well various issues that may occur in the real field. So, conflicts management plan should be more suitable for the characteristics of real conflicts.

Rationale: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system with an autoantibody against aquaporin-4 protein (AQP4), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. We report a female patient with ALS who had asymptomatic AQP4 antibody at the diagnosis of ALS, and NMOSD occurred 4 years later after the diagnosis of ALS. Patient concerns: She was already bedridden and had tracheostomy because of ALS which was diagnosed at her age of 55. At the time of her ALS diagnosis, she had no brain or spinal cord lesions, but was seropositive for AQP4 antibody. At her age of 59, new-onset complete paralysis of all extremities and severe pain on the posterior neck and both shoulders occurred and visited the hospital. Diagnosis: Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis was diagnosed, which was the onset attack of seropositive NMOSD. The diagnosis was confirmed based on the international consensus diagnostic criteria for NMOSD with MR imaging, cerebrospinal fluid exam and laboratory work-ups with AQP4 antibody test. Interventions: High dose methylprednisolone was administered for 5 days. Plasma exchange as a further treatment was recommended, but she and her family refused. Outcomes: Her pain was relieved after steroid treatment, but there was no improvement of her leg weakness. Lessons: This case is a rare combination of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the alterations of blood-brain barrier along with the progression of ALS, it highlights that the consequence of ALS pathogenesis might affect the development of NMOSD. And the careful follow-up is recommended even in patients with profound weakness, especially if those who were at risk of developing certain neurological disorders.

Additional file 3. All raw images for entire membranes of Western blotting.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Gene ontology analysis for the up-regulated (A) and down-regulated proteins (B) in the striatal synaptosome of Shank3 TG mice. Fig. S2 Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for the proteomic change in the striatal synaptosome of Shank3 TG mice. Fig. S3 Puromycin (Puro.) labeling of nascent polypeptides in acute slices of the mouse striatum. CHX, cycloheximide. Materials and methods

Additional file 1: Supplementary Materials.

Additional file 6: Figure S6. The apoptotic cell death by SOD1 mutations (G85R and D90A) in fALS is related with miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) signaling pathway. (A) Immunoblot analysis showed that SOD1 (G85R and D90A) mutations increased both Hif1α and Mef2c. Mctp1 and Rarb were decreased by overexpressed SOD1 (G85R and D90A). Increased Bax and decreased Bcl1 proteins by SOD1 (G85R and D90A) were associated with apoptosis in NSC-34 cont cells. (B) RT-qPCR analysis explained that Hif1α and Mef2c were upregulated by SOD1 (G85R and D90A). (C) The mRNA levels of Mctp1 and Rarb was reduced by SOD1 (G85R and D90A). (D) Bax mRNA levels are increased and Bcl2 mRNA levels are decreased under overexpressed SOD1 (G85R and D90A) condition. (E) miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) was reduced by SOD1 (G85R and D90A) (F) miR-206 was upregulated by SOD1 (G85R and D90A). (G) The mRNA levels of SOD1 (G85R and D90A) was increased in NSC-34 cont cells. Empty vector served as a negative control (Cont). The data represent the average ± SEM of 5 separate experiments. Significantly different at *, p

supplement_material for In hotel REITs, are institutional investors beneficial for firm value? by Soyon Paek, Jin-Young Kim, Sung Gyun Mun and Chulhee Jun in Tourism Economics

Additional file 5: Figure S5. Overexpressed Mctp1 and Rarb reduce apoptotic cell death in mtNSC-34 cells. (A) Co-transfected Mctp1 and Rarb decreased Bax proteins and increased Bcl2 proteins. (B) RT-qPCR analysis explained that mRNA levels of Bax were reduced by cotransfected Mctp1 and Rarb. (C) Bcl2 transcripts were induced by overexpressed Mctp1 and Rarb. (D) LDH release showed that increased Mctp1 and Rarb reduced apoptosis. (E) Transfected Mctp1 reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels (Cont (0.025) versus Mctp1 (0.0078) in fluorescence intensities from baseline 490/525 ratio) and RT-qPCR analysis showed increased Mctp1 mRNAs. (F) Overexpressed Rarb enhanced neurite length. Significantly different at *, p

We study gravitational perturbations of electrically charged black holes in (3+1)-dimensional Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity with a positive cosmological constant. For the axial perturbations, we obtain a set of decoupled Schrodinger-type equations, whose formal expressions, in terms of metric functions, are the same as those without cosmological constant, corresponding to the Regge-Wheeler equation in the proper limit. We compute the quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the decoupled perturbations using the Schutz-Iyer-Will's WKB method. We discuss the stability of the charged black holes by investigating the dependence of quasi-normal frequencies on the parameters of the theory, correcting some errors in the literature. It is found that all the axial perturbations are stable for the cases where the WKB method applies. There are cases where the conventional WKB method does not apply, like the three-turning-points problem, so that a more generalized formalism is necessary for studying their QNMs and stabilities. We find that, for the degenerate horizons with the "point-like" horizons at the origin, the QNMs are quite long-lived, close to the quasi-resonance modes, in addition to the "frozen" QNMs for the Nariai-type horizons and the usual (short-lived) QNMs for the extremal black hole horizons. This is a genuine effect of the branch which does not have the general relativity limit. We also study the exact solution near the (charged) Nariai limit and find good agreements even far beyond the limit for the imaginary frequency parts., Comment: Matches published version

Additional file 8: Table S1 Mouse primer sequences that are used for cloning of 3’UTR of Hif1α, Rarb and Mctp1, miR-18b, miR-206, GFP-Rarb and mCherry-Mctp1. Table S2 Mouse primer sequences that are used for reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Table S3 Mouse primer sequences that are used for quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Table S4 Human primer sequences that are used for quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Table S5 Human primer sequences that are used for reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Table S6 Human spinal cord and blood samples

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Downregulated miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) by transfected anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p) controls alteration of several gene expressions and induces apoptotic cell death in NSC-34 cont cells. (A) anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p) increased Hif1α and Mef2c proteins. Both Mctp1 and Rarb proteins were decreased by anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p). Upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl2 by anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p) induced apoptotic cell death. (B and C) anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p) increased Hif1α and Mef2c transcripts. (D and E) Mctp1 and Rarb mRNAs were decreased by anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p). (F and G) Bax mRNAs were upregulated and Bcl2 mRNAs were downregulated under knock down of miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) condition. (H) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release analysis showed that anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p) induces cell death. (I and J) RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated decreased miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) and increased miR-206 by anti-18b (anti-miR-18b-5p). (K) Flow cytometry analysis explained that reduced miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) induces apoptotic cell death. Scrambled anti-mir served as a negative control (Cont). The data represent the average ± SEM of 3 separate experiments. Significantly different at *, p

Additional file 4: Figure S4. Reduced miR-206 in mtNSC-34 cells recovered apoptotic cell death. (A) Western blot analysis showed that transfected anti-206 (anti-miR-206) increased protein levels of Mctp1 and Rarb. Bax protein levels were reduced and Bcl2 protein levels were induced by anti-206 (anti-miR-206), respectively. (B and C) RT-qPCR results showed that Mctp1 and Rarb transcripts also were increased by anti-206 (anti-miR-206). (D and E) Bax mRNAs upregulated and Bcl2 mRNAs downregulated under transfected anti-206 (anti-miR-206) condition, respectively. (F) LDH release assay demonstrated that reduced miR-206 was associated apoptosis. (G) miR-206 was decreased by anti-206 (anti-miR-206). Scrambled anti-mir served as a negative control (Cont). (H and I) Luciferase assay with mutation of miR-206 binding sites (3′ UTR of Mctp1 and Rarb) did not show any significant change. Significantly different at *, p

Glycosylation is a topic of intense current interest in the development of biopharmaceuticals because it is related to drug safety and efficacy. This work describes results of an interlaboratory study on the glycosylation of the Primary Sample (PS) of NISTmAb, a monoclonal antibody reference material. Seventy-six laboratories from industry, university, research, government, and hospital sectors in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia submitted a total of 103 reports on glycan distributions. The principal objective of this study was to report and compare results for the full range of analytical methods presently used in the glycosylation analysis of mAbs. Therefore, participation was unrestricted, with laboratories choosing their own measurement techniques. Protein glycosylation was determined in various ways, including at the level of intact mAb, protein fragments, glycopeptides, or released glycans, using a wide variety of methods for derivatization, separation, identification, and quantification. Consequently, the diversity of results was enormous, with the number of glycan compositions identified by each laboratory ranging from 4 to 48. In total, one hundred sixteen glycan compositions were reported, of which 57 compositions could be assigned consensus abundance values. These consensus medians provide community-derived values for NISTmAb PS. Agreement with the consensus medians did not depend on the specific method or laboratory type. The study provides a view of the current state-of-the-art for biologic glycosylation measurement and suggests a clear need for harmonization of glycosylation analysis methods.

Additional file 7: Figure S7. Downregulated miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) in iPSCs-derived motor neuron from SOD1 (G17S) ALS patient induce apoptotic cell death. (A) RT-PCR analysis verified that hiPSCs from normal and fALS SOD1 (G17S) were generated. (B) The immunoreactivity of ChAT (motor neuron) and MAP2 (neurite outgrowth) was expressed in differentiated motor neurons (normal vs SOD1 (G17S) patient). Scale bar, 20 μm. (C) Bax mRNAs were increased and Bcl2 mRNAs were decreased in iPSCs-derived motor neuron SOD1 (G17S) ALS patient. (D) LDH release analysis demonstrated that the apoptotic cell death was induced in iPSCs-derived motor neuron SOD1 (G17S) ALS patient. Significantly different at *, p

Additional file 3: Figure S3. Knock down of Hif1α reduces apoptotic cell death in mtNSC-34 cells. (A) Transfected siHif1α decreased Mef2c proteins. Mctp1 and Rarb expressions were increased by knock down of Hif1α. siHif1α reduced Bax and induced Bcl2 protein levels. (B and C) RT-qPCR analysis showed downregulated Hif1α by siHif1α decreased Mef2c. (D and E) mRNA levels of Mctp1 and Rarb was increased by siHif1α. (F and G) siHif1α downregulated Bax and upregulated Bcl2 transcripts. (H) miR-206 expression was increased under knock down of Hif1α condition. (I) LDH release analysis showed that siHif1α restored apoptotic cell death. Scrambled siRNA served as a negative control (Cont). Significantly different at *, p

Supplemental Material, ms_change_tracking for Post-Stroke Depressive Symptoms: Varying Responses to Escitalopram by Individual Symptoms and Lesion Location by Eun-Jae Lee, Jong S. Kim, Dae-Il Chang, Jong-Ho Park, Seong Hwan Ahn, Jae-Kwan Cha, Ji Hoe Heo, Sung-Il Sohn, Byung-Chul Lee, Dong-Eog Kim, Hahn Young Kim, Seongheon Kim, Do-Young Kwon, Jei Kim, Woo-Keun Seo, Jun Lee, Sang-Won Park, Seong-Ho Koh, Jin Young Kim, Smi Choi-Kwon, Min-Sun Kim and Ji-Sung Lee in Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology

Additional file 1 Figure S1. Mctp1 and Rarb are targeted by miR-206 and Hif1α is targeted by miR-18b (miR-18b-5p). (A) A schematic diagram explains consensus base pairing between miR-206 with the 3′ UTR sequences of mouse Mctp1 and Rarb. (B) A schematic diagram shows consensus base pairing between miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) with the 3′ UTR sequences of mouse Hif1α. The identification of miR-18b (miR-18b-5p) target sequences was analyzed by TargetScan ( http://www.targetscan.org ).