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While a standard definition of (musical) rhythm indicates that it consists of the duration of individual events of sound and silence, this paper suggests that rhythm consists of the units of events such as sounds, silences and bodily movements which are no preexisting formal objects that can be combined, but units of action that are constituted in the course of rhythmic experience.

Determining cost-effective semiconductors exhibiting desirable properties for commercial photoelectrochemical water splitting remains a challenge. Herein, we report a Sb2Se3 semiconductor that satisfies most requirements for an ideal high-performance photoelectrode, including a small band gap and favourable cost, optoelectronic properties, processability, and photocorrosion stability. Strong anisotropy, a major issue for Sb2Se3, is resolved by suppressing growth kinetics via close space sublimation to obtain high-quality compact thin films with favourable crystallographic orientation. The Sb2Se3 photocathode exhibits a high photocurrent density of almost 30 mA cm−2 at 0 V against the reversible hydrogen electrode, the highest value so far. We demonstrate unassisted solar overall water splitting by combining the optimised Sb2Se3 photocathode with a BiVO4 photoanode, achieving a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 1.5% with stability over 10 h under simulated 1 sun conditions employing a broad range of solar fluxes. Low-cost Sb2Se3 can thus be an attractive breakthrough material for commercial solar fuel production.

Objectives/Interrogation: Breslow thickness is the most important factor that determines treatment plans and the prognosis of the melanoma. However, this cannot be directly applied to the subungual melanoma considering the unique anatomy of the nail unit. The aim of the present study is to analyze[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)

A recent paradigm shift in music research has allowed scholars to examine the macro- and micro-processes taking place within musical performance and underlying cognitive processes. Tying in with phenomenological theories of embodied perception and cognition, this paper focuses on bodily musical activity relevant to the acquisition of instrumental musical skills – the process of learning music. Dynamic interaction with musical instruments, accompanied by the interplay of action and passion, involves body image and body schema, whose status oscillates in different phases of the acquisition of instrumental musical skills; this interaction allows humans to direct attention from their bodily states – the proximal – to the quality of musical sounds and a unity of musical experience – the distal. It is thus argued that shaping music by means of playing a musical instrument can be conceived of as an embodied process, of understanding the forms of one’s own experience as related to the musical world that is created by one’s bodily activity.

Supplemental material, Supplementary_figure_1 for The protective effect of human adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is dependent on their level of expression of heme oxygenase-1 by Hyun Seop Cho, Ha Nee Jang, Myeong Hee Jung, Si Jung Jang, Sang-Ho Jeong, Tae Won Lee, Eunjin Bae, Se-Ho Chang, Dong Jun Park and Jin Hyun Kim in European Journal of Inflammation

The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic variables of the motion development with or without prediction among cutting motions of middle school soccer players participating in winter off-season training on lower extremity injury and identify the impact on injury risk. The study was conducted for 29 middle school soccer players participating in the winter off-season training in Jeju Island. The subjects were instructed to run toward the ground force platform and to jump at the their stride 90% point and then, to change direction to left or right 45 degrees at the same time as landing. In this study, only the crossing motion cut to the right side among these motions was analyzed. For statistical processing, the mean and standard deviation were calculated through the PASW ver. 18.0 program, and an independent sample t test was conducted to verify the difference between predicted and unexpected situations, and the significance level was set to .05. The results of this study are as follows: First, there was a statistically significant difference between the ground contact time and the ground reaction force (Fy, Fz2). Second, at the joint angle, there was a statistically significant difference in hip joint at landing, knee and ankle joints at the moment when the angle reached maximum. Third, in the joint moment, there were differences in knee and ankle joints at landing, and there were statistically significant differences in hip, knee and ankle joints when the angle reaches its maximum and when it is easy. The results of this study show that whether to predict the direction can be used as basic data for trainers and coaches who run training programs to prevent injuries and muscle strengthening programs to cope with presence or absence of direction prediction in addition to warning messages about the great risk of lower extremity injuries.

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Bien que le rôle dans l’expérience esthétique des kinesthèses remontant au cycle action-perception du processus de création artistique soit reconnu par la théorie neurocognitive de l’esthétique, on n’a pas encore dissocié les contributions respectives des sensations corporelles et de la simulation interne, deux dimensions distinguées par T. Lipps. Pour désambiguer la part de l’empathie kinesthésique dans l’expérience esthétique de la musique, on a comparé les enregistrements des micro-gestes d’exécution de musiciens avec leur compte-rendu de l’expressivité musicale éprouvée lors de l’observation et de l’exécution de morceaux de musique. While neurocognitive aesthetics increasingly acknowledges the role of kinaesthesia in aesthetic experience, as going back to the action-perception cycle of artistic shaping processes, the respective contributions of the two dimensions of kinaesthesia distinguished by T. Lipps: bodily sensations and inner mimicry remain to be ascertained. In an attempt to render the part played by kinaesthetic empathy in aesthetic experience of music less ambiguous, microgestures of musicians were recorded and compared to their self-reported feeling of expressiveness both in the sight-reading and in the playing of musical pieces.

International audience

The analysis of probabilistic schedulability explores all possible combinations of the probabilities of task attributes, which can easily lead to exponential computation time [24]. In this paper, we present a flexible schedulability analysis framework for periodic and sporadic tasks having probabilistic attributes where the computation time scales linearly in the size of analyzed systems. The framework is given in terms of a set of Parameterized Stopwatch Automata (PSA) models, which leads to a large degree of flexibility. Probability distributions for response time are generated using statistical model checking (UPPAAL SMC) while the overall schedulability can be checked using symbolic model checking (UPPAAL). We also define PoMD (percentage of missed deadlines) as a measure of the probabilistic schedulability of systems. To evaluate our approach, we compare the time used for computing response times and the analysis results using similar task models to that of a related analytical approach.

This paper presents a compositional approach for schedula-bility analysis of hierarchical systems, which enables to prove more sys-tems schedulable by having richer and more detailed scheduling models.We use a lightweight method (statistical model checking) for design ex-ploration, easily assuring high confidence in the correctness of the model.A satisfactory design can be proved schedulable using the computationcostly method (symbolic model checking). In order to analyze a hierar-chical scheduling system compositionally, we introduce the notion of astochastic supplier modeling the supply of resources in each component.We specifically investigate two different techniques to widen the set ofprovably schedulable systems: 1) a new supplier model; 2) restricting thepotential task offsets. We also provide a way to estimate the minimumresource supply (budget) that a component is required to provide This paper presents a compositional approach for schedulability analysis of hierarchical systems, which enables to prove more systems schedulable by having richer and more detailed scheduling models. We use a lightweight method (statistical model checking) for design exploration, easily assuring high confidence in the correctness of the model. A satisfactory design can be proved schedulable using the computation costly method (symbolic model checking). In order to analyze a hierarchical scheduling system compositionally, we introduce the notion of a stochastic supplier modeling the supply of resources in each component. We specifically investigate two different techniques to widen the set of provably schedulable systems: 1) a new supplier model; 2) restricting the potential task offsets. We also provide a way to estimate the minimum resource supply (budget) that a component is required to provide.

This paper introduces a reconfigurable compositional schedul-ing framework, in which the hierarchical structure, the scheduling poli-cies, the concrete task behavior and the shared resources can all be recon-figured. The behavior of each periodic preemptive task is given as a list oftimed actions, which are some of the inputs for the parameterized timedautomata that make up the framework. Components may have differentscheduling policies, and each component is analyzed independently usingUppaal. We have applied our framework for the schedulability analysisof an avionics system. This paper introduces a reconfigurable compositional scheduling framework, in which the hierarchical structure, the scheduling policies, the concrete task behavior and the shared resources can all be reconfigured. The behavior of each periodic preemptive task is given as a list of timed actions, which are some of the inputs for the parameterized timed automata that make up the framework. Components may have different scheduling policies, and each component is analyzed independently using Uppaal. We have applied our framework for the schedulability analysis of an avionics system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:30:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jin Hyun Kim.pdf: 2911975 bytes, checksum: f52f85e0769d576a5d47e7bf335d3973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19 This study evaluated the skeletal effects of maxillary protraction using 2D images (lateral radiograph) generated from the cone beam CT (3D images). The sample consisted of 20 children (15 females and 5 males), aged 5,6 -10,7 years who had malocclusion Class III malocclusion. CT was performed before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2). The treatment was performed by maxillary protraction using the Hyrax expansion appliance associated with individualized face mask with the force of 600 to 800g each side for 14 hours a day. The correction of canine relationship in Class I or Class II in their overcorrection was obtained after 4-7 months of treatment. To check the systematic error and random test was used for paired "t" and the formula of Dahlberg, respectively. The test paired "t" (p

Electrocatalysis has been proposed as a versatile technology for wastewater treatment and reuse. While enormous attention has been centered on material synthesis and design, the practicality of such catalyst materials remains clouded by a lack of both stability assessment protocols and understanding of deactivation mechanisms. In this study, we develop a protocol to identify the wastewater constituents most detrimental to electrocatalyst performance in a timely manner and elucidate the underlying phenomena behind these losses. Synthesized catalysts are electrochemically investigated in various electrolytes based on real industrial effluent characteristics and methodically subjected to a sequence of chronopotentiometric stability tests, in which each stage presents harsher operating conditions. To showcase, oxidized carbon black is chosen as a model catalyst for the electrosynthesis of H2O2, a precursor for advanced oxidation processes. Results illustrate severe losses in catalyst activity and/or selectivity upon the introduction of metal pollutants, namely magnesium and zinc. The insights garnered from this protocol serve to translate lab-scale electrocatalyst developments into practical technologies for industrial water treatment purposes.

Although large research efforts have been devoted to photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting in the past several decades, the lack of efficient, stable and Earth-abundant photoelectrodes remains a bottleneck for practical application. Here, we report a photocathode with a coaxial nanowire structure implementing a Cu2O/Ga2O3-buried p-n junction that achieves efficient light harvesting across the whole visible region to over 600 nm, reaching an external quantum yield for hydrogen generation close to 80%. With a photocurrent onset over +1V against the reversible hydrogen electrode and a photocurrent density of -10 mA cm(-2) at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, our electrode constitutes the best oxide photocathode for catalytic generation of hydrogen from sunlight known today. Conformal coating via atomic-layer deposition of a TiO2 protection layer enables stable operation exceeding 100 h. Using NiMo as the hydrogen evolution catalyst, an all Earth-abundant Cu2O photocathode was achieved with stable operation in a weak alkaline electrolyte. To show the practical impact of this photocathode, we constructed an all-oxide unassisted solar water splitting tandem device using state-of-the-art BiVO4 as the photoanode, achieving -3% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency.

Music performance is all about the expressive communication of artistic ideas. To express these ideas to an audience, musicians depend on their musical instrument. Within the embodied music cognition paradigm the musical instrument is considered to be a multimodal technology that mediates between the performers mind (musical ideas) and physical energy (the sounding music) (Leman, 2007). But what exactly does this mediating role consists of? Is the musical instrument a mere material channel through which pre-defined meaning is transferred to the listener? Or does it play a constitutive role for the generation and communication of musical meaning?