Search

We discuss the use of commercial high-power light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source for fluorescence pressure measurements. A relatively broad light emitting spectra of single color LEDs (in comparison with lasers) do not prevent producing narrow fluorescence lines at least for two widely used pressure indicator materials, namely ruby (Cr$^{3+}$:Al$_2$O$_3$) and strontium tetraborate (Sm$^{2+}$:SrB$_4$O$_7$). Strongest responses of both pressure indicators were detected for the green color LEDs with the average wavelength $\lambda_{\rm av}\sim 530$ nm. LEDs might be easily implemented for producing fiber coupled, as well as the parallel light sources. LEDs were found to be efficient to replace laser sources in piston-cylinder cell and diamond anvil cell fluorescence pressure measurement setups., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication by "High Pressure Research"

We report on measurements of the oxygen isotope ($^{16}$O/$^{18}$O) effect (OIE) on the transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$ and the zero-temperature in-plane magnetic penetration depth $\lambda_{\rm ab}(0)$ in the stoichiometric cuprate superconductor YBa$_2$Cu$_4$O$_8$ by means of muon-spin rotation/relaxation. An analysis of the temperature evolution of $\lambda^{-2}_{\rm ab}$ in terms of coexisting $s+d-$wave order parameters reveals that the OIE on the superfluid density $\rho_{\rm s}(0)\propto\lambda^{-2}_{\rm ab}(0)$ stems predominantly from the $d-$wave component while the contribution of the $s-$wave one is almost zero. The OIE on the transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$ is found to be rather small: $\delta T_{\rm c}/T_{\rm c}= -0.32(7)$%, compared to the total OIE on the superfluid density $\rho_{\rm s}(0)$: $\delta \rho_{\rm s}(0)/\rho_{\rm s}(0)= -2.8(1.0)$%. The partial OIE's on the corresponding $d-$wave and $s-$wave components of $\rho_{\rm s}(0)$ are $\delta \rho_{\rm s,d}(0)/\rho_{\rm s}(0)= -3.0(1.2)$%, and $\delta \rho_{\rm s,s}(0)/\rho_{\rm s}(0)= 0.2(1.2)$%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that polaron formation in the CuO$_2$ planes is the origin of the observed OIE in the $d-$wave channel. In the much weaker $s-$wave channel, fermionic quasiparticles are present, which do not contribute to the OIE on $\rho_{\rm s}(0)$. Our results support the original idea of K. Alex M\"{u}ller on the polaronic nature of the supercarries in high-temperature cuprate superconductors., Comment: Contribution to a special issue by Physica C: "Oxide superconductors and beyond - In memoriam of Professor Karl Alex M\"uller"

We report on measurements of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth ($\lambda_{\rm ab}$) in single crystals of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ down to $\simeq 0.015$ K by means of muon-spin rotation/relaxation. The linear temperature dependence of $\lambda^{-2}_{\rm ab}$ for $T\lesssim 0.7$ K suggests the presence of nodes in the superconducting gap. This statement is further substantiated by observation of the Volovik effect, $i.e.$ the reduction of $\lambda_{ab}^{-2}$ as a function of the applied magnetic field. The experimental zero-field and zero-temperature value of $\lambda_{\rm ab}=124(3)$ nm agrees with $\lambda_{\rm ab}\simeq 130$ nm, calculated based on results of electronic structure measurements reported in [Phys. Rev X 9, 021048 (2019)]. Our analysis reveals that a simple nodal superconducting energy gap, described by the lowest possible harmonic of a gap function, does not capture the dependence of $\lambda_{\rm ab}^{-2}$ on $T$, so the higher angular harmonics of the energy gap function need to be introduced., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

The first-principles calculations and measurements of the magnetic penetration depths, the upper critical field, and the specific heat were performed for a family of Mo$_5$Si$_{3-x}$P$_x$ superconducotrs. First-principles calculations suggest the presence of a flat band dispersion, which gradually shifts to the Fermi level as a function of phosphorus doping $x$. The flat band approaches the Fermi level at $x\simeq 1.3$, thus separating Mo$_5$Si$_{3-x}$P$_x$ between the purely steep band and the steep band/flat band superconducting regimes. The emergence of flat bands lead to an abrupt change of nearly all the superconducting quantities. In particular, a strong reduction of the coherence length $\xi$ and enhancement of the penetration depth $\lambda$ result in nearly factor of three increase of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter $\kappa=\lambda/\xi$ (from $\kappa\simeq 25$ for $x\lesssim 1.2$ to $\kappa\simeq 70$ for $x\gtrsim 1.4$) thus initiating the transition of Mo$_5$Si$_{3-x}$P$_x$ from a moderate to an extreme type-II superconductivity., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

A three-wall piston-cylinder type high pressure cell for muon-spin rotation/relaxation experiments was designed, manufactured, tested and commissioned. The outer cylinder of the cell body is made from MP35N and the middle and the inner cylinders are made from NiCrAl nonmagnetic alloys. The mechanical design and performance of the pressure cell are evaluated and optimised using finite-element analysis. The outcomes of the experimental testing closely match the modelling results. The high-pressure cell is shown to reach pressures of up to 3.3 GPa at ambient temperature, corresponding to 3.0 GPa at low temperatures, without irreversible damage., 17 pages, 12 figures

A Muon Spin Rotation (µ + SR) study was conducted to investigate the magnetic properties of SrCu2(BO3)2 (SCBO) as a function of temperature/pressure. Measurements in zero field and transverse field confirm the absence of long range magnetic order at high pressures and low temperatures. These measurements suggest changes in the Cu spin fluctuations characteristics above 21 kbar, consistent with the formation of a plaquette phase as previously suggested by inelastic neutron scattering measurements. SCBO is the only known realisation of the Shatry-Sutherland model, thus the ground state mediating the dimer and antiferromagnetic phase is likekly to be a plaquette state.

We investigated the superconducting properties of the topological superconductor $\alpha$--PdBi$_2$ at ambient and external pressures up to 1.77~GPa using muon spin rotation ($\mu$SR) experiments. The ambient pressure measurements evince a fully gapped $s$-wave superconducting state in the bulk of the specimen. AC magnetic susceptibility and $\mu$SR measurements manifest a continuous suppression of $T_{\rm c}$ with increasing pressure. In parallel, we observed a significant decrease of superfluid density by $\sim$20\% upon application of external pressure. Remarkably, the superfluid density follows linear relation with $T_{\rm c}$ which was found before in some unconventional topological superconductors and hole doped cuprates. This finding signals a possible crossover from BEC to BCS in $\alpha$--PdBi$_2$., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

We investigated the superconducting properties of the topological superconductor $��$--PdBi$_2$ at ambient and external pressures up to 1.77~GPa using muon spin rotation ($��$SR) experiments. The ambient pressure measurements evince a fully gapped $s$-wave superconducting state in the bulk of the specimen. AC magnetic susceptibility and $��$SR measurements manifest a continuous suppression of $T_{\rm c}$ with increasing pressure. In parallel, we observed a significant decrease of superfluid density by $\sim$20\% upon application of external pressure. Remarkably, the superfluid density follows linear relation with $T_{\rm c}$ which was found before in some unconventional topological superconductors and hole doped cuprates. This finding signals a possible crossover from BEC to BCS in $��$--PdBi$_2$., 6 pages, 4 figures

The kagome metals of the family $A$V$_3$Sb$_5$, featuring a unique structural motif, harbor an array of intriguing phenomena such as chiral charge order and superconductivity. CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ is of particular interest because it displays a double superconducting dome in the region of the temperature-pressure phase diagram where charge order is still present. However, the microscopic origin of such an unusual behavior remains an unsolved issue. Here, to address it, we combine high-pressure, low-temperature muon spin relaxation with first-principles calculations. We observe a pressure-induced threefold enhancement of the superfluid density, which also displays a double peak feature, similar to the superconducting critical temperature. This leads to three distinct regions in the phase diagram, each of which features distinct slopes of the linear relation between superfluid density and the critical temperature. These results are attributed to a possible evolution of the charge order pattern from the superimposed tri-hexagonal Star-of-David phase at low pressures (within the first dome) to the staggered tri-hexagonal phase at intermediate pressures (between the first and second domes). Our findings suggest a change in the nature of the charge ordered state across the phase diagram of CsV$_3$Sb$_5$, with varying degrees of competition with superconductivity., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

The recently discovered vanadium-based kagome metals $A$V$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ ($A$~=~K,~Rb,~Cs) exhibit superconductivity at low-temperatures and charge density wave (CDW) order at high-temperatures. A prominent feature of the charge ordered state in this family is that it breaks time-reversal symmetry (TRSB), which is connected to the underlying topological nature of the band structure. In this work, a powerful combination of zero-field and high-field muon-spin rotation/relaxation is used to study the signatures of TRSB of the charge order in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$, as well as its anisotropic character. By tracking the temperature evolution of the in-plane and out-of-plane components of the muon-spin polarization, an enhancement of the internal field width sensed by the muon-spin ensemble was observed below $T_{\rm TRSB}=T_{\rm CDW}\simeq95$~K. Additional increase of the internal field width, accompanied by a change of the local field direction at the muon site from the $ab$-plane to the $c$-axis, was detected below $T^\ast\simeq30$~K. Remarkably, this two-step feature becomes well pronounced when a magnetic field of 8~T is applied along the crystallographic $c-$axis, thus indicating a field-induced enhancement of the electronic response at the CDW transition. These results point to a TRSB in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ by charge order with an onset of ${\simeq}~95$~K, followed by an enhanced electronic response below ${\simeq}~30$~K. The observed two-step transition is discussed within the framework of different charge-order instabilities, which, in accordance with density functional theory calculations, are nearly degenerate in energy., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Measurement of the absolute value of the applied pressure in high-pressure muon and neutron experiments is a complicated task. It requires both the presence of a calibration material inside the sample volume as well as additional time for refining the response of the calibrant. Here we describe the use of optical calibrants for precise determination of the pressure value inside the piston-cylinder clamp cells. Utilizing the concept of separate volumes for the sample and the optical media, a new setup for conducting in-situ pressure measurements has been successfully tested. Pressures in both the `sample' and the `optical' volumes were proved to be the same within experimental accuracy. The use of SrB$_{4}$O$_7$:(0.01 Sm$^{2+}$, 0.03 Eu$^{2+}$) as a pressure calibrant allows for a high accuracy of pressure determination by considering up to eight fluorescence lines., 9 pages, 9 figures

The unconventional multi-gap superconductivity in elemental Pb were reported previously by surface sensitive tunneling experiments, as well as predicted by several theory works. To obtain bulk evidence for such multiple gap behavior, the thermodynamic critical field $B_{\rm c}$ was measured along three different crystallographic directions ([100], [110], and [111]) in a high-quality Pb single crystal by means of muon spin rotation/relaxation. No difference in temperature evolution of $B_{\rm c}$ for all three directions was detected. The average reduced gap $\alpha=\Delta/k_{\rm B}T_{\rm c}=2.312(3)$ ($\Delta$ is the zero-temperature gap value and $T_{\rm c}$ is the transition temperature) was further obtained by employing the phenomenological $\alpha-$model. Our results imply that the elemental Pb is an isotropic superconductor with a single energy gap., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. The version without `smiling' description to appear in Physical Review B as a Letter

The magnetic properties of iron-based superconductors $A$Fe$_2$As$_2$ ($A=$K, Cs, and Rb), which are characterized by the V-shaped dependence of the critical temperature ($T_{\rm c}$) on pressure ($P$) were studied by means of the muon spin rotation/relaxation technique. In all three systems studied the magnetism was found to appear for pressures slightly below the critical one ($P_{\rm c}$), i.e. at pressure where $T_{\rm c}(P)$ changes the slope. Rather than competing, magnetism and superconductivity in $A$Fe$_2$As$_2$ are coexisting at $P\gtrsim P_{\rm c}$ pressure region. Our results support the scenario of a transition from one pairing state to another, with different symmetries on either side of $P_{\rm c}$., 7 pages, 3 figures

The tetragonal Mo5PB2 compound was recently reported to show superconductivity with a critical temperature up to 9.2 K. In search of evidence for multiple superconducting gaps in Mo5PB2, comprehensive measurements, including magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, heat capacity, and muon-spin rotation and relaxation measurements were carried out. Data from both low-temperature superfluid density and electronic specific heat suggest a nodeless superconducting ground state in Mo5PB2. Two superconducting energy gaps Δ0 = 1.02 meV (25%) and 1.49 meV (75%) are required to describe the low-T electronic specific-heat data. The multigap features are clearly evidenced by the field dependence of the electronic specific-heat coefficient and the Gaussian relaxation rate in the superconducting state (i.e., superfluid density), as well as by the temperature dependence of the upper critical field. By combining our extensive experimental results with numerical band-structure calculations, we provide compelling evidence of multigap superconductivity in Mo5PB2., New Journal of Physics, 22 (9), ISSN:1367-2630

Single crystals of monoclinic La$_{5}$Co$_{2}$Ge$_{3}$ were grown using a self-flux method and were characterized by room-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, anisotropic temperature and field dependent magnetization, temperature dependent resistivity, specific heat, and muon spin rotation. La$_{5}$Co$_{2}$Ge$_{3}$ has a Curie temperature ($T_\mathrm{C}$) of 3.8~K and clear signatures of ferromagnetism in magnetization and $\mu SR$ data, as well as a clear loss of spin disorder scattering in resistivity data and a sharp specific heat anomaly. The magnetism associated with La$_{5}$Co$_{2}$Ge$_{3}$ is itinerant, has a change in the entropy at $T_\mathrm {C}$ of $\simeq$0.05 R ln2 per mol-Co, and has a low-field saturated moment of $\sim 0.1 \mu_\mathrm B$/Co, making it a rare, itinerant, small moment, low $T_\mathrm C$ compound.

The puzzling situation where some thermodynamic quantities require a single-gap description, while others need a more complex gap scenario, is discussed. Our approach reveals that in some cases, the conclusions based on measurements of only one thermodynamic quantity may lead to conflicting results. As an example, temperature evolutions of the electronic specific heat [$C_{\rm e}(T)$] and the thermodynamic critical field [$B_{\rm c}(T)$] of BeAu superconductor were reconsidered within the framework of the single-gap and the two-gap scenarios. The analysis shows that the single-gap approach describes the temperature dependencies of $C_{\rm e}(T)$ and the superfluid density $\rho_{\rm s}(T)$ satisfactorily. However it fails in the case of $B_{\rm c}(T)$. The self-consistent two-gap model, in contrast, is able to describe all of the mentioned thermodynamic quantities by using a similar set of parameters. Our results reveal that a proper description of the thermodynamic quantities, related to the superconducting pairing mechanism, requires the use of similar model containing the same set of parameters., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

The magnetic response of CaK(Fe$_{0.949}$Ni$_{0.051}$)$_4$As$_4$ was investigated by means of the muon-spin rotation/relaxation. The long-range commensurate magnetic order sets in below the N\'{e}el temperature $T_{\rm N}= 50.0(5)$~K. The density-functional theory calculations have identified three possible muon stopping sites. The experimental data were found to be consistent with only one type of magnetic structure, namely, the long-range magnetic spin-vortex-crystal order with the hedgehog motif within the $ab-$plane and the antiferromagnetic stacking along the $c-$direction. The value of the ordered magnetic moment at $T\approx3$ K was estimated to be $m_{\rm Fe}=0.38(11)$ $\mu_{\rm B}$ ($\mu_{\rm B}$ is the Bohr magneton). A microscopic coexistence of magnetic and superconducting phases accompanied by a reduction of the magnetic order parameter below the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}\simeq 9$ K is observed. Comparison with 11, 122, and 1144 families of Fe-based pnictides points to existence of correlation between the reduction of the magnetic order parameter at $T\rightarrow 0$ and the ratio of the transition temperatures $T_{\rm c}/T_{\rm N}$. Such correlations were found to be described by Machida's model for coexistence of itinerant spin-density wave magnetism and superconductivity [Machida, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 50, 2195 (1981) and Bud'ko et al., Phys. Rev. B 98, 144520 (2018)]., Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures

It is a well-established fact that the physical properties of compounds follow their crystal symmetries. This has especially pronounced implications on emergent collective quantum states in materials. Specifically, the effect of crystal symmetries on the properties of superconductors is widely appreciated, although the clarification of this relationship is a core effort of on-going research. Emergent phenomena on honeycomb lattices are of special interest, as they can give rise to spectacular phenomenology, as manifested by the recent discovery of correlated states in magic-angle graphene, or by the high-temperature superconductivity in MgB$_2$. Here, we report on the structural and microscopic superconducting properties of a class of ternary superconductors with Al/Si honeycomb layers, i.e. Ca$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$AlSi. We show that this solid solution is a remarkable model system with a highly tunable two-gap to single-gap superconducting system on a honeycomb lattice, where the superconductivity is enhanced by a subtle structural instability, i.e. the buckling of the Al/Si layers.

The majority of the iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) exhibit a two-dimensional square lattice structure. Recent reports of pressure-induced superconductivity in the spin-ladder system, BaFe$_2$X$_3$ (X =S,Se), introduce a quasi-one-dimensional prototype and an insulating parent compound to the FeSCs. Here we report X-ray, neutron diffraction and muon spin relaxation experiments on BaFe$_2$Se$_3$ under hydrostatic pressure to investigate its magnetic and structural properties across the pressure-temperature phase diagram. A structural phase transition was identified at a pressure of 3.7(3) GPa. Neutron diffraction measurements at 6.8(3) GPa and 120 K show that the block magnetism persists even at these high pressures. A steady increase and then fast drop of the magnetic transition temperature $T\rm_N$ and greatly reduced moment above the pressure $P_s$ indicate potentially rich and competing phases close to the superconducting phase in this ladder system.

The temperature dependent measurements of the thermodynamic critical field and the specific heat for the pressure stabilized Ga-II phase of elemental Gallium are presented. The discussion of these and other Ga phases data in the context of elemental and binary phonon-mediated type-I superconductors allowed to establish simple scaling relations between BCS quantities such as $B_{\rm c}(0)/T_{\rm c}\sqrt{\gamma_{\rm e}}$ and the specific heat jump at $T_{\rm c}$ versus the coupling strength $2\Delta/k_{\rm B} T_{\rm c}$ [$\Delta$ and $B_{\rm c}(0)$ are the zero-temperature values of the superconducting energy gap and the thermodynamic critical field, respectively, $T_{\rm c}$ is the transition temperature, and $\gamma_{\rm e}$ is the electronic specific heat]. The scaling relations can be analytically expressed by taking into account strong-coupling corrections to BCS theory. Such correlations can naturally explain the linear relation between $B_{\rm c}(0)$ and $T_{\rm c}$, which holds for type-I superconducting materials., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

The superconductivity in the Bi-II phase of elemental Bismuth (transition temperature $T_{\rm c}\simeq3.92$ K at pressure $p\simeq 2.80$ GPa) was studied experimentally by means of the muon-spin rotation as well as theoretically by using the Eliashberg theory in combination with Density Functional Theory calculations. Experiments reveal that Bi-II is a type-I superconductor with a zero temperature value of the thermodynamic critical field $B_{\rm c}(0)\simeq31.97$~mT. The Eliashberg theory approach provides a good agreement with the experimental $T_{\rm c}$ and the temperature evolution of $B_{\rm c}$. The estimated value for the retardation (coupling) parameter $k_{\rm B}T_{\rm c}/\omega_{\rm ln} \approx 0.07$ ($\omega_{\rm ln}$ is the logarithmically averaged phonon frequency) suggests that Bi-II is an intermediately-coupled superconductor., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

The application of the muon-spin rotation/relaxation ($��$SR) technique for studying type-I superconductivity is discussed. In the intermediate state, i.e. when a type-I superconducting sample with non-zero demagnetization factor $N$ is separated into normal state and Meissner state (superconducting) domains, the $��$SR technique allows to determine with very high precision the value of the thermodynamic critical field $B_{\rm c}$, as well as the volume of the sample in the normal and the superconducting state. Due to the microscopic nature of $��$SR technique, the $B_{\rm c}$ values are determined directly via measurements of the internal field inside the normal state domains. No assumptions or introduction of any type of measurement criteria are needed. Experiments performed on a 'classical' type-I superconductor, a cylindrically shaped $��-$Sn sample, allowed to reconstruct the full $B-T$ phase diagram. The zero-temperature value of the thermodynamic critical field $B_{\rm c}(0)=30.578(6)$ mT and the transition temperature $T_{\rm c}=3.717(3)$ K were determined and found to be in a good agreement with the literature data. An experimentally obtained demagnetization factor is in very good agreement with theoretical calculations of the demagnetization factor of a finite cylinder. The analysis of $B_{\rm c}(T)$ dependence within the framework of the phenomenological $��-$model allow to obtain the value of the superconducting energy gap $��=0.59(1)$ meV, of the electronic specific heat $��_e=1.781(3)$ ${\rm mJ}/{\rm mol}\; {\rm K}^2$ and of the jump in the heat capacity ${��C(T_c)}/{��T_{\rm c}}=1.55(2)$., 14 pages, 15 pictures

Similar to chemical doping, pressure produces and stabilizes new phases of known materials, whose properties may differ greatly from those of their standard counterparts. Here, by considering a series of LaFeAs1−xP x O iron-pnictides synthesized under high-pressure high-temperature conditions, we investigate the simultaneous effects of pressure and isoelectronic doping in the 1111 family. Results of numerous macroscopic and microscopic technique measurements unambiguously show a radically different phase diagram for the pressure-grown materials, characterized by the lack of magnetic order and the persistence of superconductivity across the whole 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 doping range. This unexpected scenario is accompanied by a branching in the electronic properties across x = 0.5, involving both the normal and superconducting phases. Most notably, the superconducting order parameter evolves from nodal (for x, npj Quantum Materials, 3 (1), ISSN:2397-4648

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are interesting for understanding fundamental physics of two-dimensional materials (2D) as well as for many emerging technologies, including spin electronics. Here, we report the discovery of long-range magnetic order below TM = 40 K and 100 K in bulk semiconducting TMDs 2H-MoTe2 and 2H-MoSe2, respectively, by means of muon spin-rotation (muSR), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The muon spin rotation measurements show the presence of a large and homogeneous internal magnetic fields at low temperatures in both compounds indicative of long-range magnetic order. DFT calculations show that this magnetism is promoted by the presence of defects in the crystal. The STM measurements show that the vast majority of defects in these materials are metal vacancies and chalcogen-metal antisites which are randomly distributed in the lattice at the sub-percent level. DFT indicates that the antisite defects are magnetic with a magnetic moment in the range of 0.9-2.8 mu_B. Further, we find that the magnetic order stabilized in 2H-MoTe2 and 2H-MoSe2 is highly sensitive to hydrostatic pressure. These observations establish 2H-MoTe2 and 2H-MoSe2 as a new class of magnetic semiconductors and opens a path to studying the interplay of 2D physics and magnetism in these interesting semiconductors., Comment: 13 pages, 10 Figures

Zero-field and transverse-field muon spin rotation/relaxation ($\mu$SR) experiments were undertaken in order to elucidate microscopic properties of a strongly-coupled superconductor Mo$_{8}$Ga$_{41}$ with $T_{\text{c}}=9.8$ K. The upper critical field extracted from the transverse-field $\mu$SR data exhibits significant reduction with respect to the data from thermodynamic measurements indicating the coexistence of two independent length scales in the superconducting state. Accordingly, the temperature-dependent magnetic penetration depth of Mo$_{8}$Ga$_{41}$ is described using the model, in which two s-wave superconducting gaps are assumed. The V for Mo substitution in the parent compound leads to the complete suppression of one superconducting gap, and Mo$_{7}$VGa$_{41}$ is well described within the single s-wave gap scenario. The reduction in the superfluid density and the evolution of the low-temperature resistivity upon the V substitution indicate the emergence of a competing state in Mo$_{7}$VGa$_{41}$ that may be responsible for the closure of one of the superconducting gaps.

The magnetic order induced by the pressure was studied in single crystalline FeSe by means of muon-spin rotation ($\mu$SR) technique. By following the evolution of the oscillatory part of the $\mu$SR signal as a function of angle between the initial muon-spin polarization and 101 axis of studied crystal it was found that the pressure induced magnetic order in FeSe corresponds either to the collinear (single-stripe) antiferromagnetic order as observed in parent compounds of various FeAs-based superconductors or to the Bi-Collinear order as obtained in FeTe system, but with the Fe spins turned by 45$^{\rm o}$. The value of the magnetic moment per Fe atom was estimated to be $\simeq 0.13-0.14$~$\mu_{\rm B}$ at $p\simeq 1.9$~GPa., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. The Supplemental Information is available upon request

The role played by the insulating intermediate (Li$_{0.84}$Fe$_{0.16}$)OH layer on magnetic and superconducting properties of (Li$_{0.84}$Fe$_{0.16}$)OHFe$_{0.98}$Se was studied by means of muon-spin rotation. It was found that it is not only enhances the coupling between the FeSe layers for temperatures below $\simeq 10$ K, but becomes superconducting by itself due to the proximity to the FeSe ones. Superconductivity in (Li$_{0.84}$Fe$_{0.16}$)OH layers is most probably filamentary-like and the energy gap value, depending on the order parameter symmetry, does not exceed 1-1.5 meV., 5 pages, 3 figures. The Supplementary Information file is available upon request

The results of the Fe isotope effect (Fe-IE) on the transition temperature $T_c$ obtained up to date in various Fe-based high temperature superconductors are summarized and reanalyzed by following the approach developed in [Phys. Rev. B 82, 212505 (2010)]. It is demonstrated that the very controversial results for Fe-IE on $T_c$ are caused by small structural changes occurring simultaneously with the Fe isotope exchange. The Fe-IE exponent on $T_c$ [$\alpha_{\rm Fe}=-(\Delta T_c/T_c)/(\Delta M/M)$, $M$ is the isotope mass] needs to be decomposed into two components with the one related to the structural changes ($\alpha_{\rm Fe}^{\rm str}$) and the genuine (intrinsic) one ($\alpha_{\rm Fe}^{\rm int}$). The validity of such decomposition is further confirmed by the fact that $\alpha_{\rm Fe}^{\rm int}$ coincides with the Fe-IE exponent on the characteristic phonon frequencies $\alpha_{\rm Fe}^{\rm ph}$ as is reported in recent EXAFS and Raman experiments., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. The paper is partially based on the results published in [New J. Phys. 12, 073024 (2010) = arXiv:1002.2510] and [Phys. Rev. B 82, 212505 (2010) = arXiv:1008.4540]

The temperature-pressure phase diagram of the ferromagnet LaCrGe$_3$ is determined for the first time from a combination of magnetization, muon-spin-rotation and electrical resistivity measurements. The ferromagnetic phase is suppressed near $2.1$~GPa, but quantum criticality is avoided by the appearance of a magnetic phase, likely modulated, AFM$_Q$. Our density functional theory total energy calculations suggest a near degeneracy of antiferromagnetic states with small magnetic wave vectors $Q$ allowing for the potential of an ordering wave vector evolving from $Q=0$ to finite $Q$, as expected from the most recent theories on ferromagnetic quantum criticality. Our findings show that LaCrGe$_3$ is a very simple example to study this scenario of avoided ferromagnetic quantum criticality and will inspire further study on this material and other itinerant ferromagnets.

Identifying the superconducting (SC) gap structure of the iron-based high-temperature superconductors (Fe-HTS's) remains a key issue for the understanding of superconductivity in these materials. In contrast to other unconventional superconductors, in the Fe-HTS's both $d$-wave and extended s-wave pairing symmetries are close in energy, with the latter believed to be generally favored over the former. Probing the proximity between these very different SC states and identifying experimental parameters that can tune them, are of central interest. Here we report high-pressure muon spin rotation experiments on the temperature-dependent magnetic penetration depth (lambda) in the optimally doped Fe-HTS Ba_0.65Rb_0.35Fe_2As_2. At ambient pressure this material is known to be a nodeless s-wave superconductor. Upon pressure a strong decrease of (lambda) is observed, while the SC transition temperature remains nearly constant. More importantly, the low-temperature behavior of (1/lambda^{2}) changes from exponential saturation at zero pressure to a power-law with increasing pressure, providing unambiguous evidence that hydrostatic pressure promotes nodal SC gaps. Comparison to microscopic models favors a d-wave over a nodal s^{+-}-wave pairing as the origin of the nodes. Our results provide a new route of understanding the complex topology of the SC gap in Fe-HTS's., 33 pages and 12 figures (including supplementary information)

We report a study of the basal-plane anisotropy of the superfluid density in underdoped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{4}$O$_{8}$ (Y124), showing the effects of both the CuO$_{2}$ planes and the fully occupied CuO chains. From small-angle neutron scattering measurements of the vortex lattice, we can infer the superconducting (SC) properties for a temperature ($T$) range $T=$ 1.5 K to $T_{\rm c}$ and magnetic induction $B$ from 0.1 to 6 T. We find that the superfluid density along \textbf{a} has a simple $d$-wave T-dependence. However, along \textbf{b} (the chain direction) the superfluid density falls much more rapidly with $T$ and also with increasing field. This strongly suggests the suppression of proximity-effect induced superconductivity in the CuO chains. In addition, our results do not support a common framework for the low field in-plane SC response in Y124 and related YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7}$, and also indicate that any magnetic field-induced charge-density-wave order in Y124 exists only for fields above 6 T., Comment: 8 pages, accepted in Phys. Rev. B

It is widely believed that, in contrast to its electron doped counterparts, the hole doped compound Ba1-xKxFe2As2 exhibits a mesoscopic phase separation of magnetism and superconductivity in the underdoped region of the phase diagram. Here, we report a combined high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction and volume sensitive muon spin rotation study of underdoped Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (0 \leq x \leq 0.25) showing that this paradigm is wrong. Instead we find a microscopic coexistence of the two forms of order. A competition of magnetism and superconductivity is evident from a significant reduction of the magnetic moment and a concomitant decrease of the magneto-elastically coupled orthorhombic lattice distortion below the superconducting phase transition., 4 pages, 4 figures

A pairing gap and coherence are the two hallmarks of superconductivity. In a classical BCS superconductor they are established simultaneously at Tc. In the cuprates, however, an energy gap (pseudogap) extends above Tc. The origin of this gap is one of the central issues in high temperature superconductivity. Recent experimental evidence demonstrates that the pseudogap and the superconducting gap are associated with different energy scales. It is however not clear whether they coexist independently or compete. In order to understand the physics of cuprates and improve their superconducting properties it is vital to determine whether the pseudogap is friend or foe of high temperature supercondctivity. Here we report evidence from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) that the pseudogap and high temperature superconductivity represent two competing orders. We find that there is a direct correlation between a loss in the low energy spectral weight due to the pseudogap and a decrease of the coherent fraction of paired electrons. Therefore, the pseudogap competes with the superconductivity by depleting the spectral weight available for pairing in the region of momentum space where the superconducting gap is largest. This leads to a very unusual state in the underdoped cuprates, where only part of the Fermi surface develops coherence., Comment: Improved version was published in Nature

We report on a comparative study of the crystal structure and the magnetic properties of FeSe1-x (x= 0.00 - 0.15) superconducting samples by neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. The samples were synthesized by two different methods: a 'low-temperature' one using powders as a starting material at T =700 C and a "high-temperature' method using solid pieces of Fe and Se at T= 1070 C. The effect of a starting (nominal) stoichiometry on the phase purity of the obtained samples, the superconducting transition temperature Tc, as well as the chemical instability of FeSe1-x at ambient conditions were investigated. It was found that in the Fe-Se system a stable phase exhibiting superconductivity at Tc~8K exists in a narrow range of selenium concentration (FeSe0.974(2))., 7 pages, 7 figures, 1 table

Measurements of the in-plane magnetic field penetration depth \lambda_{ab} in Fe-based superconductors with the nominal composition SmFeAsO_0.85 (T_c\simeq52K) and NdFeAsO_0.85 (T_c\simeq51K) were carried out by means of muon-spin-rotation. The absolute values of \lambda_{ab} at T=0 were found to be 189(5)nm and 195(5)nm for Sm and Nd substituted samples, respectively. The analysis of the magnetic penetration depth data within the Uemura classification scheme, which considers the correlation between the superconducting transition temperature T_c and the effective Fermi temperature T_F, reveal that both families of Fe-based superconductors (with and without fluorine) falls to the same class of unconventional superconductors., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We investigated the superconducting state of the noncentrosymmetric superconductors Li$_2$Pd$_x$Pt$_{3-x}$B with superconducting transition temperature $T_c$= 5.16(8) K ($x$=2.25), 3.56(8) K ($x=1.5$) and 2.60 K ($x=0$) by means of muon-spin rotation ($\mu$SR) and specific heat experiments. The $\mu$SR relaxation rate $\sigma_{sc}$ was found to be constant at low temperatures for all the compounds. Data taken at different magnetic fields show that the magnetic penetration depth $\lambda$ is field-independent for Li$_2$Pd$_{2.25}$Pt$_{0.75}$B and Li$_2$Pt$_{3}$B. The electronic contribution to the specific heat measured in Li$_2$Pd$_{1.5}$Pt$_{1.5}$B and Li$_2$Pt$_{3}$B increases exponentially at the lowest temperatures. These features suggest that the {\it whole family} of Li$_2$Pd$_x$Pt$_{3-x}$B are single-gap s-wave superconductors across the entire doping regime., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

We report a study of the basal-plane anisotropy of the superfluid density in underdoped YBa2Cu4O8 (Y124), showing the effects of both the CuO2 planes and the fully occupied CuO chains. From small-angle neutron scattering measurements of the vortex lattice, we can infer the superconducting (SC) properties for a temperature (T) range T = 1.5 K to T-c and magnetic induction B from 0.1 to 6 T. We find that the superfluid density along a has a simple d-wave T dependence. However, along b (the chain direction) the superfluid density falls much more rapidly with T and also with increasing field. This strongly suggests the suppression of proximity-effect-induced superconductivity in the CuO chains. In addition, our results do not support a common framework for the low-field in-plane SC response in Y124 and related YBa2Cu3O7, and also indicate that any magnetic field induced charge-density-wave order in Y124 exists only for fields above 6 T.