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BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a prevailing and severe infectious disease that can lead to increased fatality. AIM: We conducted this study to assess the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in comparison to CXR and CT Chest. METHODS: An observational study on 120 patients with suspected CAP was done in the ICU of the Critical care department at Cairo University Hospital. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded on admission including different scoring systems (SOFA, APACHE II, confusion, uremia, respiratory rate and blood pressure 65, and pulmonary severity index). All patients, within 6 h of admission, were investigated by a LUS, CXR, and CT Chest. All imaging techniques were repeated after 48 h if the initial CT chest was negative. RESULTS: The study population had a mean age of 70.6 ± 6.9-years-old, most of them were male (75.8%). Using CT chest as a reference imaging tool to confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia, LUS showed 94.1% sensitivity, 97.1% specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) 98.8%, negative predictive value (NPV) 87.2%, accuracy 95.0%, and area under a curve (AUC) 0.92. LUS was found to be a highly significant imaging tool in predicting diagnosis of pneumonia (p < 0.001). Chest X-ray had 69.4% sensitivity, 94.3% specificity, PPV 96.7%, NPV 55.9%, 76.6% accuracy, and AUC 0.6 in the detection of pneumonia. CXR was found to be an insignificant Imaging tool in predicting diagnosis of pneumonia (P = 0.19). CONCLUSION: LUS is a very promising, sensitive, and feasible imaging tool in the diagnosis of CAP in comparison with CT chest.

اتبعت الدولة الأموية في سياسة التعيين والعزل للولاة في بلاد المغرب العربي الاسلامي سياسة تتلائم مع واقع حال المجتمع المغربي؛ لما يتميز من خصال، يبدو أنه يختلف، عما كان عليه المجتمع في المشرق. لذا كان لنظام الوراثة في التعيين، كان أكثر سياسة استخدمتها الدولة الأموية في التعيينات. أما الأحكام الشرعية كانت ثابتة في اختيار الوالي لادارة دويلة من دويلات المغرب العربي الاسلامي. فقد كانت مصلحة الدولة العربية الاسلامية أن تضع سياسة التعيين بالوراثة ومن البيت الأموي أولاً، ومن ثمّ بني قريش ومن كان الأقدم من حماية النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم) والقادة والمحاربين في الفتوحات الاسلامية. وعلى هذا النهج الذي اتبعته الدولة الأموية استطاعت فتح بلاد المغرب الاسلامي من بحر قلزم الى سواحل المحيط الأطلسي. ومما لا شك فيه لا بد أن يكون هناك أخطاء في سياسة تعيين أولئك الولاة، التي انعكست سلباً على إدارة ولاياتهم، وتلك السياسة على إدارة الدولة العربية الاسلامية، مما جعل أن تحدث فوضى أو اضطراب لبعض المدن المغربية على أثر تلك الأخطاء ألا ان هذا لا يعد اخفاق على عمل الدولة العربية الاسلامية في اتباع تلك السياسة

Solid polymer electrolytes containing methylcellulose:dextran (MC-DEX), ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH4PF6), and glycerol have been prepared via the solution cast method. Various techniques have been used to characterize the prepared electrolyte samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the interaction between polymers and electrolyte components. According to the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the highest conducting plasticized system achieves a conductivity of 6.71 × 10-4 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. The mobility, number density, and diffusion coefficient of ions were measured using both FTIR and EIS methods, and it was found that their values rise as the amount of glycerol increases. Polarization due to ion migration is responsible for the high value of dielectric parameters. According to transference number measurement (TNM), the transport ion (tion) is 0.92, verifying that the ions are the primary charge carriers. The electrochemical stability window of the maximum conducting plasticized system is 1.58 V, based on linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis. The electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) device is fabricated using the highest conducting plasticized system. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve is roughly rectangular in shape and with no presence of Faradaic peaks with its specific capacitance of 32.69F/g at 10 mV/s.

Objectives To improve the definitions of inflammatory arthritis within the musculoskeletal (MSK) domain of the BILAG-2004 index by incorporating imaging findings and clinical features predictive of response to treatment. Methods The BILAG MSK Subcommittee proposed revisions to the BILAG-2004 index definitions of inflammatory arthritis, based on review of evidence in two recent studies. Data from these studies were pooled and analysed to determine the impact of the proposed changes on the severity grading of inflammatory arthritis Results The revised definition for severe inflammatory arthritis includes definition of “basic activities of daily living”. For moderate inflammatory arthritis, it now includes synovitis, defined by either observed joint swelling or MSK ultrasound evidence of inflammation in joints and surrounding structures. For mild inflammatory arthritis, the definition now includes reference to symmetrical distribution of affected joints and guidance on how ultrasound may help re-classify patients as moderate or no inflammatory arthritis. Data from two recent SLE trials were analysed (219 patients). 119 (54.3%) were graded as having mild inflammatory arthritis (BILAG-2004 C). Of these, 53 (44.5%) had evidence of joint inflammation (synovitis or tenosynovitis) on ultrasound. Applying the new definition increased the number of patients classified as moderate inflammatory arthritis from 72 (32.9%) to 125 (57.1%), while patients with normal ultrasound (n = 66/119) could be recategorised as BILAG-2004 D (inactive disease). Conclusions Proposed changes to the definitions of inflammatory arthritis in the BILAG 2004 index will result in more accurate classification of patients who are more or less likely to respond to treatment.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) doped with 3 wt% erbium nitrate film was prepared by casting from solution. The effect of plasma treatment on optical properties of composite film was investigated. The optical absorbance was measured in the wavelength region of 200–800 nm. . Electronic transition was proved to be direct allowed for pristine and plasma treated film. Tauc’s plots were used to determine the optical band gap (Eopt) of the samples under study. The energy gap was 5.30 eV for untreated composite film and the treated samples at 10, 20 and 30 min have lower values of optical band gap, 5.22, 5.20 and 4.90 eV respectively. It was also found that the Urbach energy values (Ee) were decreased under different plasma treatment times. It begins with 1.46 eV for untreated sample till it reaches 0.72 eV for 30-minute treated sample. Wemple–DiDomenico model parameters such as, oscillator energy, dispersion energy and zero-frequency refractive index values were calculated and their variations with plasma were studied. The color parameters for composite film are noticeably affected under plasma treatment.

The current study is the first to document a vast swarm of the pelagic tunicate Thalia democratica inshore of the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. On the May 05, 2021, a swarm of the Salpida T. democratica was discovered inshore of the coast of Stanley. The swarm coincided with a red tide bloom in the research area. The documented species is given a brief redescription with illustrative photographs, taxonomic annotations, habitat notes, and distribution.

The study is based on tracing the Qur'anic texts in which many readings lead to a different style of creation or vice versa, considering what these readings can elicit from the noble context's intended connotations. The study was divided into three sections: the first topic included the differences between matter and others, assuming that matter is from creation, the past, and the loss of the news. The second topic included the differences between telling and questioning; it is known that the difference between them is on the axes of language and art. The third topic included the differences between denial and prohibition. It is well known that there is a great discrepancy between the two. This difference has contextual implications. The study was based on two important matters: not accepting anomalous readings and not taking into account the connotations that contradict the postulates of religion, even if they are tolerated by the noble context in terms of language. Keywords: multiplicity, readings, semantics, news

Crackers made from corn flour fortified with FDB-peel or FDB-pulp or FDB-peel and FDB-pulp. Results showed the moisture and total carbohydrate, were highest in FDB-Pulp while the FDB-Peel presented the highest ash, protein and dietary fiber. Higher content vitamin C in FDB-peel which is rich in potassium, phosphorus and calcium. Ferulic acid and Sinapic dominated phenolic profile of the FDB pulp and peel. Crackers sample (F5) showed a significant increase in dietary fiber and low calories. The sensory evaluation of (F3) had high score of overall acceptability; while (F2) got the lowest score on color and appearance. Present of Choline and vitamin C were increased as a result of adding the FDB peel and pulp powder to crackers. The total phenolic and antioxidants were increased with addition of FDB peel and pulp powder in crackers sample. The control samples were the most clearly oxidized, which was evidenced by the lowest IP values obtained. The lipid IP values of (F2) samples were found to be significantly higher. The peroxide and acid value in crackers samples were low compere with control. The FDB-pulp and FDB-peel products contain great deal of nutritional properties, and hence have potential utility for use as functional ingredient in food product development.

The heights determined by Global Positioning System (GPS) refer to the ellipsoid called the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) that are available on GNSS commercial software are generally used to transform ellipsoidal heights to orthometric heights. In this study, the geoid heights of GPS/Levelling were computed to evaluate the accuracy of the geoid heights obtained from two GGMs, namely, the Earth Gravitational Model 96 (EGM96) and the Earth Gravitational Model 08 (EGM08). Seventeen (17) GPS/Levelling stations of the High Accuracy Reference Network (HARN) over Egypt were used for this purpose. The standard deviations for the differences between the geoid heights obtained through GPS/Levelling and those obtained from EGM96 and EGM08 were determined as ± 1.212 m and ± 0.543 m, respectively. This research confirms that the geoid heights obtained from EGM08 are closer to the geoid heights determined using GPS/Levelling over Egypt.

Escalation of the global population has accelerated the demand for sustainable energy sources such as bioethanol. Traditionally, bioethanol has been produced using fossil fuels, which are non-renewable, non-sustainable, and not eco-friendly. Thus, there is a need to develop new technologies and low-cost raw materials in order to ensure that bioethanol is economically comparable to traditional fossil fuels. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been in the limelight within the scientific community because of its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and promising technology to produce various products such as postbiotics and bioethanol. SSF involves the cultivation of microorganisms on solid substrate with the absence of free-flowing water, which eliminates the need for sugar extraction and reduces wastewater production. This systematic review provides an overview of the applications of SSF in bioethanol production while presenting recent studies and advancements of this technology for producing sustainable and cost-effective bioethanol.

Novel D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) modified lipid nanocapsules (LNC) were prepared with the aim of improving the effectiveness of simvastatin (SIM) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study, therefore, sought to investigate the effect of size-optimized SIM-loaded LNC on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC, providing insights on the implication of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/protein kinase B (AKT) axis. Two optimized SIM-loaded LNCs with particle sizes 25 nm (SIM-LNC25) and 50 nm (SIM-LNC50) were prepared and biodistribution studies were performed. The anticancer effect of the prepared LNC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-migratory potential and EMT suppression through PTEN/AKT axis modulation were also explored. SIM-LNC50 was superior to SIM-LNC25 in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, as evidenced by cytotoxicity assays, tumor histopathology, and enhanced apoptosis. SIM-LNC50 also alleviated the migratory potential of HCC cells. Moreover, EMT markers implied a transition of tumor cells toward the epithelial rather than the mesenchymal phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. PTEN/AKT axis modulation was also evident with SIM-LNC50. The present study, therefore, suggests the efficacy of the 50 nm particles in SIM-loaded LNC in HCC by targeting EMT via modulating the PTEN/AKT signaling axis.

هدفت الدراسة الى إعداد برنامج تعليمي على وفق استراتيجية النمذجة والكشف عن تأثيرها في اكتساب فن أداء بعض مهارات المصارعة لطلاب المرحلة الثالثة. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف قام الباحثون بإعداد وتصميم برنامج تعليمي باستخدام استراتيجية النمذجة. واعتمد الباحثون على المنهج التجريبي. حددت العينة بــ (36) طالبا من طلاب المرحلة الثالثة في كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة/جامعة الموصل للعام الدراسي (2018-2019)، قسموا الى مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة متكافئتين بـ (العمر، والطول، والوزن، ومكونات اللياقة البدنية) تكونت كل مجموعة من (18) طالباً، درست المجموعة التجريبية وفقا لاستراتيجية النمذجة. أّمّا المجموعة الضابطة فجرى تدريسها بالطريقة المعتادة، وبعد ذلك تم تطبيق تجربة البحث لمدّة اربعة اسابيع وبواقع وحدة واحدة اسبوعيا لكل مجموعة بعدها تم اجراء الاختبارات البعدية. تم استخدام نظام (SPSS) الاحصائي لمعالجة البيانات وتحليلها. وكانت النتيجة تفوق المجموعة التجريبية التي درست وفق استراتيجية النمذجة على المجموعة الضابطة في التحصيل المهاري لمهارات (مسكات) المعنية بالدراسة. واوصى الباحثون بالتأكيد على استخدام استراتيجية النمذجة في تدريس مادة المصارعة على طلاب المرحلة الثالثة.

It is common knowledge that organizations today face the challenges of growing competition. Therefore, organizations need to develop smarter to plan for several diverse and real-time challenges. The aim of this paper is to test the impact of knowledge management (KM) processes, organizational capabilities (OC), and mediating KM mechanisms and KM technologies toward a smart organization (SO). In this paper, structural equation modeling was applied by using Smart PLS 3.3.3 software to test hypotheses and the accuracy of the suggested model. The results showed a direct impact between all constructs and are a reflection of the SO of the employees (N=225) working in three Jordanian telecommunications companies. Additionally, the outcomes provision the partial mediating role of KM mechanisms and KM technology with OC in the SO. These outcomes can support leaders in generating a consciousness in addition to favorable OC, KM mechanisms, and KM technologies inside the organization, which enables the actual implementation of SO and uses the outcomes to plan their SO strategies.

The microfluidics becomes an emerging field of interest due to the advent of micro electro mechanical system. In this work simulations were performed to investigate the heat transfer phenomena in microchannel using the 2-D D2Q9 model of thermal lattice Boltzmann method. It is applicable in the whole range of slip velocity. The slip boundary condition which is combination of bounce and specular reflection was applied along with constant temperature boundary condition. For Knudson number greater than 0.001 (slip flow) fluid show slip at walls of the channel. The Reynolds number was kept at 10, Knudson Number 0.002, and aspect ratio (length/height) of 2. The fluid shows a slip of 8% of free stream velocity which is in the reported range. The resulting local Nusselt number was calculated which is responsible to quantify convective heat transfer. The simulation results were ahown to coraborate well with the analytical solution and empirical relations. Hence thermal lattice Boltzmann method satisfactorily predicted heat transfer and momentum transfer phenomena in microchannel.

The lattice Boltzmann method has become a promising numerical technique and is now being considered as an alternative to the conventional CFD methods owing a possibility to simulate more complex geometries at relatively low computational costs. The simulations of complex and very fine resolution computational domains in CFD is challenging due to the lack of memory resources and long processing times, therefore parallel computing is being considered as a promising way to cope with this ever increasing mission of computational power. In this work parallelization of 2-D lattice Boltzmann model based CFD code using message passing interface was performed to increase speedup factor for parallel computing. Lattice Boltzmann approach based CFD code of a benchmark Lid driven cavity flow problem was parallelized using different message passing interface subroutines and made to run on a cluster system of processors. The time and speed up factor for execution of the benchmark problem was investigated. The results showed that these message passing communications have little influence on the performance of the parallel lattice Boltzmann method.

In this paper a free convection unsteady Brinkmann hybrid nanofluids including two or more nanoadditives to the host liquid is investigated. The physical flow phenomena are illustrated using PDE and thermophysical nanoparticle properties, and this paper addresses the Brinkmann fractional fluid along with chemical reaction and heat generation with ramped conditions over an inclined vertical plate. The heat and molecular fluxes are generalized using the novel fractional derivative. The present flow model are solved semi-analytically using the Laplace transform. The effects of different parameters specially fractional parameter are deliberated and plotted graphically. The acquired results reveal that fractional parameters have dual behavior in velocity profiles and temperature profile. Velocity and temperature are also compared to previous studies. Compared to the other fractional derivatives results, field variables and proposed hybrid fractional derivatives showed a more decaying trend.

In this study, biosynthesized nanoparticles using chitosan, Ulva fasciata, and Avicennia marina leaves extracts (A, B, and C, respectively), were evaluated as paint additives to control marine fouling on different substrates. These biocidal nanoparticle compounds were prepared using a green biosynthesis method. Their characterizations were conducted using Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. Each nanoparticle compound was mixed with a prepared paint, resulting in three formulations for each (e.g. 1C, 2C, 3C), containing 20%, 40%, and 60% by weight. Painted PVC, wood, and steel with these nine paints, and the control were immersed in seawater for different periods. After two months of immersion, the least number of fouling species, (one species) was recorded on both the wood and steel panels that were coated with paint (1C). Meanwhile, after four months, the least numbers of fouling (four and six species) were recorded on wood and steel panels that were coated with paint (3C). After around seven months of immersion, the least numbers of fouling species (five and ten) were recorded on wood and steel panels that were coated with paints (1C and 3C), respectively. The steel panel coated with (3C), harbored ∼2% of the total number of barnacles found on the control, after 7 months of immersion. The superior antifouling agent efficiency of extract (C) nanoparticles can be attributed to its constituents of polyphenols, ammonium compounds, and high concentrations of alcohols, besides the presence of both aromatic and aliphatic amide and amide derivatives.

Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cuf.and other Moringa species have traditionally been used to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the methanolic extract of M. stenopetala leaf and its fractions on selected tumor cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The comet assay was used toassess DNA damage, and gel electrophoresis was used to determine DNA fragmentation. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR using two specific genes for each cancer cell line. Fractionation of the methanolic extract (E−1) on Diaion HP-20 yielded five fractions (Fr-2 to Fr-6); only Fr-4 and Fr-6 were cytotoxic to breast cancer cells (MCF-7; IC50 = 58.3 ± 0.93 and 35.8 ± 2.44 μg/mL, respectively), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2; IC50 = 57.8 ± 1.57 and 39.3 ± 1.90 μg/mL, respectively), and Fr-4 was cytotoxic to human colon cancer cells (HCT-116; IC50 = 94.2 ± 4.9 μg/mL). In addition, exposure of the cancer cells to Fr-4 and Fr-6 resulted in a high level of DNA damage. Moreover, relative expression of MTAP and CDKN2A in MCF-7 were increased, whereas expression of p21 and p53 in HCT-116, and APC and TERT in HepG2 were decreased, similar to that of doxorubicin. LC-qTOF-MS was used to identify metabolites in E−1, the majority of which were enriched in Fr-4. Two terpenes (loliolide and dihydroactinidiolide), the majority of the flavonoids, and niazirin were about two fold enriched in Fr-4, whereas the majority of the lipids were 4–10 fold enriched. However, Fr-6 hardly showed compounds other than the two terpenes that were enriched 1.5 and 7 fold. The findings suggest that Fr-4 and Fr-6 are promising sources of compounds possessing cytotoxic and genotoxic properties.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to detect prognostic factors of acute bacterial meningitis on admission. Methods: Analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 60 adult acute bacterial meningitis patients admitted at Alexandria fever hospital between July 2014 to February 2015 including: age, sex, vital signs, conscious level, CSF findings, routine lab tests, metabolic acidosis, and causative organism was done initially on admission and then correlated with the patients' outcome on discharge which was either complete recovery (68.3%), recovery with sequelae (13.3%), or death (18.3%). Results: Factors associated with poor outcome were: Old age (P= 0.019), hypotension (p=0.003), low GCS (P=0.001), uremia (p=0.041), metabolic acidosis (P= 0.016), history of chronic hypertension (P= 0.018), Delayed referral &long duration of symptoms (P= 0.024). Conclusion: Acute bacterial meningitis patients having any of those poor prognostic criteria should be considered high risk patients and should have the priority for ICU admission and intensive monitoring. Key words: Acute bacterial meningitis, prognostic factors. REFERENCES Aronin SI, Peduzzi P, Quagliarello VJ. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis: risk stratification for adverse clinical outcome and effect of antibiotic timing. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(11):862-9. Auburtin M, Porcher R, Bruneel F, Scanvic A, Trouillet JL, Bedos JP, et al. Pneumococcal meningitis in the intensive care unit: prognostic factors of clinical outcome in a series of 80 cases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165(5):713-7. Bohr V, Rasmussen N, Hansen B, Gade A, Kjersem H, Johnsen N, et al. Pneumococcal meningitis: an evaluation of prognostic factors in 164 cases based on mortality and on a study of lasting sequelae. J Infect 1985; 10(2):143-57. Flores-Cordero JM, Amaya-Villar R, Rincon-Ferrari MD, Leal-Noval SR, Garnacho-Montero J, Llanos-Rodriguez AC, et al. Acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults admitted to the intensive care unit: clinical manifestations, management and prognostic factors. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29(11):1967-73. Hoen B, Viel JF, Gerard A, Dureux JB, Canton P. Mortality in pneumococcal meningitis: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Eur J Med 1993;2(1):28-32. Ispahani P. Bacterial meningitis in Nottingham. J Hygiene 1983;91(02):189-201. Kastenbauer S, Pfister HW. Pneumococcal meningitis in adults: spectrum of complications and prognostic factors in a series of 87 cases. Brain 2003;126(Pt 5):1015-25. Kowalik MM, Smiatacz T, Hlebowicz M, Pajuro R, Trocha H. Coagulation, coma, and outcome in bacterial meningitis--an observational study of 38 adult cases. J Infect 2007;55(2):141-8. Lu CH, Huang CR, Chang WN, Chang CJ, Cheng BC, Lee PY, et al. Community acquired bacterial meningitis in adults:the epidemiology, timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy,and prognostic factors. ClinNeurolNeurosurg 2002;104(4):352-8. Singh UK, Sinha RK, Suman S, Singh VK.C-reactive protein as an indicator of complications in bacterial meningitis. Indian Pediatr 1996;33(5):373-6. Van de Beek D, de Gans J, Spanjaard L, Weisfelt M, Reitsma JB, Vermeulen M. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 2004;351(18):1849-59. Van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. N Engl J Med 2006;354(1):44-53. Vibha D, Bhatia R, Prasad K, Srivastava MV, Tripathi M, Singh MB. Clinical features and independent prognostic factors for acute bacterial meningitis in adults. Neurocrit Care 2010;13(2):199-204. Weisfelt M, van de Beek D, Spanjaard L, Reitsma JB, de Gans J. A risk score for unfavorable outcome in adults with bacterial meningitis. Ann Neurol 2008;63(1):90-7. Zaky S, Baki AA, Farouk S, Sabry S, Deraz AS, Sanad M, et al. Presentation, prognostic factors and outcome of acute septic meningitis in an Egyptian fever hospital. Ind J Sci Res Tech 2014;2(5):112-8.

The Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used to represent the topographic surface of the earth as it is used in many applications. Nowadays, many free DEMs are available online. This study aims to assess the accuracy of six free DEMs. This research uses the GPS observations to determine the elevation stations in the study area by using the Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) technique and compares these elevations against the elevations computed at the same stations by using six free online Digital Elevation Models (DEMs): SRTM 1 Arc-Second, ASTER 1 Arc-Second, NASADEM 1 Arc-Second, SRTM 3 Arc-Second, GTOPO30, and ALOS PALSAR 12.5 m to find the best results from the free DEMs. The elevations of all stations of different data sources were calculated using the geoid model EGM96. The results indicate that the DEMs that give the best results in this study are obtained from NASADEM 1 Arc-Second, where (RMSE is 2.99 m, and the SD is 2.97 m), and SRTM 3 Arc-Second, where the (RMSE is 3.70 m, and the SD is 3.53 m).

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of Euphorbia schimperiana total extract, fractions, and isolated secondary metabolites were investigated. The cytotoxicity assays were assessed against four human cancer cell lines HCT116, MCF7, HePG2, and PC3 as well as against normal cell line RPE1. The plant total extract, fractions, and pure compounds were more effective against PC3 and HepG2 cell lines than HCT116 and MCF7. Significant results were observed for ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions against PC3 with IC50 of 4.7 μg/ml for ethyl acetate, however, n-hexane exhibited 100% cytotoxicity up to 6.25 μg/ml. The antibacterial potential activity was achieved on four pathogenic Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions had more valuable results (p

Banks argue that the services quality (SQ) and customer engagement (CE) need to embrace mobile applications(m-apps) like any other significant business asset in the bank. In order to succeed, banks need to improve customers' actual usage (AU) of m-apps. This study proposes a model to identify SQ factors that contribute to the CE for improving AU for m-apps. It examined the direct and indirect impacts of SQ and CE on improving AU for m-apps. Simple random sampling was used with customers who had used m-apps as questionnaire respondents (total N=369). All hypotheses were tested using (PLS-SEM). Data collection from a questionnaire of 369 customers from 13 Jordanian commercial banks was used to examine the research model. The results of the study indicate that CE has a significant and direct impact and partially mediates between factors of SQ, namely content, responsiveness, ease of use, and perceived usefulness on improving AU for m-apps. Moreover, this study suggested that, if banks intend to promote their SQ and CE, they must continuously improve their AU for m-apps.

The accuracyobtained byprocessing the GPS observationsis important in several applications. This research, using the three different techniques for processing GNSS/CORS stations to illustrate the variation in coordinates of some GNSS/CORS stations on each month at two different yearsusing the GPS observations. In this research, we obtained the GPS observations of five stations for one day in every month over 24 months.We tried to have the same day of each month, but there were some problems in the observation of these stations, which led to the replacement of the day in some months. The differences of coordinates between every two successive months in 2018 and 2019at all IGS stations when using the SECTOR tool at SOPAC technique arewithin 5 mm. But when usingTBC and CSRS-PPP techniques we detected that the differences in coordinates between every two successive months for IGS stations in 2018 are not the sameasin 2019.By fixing the coordinatesobtained by the SOPAC technique and compared to other techniques, in TBCthe common months between two years,which gives a high differencefor all IGS stations coordinates are July, August, October, November, Marchand December.But when using CSRS-PPP, the difference in IGS coordinates in 2018 differs from 2019 for all months. تعتبر الدقة التي يتم الحصول عليها من خلال معالجة ارصاد الـ GPS مهمةللعديد من التطبيقات. في هذا البحث تم استخدام ثلاث تقنيات مختلفة لمعالجة ارصاد محطات GNSS/CORS لتوضيح الاختلاف في احداثيات بعض محطات GNSS/CORS کل شهر في سنتين مختلفتين. في هذا البحث تم جمع ارصاد الـ GPS لعدد خمس محطات ليوم واحد في کل شهر علي مدار 24 شهر حاولنا ان يکون لدينا نفس اليوم من کل شهر لمدة 24 شهر ولکن کانت هناک بعض المشاکل في ارصاد هذه المحطات مما ادي الي استبدال اليوم في بعض الأشهر. الفرق في الإحداثيات فيمحطات IGSبين کل شهرين متتاليين في 2018 و 2019 عند استخدام أداة SECTOR في تقنية SOPAC کان في حدود 5 مم. ولکن عند استخدام التقنيات المتبقية TBC و CSRS-PPPکان الاختلاف في الإحداثيات بين کل شهرين متتاليين لمحطات IGS في 2018 ليس نفس الاختلافات في إحداثيات محطات الـ IGS في عام 2019. بتثبيت الإحداثيات التي تم الحصول عليها بواسطة تقنية SOPAC ومقارنتها مع التقنيات الأخرى حيث في الـ TBC کانت الأشهر المشترکة بين العامين والتي تعطي اختلاف کبير لجميع إحداثيات محطات IGSهي يوليو وأغسطس وأکتوبر ونوفمبر ومارس وديسمبر.ولکن عند استخدام CSRS-PPPفأن الاختلاف في إحداثيات محطات الـIGS في 2018 يختلف عن 2019 لجميع الأشهر.

Penta-glasses with a 59B2O3–29SiO2–2LiF–( $$10-x$$ ) ZnO– $$x$$ TiO2 composition with the melt-quench techniques were prepared. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the nature of fabricated glasses. The changes in the structure of fabricated glasses were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra. The molar volume of fabricated glasses reduces as the density increases. The mechanical characteristics of these glasses were evaluated. Besides, for the studied glasses, Phy-X/PSD and XCOM program were used to investigate the radiation shielding efficiency. These glasses were found to have an abnormal attenuation, structural, and density relationship. Glasses' mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were designed to simulate gamma photon energies ranging from 0.015 to 15 meV. MAC values determined with Phy-X/PSD and XCOM were compared and were observed in good agreement with the other.

Glasses with the chemical composition of 52B2O3 – 12SiO2–26Bi2O3 – (10 − x)TiO2 - xY2O3, :(0 ≤ x ≤ 10) prepared using the melt-quench method. The goal of this study is to investigate the structural, mechanical, and radiation shielding characteristics of these samples. XRD analysis has explored the nature of the glass system. Molar volume obtained reduced while the density denotes increased in the present system. As the molar volume decrease inter-ionic distance, polaron radius, inter-nuclear distance, and Y-Y separation of the investigated glasses decreased. The mechanical characteristics depend on the glass structure of the current glasses sample. Ultrasonic velocities and elastic moduli (experimental and theoretical) for these glasses obtained they were observed to get enhanced. The radiation shielding efficiency was investigated by Phy-X/PSD software. The mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, half-value layer, tenth value layer, and effective atomic number of glasses have been designed to simulate gamma photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV.

An increase in oil and gas production is associated with the increase in energy demand around the world. This increase in producing fuels is correlated with an increase in flaring process, which is a wasted energy unless utilized properly. Several utilization techniques were applied in open literature to make use of the flare gas including producing natural gas liquids (NGL), liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas Hydrates (NGH), and other products. Furthermore, flare gas was utilized in power generation in several applications, but it was only applied on conventional power cycles that have limited efficiency with impractical layouts. To utilize the flare gas efficiently, in this thesis two new cycles are proposed that integrate flare gas and supercritical CO2 power cycle. In the first proposed cycle, referred to as flare-to-power 1 (FTP 1), flare gas is mixed with natural gas and burned in flare heat recovery unit (FHRU) to heat the working fluid (the supercritical CO2) before entering the gas turbine. While in the second cycle (FTP 2), flare is mixed with natural gas and burned to perform a reheating process for primary heated working fluid in a heating unit (HU) using natural gas only after the process of partial expansion in a high-pressure turbine. Energy, exergy, and thermoeconomic analysis were performed comparing both configurations along with sensitivity analysis to study the effect of main parameters on the system. Moreover, a comparison between proposed cycles using indirect-combustion (IDC) with similar cycles analyzed previously using direct-oxy-combustion (DOC) flare power cycle 1 (FPC1) and flare power cycle 2 (FPC 2) is conducted. Six different flare compositions were investigated in the analysis, and it was found that the highest thermal efficiency is obtained with FPC 1 configuration using flare sample 1 with a value of 59.16% and an exergy efficiency of 77.69% at 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥=650 ℃, 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛=32℃, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥=25 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛=4 𝑀𝑃𝑎. However, the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is obtained using FTP 1 with flare sample 4 with 3.91 ¢/kWh at 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥=30 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥=650 ℃, 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛=32℃, and 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛=4 𝑀𝑃𝑎. These proposed cycles integrating flare gas and supercritical CO2 power cycle are superior to existing conventional cycles in terms of efficiencies, reduction of CO2 emissions, and their compact size. This study also suggests several directions of research for further investigation including analyzing the effect of variable flare gas flowrate on energy and exergy performance, and the design of cycle components in terms of size and materials. However, an experimental set-up needs to be built for results verification and validation of different aspects of the supercritical CO2 power technology.