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A study to assess the level of Aggression and the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Aggression Management in terms of Knowledge among adolescents at selected school of Delhi. The research approach adopted was Experimental and the design adopted was Pre experimental One group Pre ? Test and Post ? Test design. The independent variable of the study was Level of Aggression and Planned Teaching Program on Aggression Management among Adolescents and dependant variable was Knowledge of the Adolescents on Aggression Management. 40 Adolescents with the age group of 13-19 years studying in 9th standard in Shashi Public Secondary School, Delhi were selected using Purposive Sampling technique. The major findings of the study were: Majority of adolescents i.e. 65%had mild aggression, 17.5% had moderate aggression, 12.5 % had no aggression and 5% had severe aggression, The mean post ? test Knowledge score of the adolescents were significantly higher than the mean pre ? test knowledge score, Planned Teaching Program was found to be effective strategy in enhancing the knowledge scores of adolescents. There was no significant association between the mean Aggression Scores and Mean Post ? Test Knowledge Scores with the selected demographic variables i.e. Age, Gender, Order of Birth, Types of Family, Education of Father, Education of Mother Family income per month in rupees, No. of Siblings, Occupation of Father, and Occupation of mother.

Rate coefficient for state-to-state rotational transitions in H+ collision with CS has been obtained using accurate quantum dynamical close-coupling calculations to interpret microwave astronomical observations. Accurate three dimensional ab initio potential energy surfaces have been computed for the ground state and low-lying excited states of H+ - CS system using internally contracted MRCI method and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets. Rotational excitation and deexcitation integral cross sections are computed at low and ultra low collision energies, respectively. Resonances have been observed at very low energies typically below 50 cm-1. Among all the transitions, Deltaj=+1 and Deltaj=-1 are found to be predominant for excitation and deexcitation, respectively. Deexcitation cross section in the ultracold region is found to obey Wigner's threshold law. The magnitude of state-to-state excitation rate obtained is maximum for j'=1 in the temperature range 2-240 K while minimum for deexcitation in ultracold region. The rotational excitation cross-section obtained using vibrationally averaged potential show rotational rainbow maximum for j'=2 state. From simple unimolecular kinetics, the mean lifetime of rotationally excited CS trap is estimated to be 550 ns due to the H+ collision at microkelvin temperature enabling precise spectroscopic measurement and studying molecular properties near quantum degeneracy.

Diverse contaminants released into the environment through progress of urbanization and industrialization adversely affect human health. Among various sources of contaminants, especially, in big cities, automobiles play a significant role in aggravating the pollution. Various pollutants viz., heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Hg, Cd) and Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (Benzo-a-pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo-b-anthracene, benzo-b-fluoranthene, acenaphthylene, fluorine, phenantherene, anthracene, chrysene, benzo-k-fluoranthene, benzo-e-pyrene, indenol-1,2,3-cd-pyrene, dibenzo-a,h-anthracene, benzo-ghi-perylene) are released by vehicles. Further, these pollutants are expected to cause severe mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Considering this, many authors monitored the levels of pollution in roadside soil, water and plants. The present review focuses upon the analysis and effects of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the roadside samples.

BackgroundMechanisms of glioma invasion remain to be fully elucidated. Glioma cells within glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) range from well-differentiated tumor cells to less-differentiated brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs). The β2-subunit of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, called the adhesion molecule on glia (AMOG), is highly expressed in normal glia but is thought to be universally downregulated in GBM. To test our hypothesis that expression of AMOG is heterogeneous in GBM and confers a less invasive phenotype, we compared it between BTICs and differentiated cells from patient-matched GBM and then tested GBM invasion in vitro after AMOG overexpression.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and real-time PCR were used to characterize AMOG protein and mRNA expression in tumor samples, BTICs, and differentiated cells. Matrigel invasion assay, scratch assay, and direct cell counting were used for testing in vitro invasion, migration, and proliferation, respectively.ResultsWhile AMOG expression is heterogeneous in astrocytomas of grades II-IV, it is lost in most GBM. BTICs express higher levels of AMOG mRNA and protein compared with patient-matched differentiated tumor cells. Overexpression of AMOG decreased GBM cell and BTIC invasion without affecting migration or proliferation. Knockdown of AMOG expression in normal human astrocytes increased invasion.ConclusionsAMOG expression inhibits GBM invasion. Its downregulation increases invasion in glial cells and may also represent an important step in BTIC differentiation. These data provide compelling evidence implicating the role of AMOG in glioma invasion and provide impetus for further investigation.

We coordinated biogeographical comparisons of the impacts of an exotic invasive tree in its native and non-native ranges with a congeneric comparison in the non-native range. Prosopis juliflora is taxonomically complicated and with P. pallida forms the P. juliflora complex. Thus we sampled P. juliflora in its native Venezuela, and also located two field sites in Peru,the native range of Prosopis pallida. Canopies of Prosopis juliflora, a native of the New World but an invader in many other regions, had facilitative effects on the diversity of other species in its native Venezuela, and P. pallida had both negative and positive effects depending on the year, (overall neutral effects) in its native Peru. However, in India and Hawaii, USA, where P. juliflora is an aggressive invader, canopy effects were consistently and strongly negative on species richness. Prosopis cineraria, a native to India, had much weaker effects on species richness in India than P. juliflora. We carried out multiple congeneric comparisons between P. juliflora and P. cineraria, and found that soil from the rhizosphere of P. juliflora had higher extractable phosphorus, soluble salts and total phenolics than P. cineraria rhizosphere soils. Experimentally applied P.juliflora litter caused far greater mortality of native Indian species than litter from P. cineraria. Prosopis juliflora leaf leachate had neutral to negative effects on root growth of three common crop species of north-west India whereas P. cineraria leaf leachate had positive effects. Prosopis juliflora leaf leachate also had higher concentrations of total phenolics and Ltryptophan than P. cineraria, suggesting a potential allelopathic mechanism for the congeneric differences. Our results also suggest the possibility of regional evolutionary trajectories among competitors and that recent mixing of species from different trajectories has the potential to disrupt evolved interactions among native species. 1-13. llambi@ula.ve pascual@ula.ve inderjitdu@gmail.com