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Internet connection nowadays has become one of the essential requirements to execute our daily activities effectively. Among the major applications of wide Internet connections is local area network (LAN) which connects all internet-enabled devices in a small-scale area such as office building, computer lab etc. This connection will allow legit user to access the resources of the network anywhere as long as authorization is acquired. However, this might be seen as opportunities for some people to illegally access the network. Hence, the occurrence of network hacking and privacy breach. Therefore, it is very vital for a computer network administrator to install a very protective and effective method to detect any network intrusion and, secondly to protect the network from illegal access that can compromise the security of the resources in the network. These resources include sensitive and confidential information that could jeopardise someone’s life or sovereignty of a country if manipulated by wrong hands. In Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) framework, apart from detecting unauthorized access, it is equally important to recognize the type of intrusions in order for the necessary precautions and preventive measures to take place. This paper presents the application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and its steps in performing intrusion detection process. Standard benchmark dataset known as KDD’99 cup was utilized with forty-one distinctive features representing the identity of network connections. Results presented demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and warrant good research focus as it promises exciting discovery in solving similar-patent of problems.

The interaction of Mn with Ge quantum dots (QD), which are bounded by {105} facets, and the strained Ge wetting layer (WL), terminated by a (001) surface, is investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Mn is deposited on the Ge QD and WL surface in sub-monolayer concentrations, and subsequently annealed up to temperature of 400 C. Bonding and surface topography were measured with STM during the annealing process. Mn forms flat islands on the Ge {105} facet, whose shape and position is guided by the rebonded step reconstruction. The images show a hybridization of Mn-d band and empty states of the Ge{105} facet. A statistical analysis of Mn-islands on the QD yields a slight preference for edge positions, whereas the QD strain field does not impact Mn-islands. The formation of ultra-small Mn-clusters dominates on the Ge(001) WL, which contrasts the Mn-interaction with unstrained Ge(001) surfaces. Annealing (, Images are 150 ppi in order to meet ArXiv size limit