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Background Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) are used in attractive applications in the medicinal, green catalyst, optics, electrochemical and so on. Apart from the catalytic activity, the chemical synthesized BNPs is less energy and environmentally highly toxic. Hence, Au-Ag BNPs prepared by the green synthesis method is suggested to be eco-friendly and have a potential catalytic reduction/degradation activity against environmentally polluted organic dyes. Materials and method In this present work, Ultrasound-Assisted green synthesis of Gold-Silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles (Au-Ag BNPs) was synthesized from Lawsonia inermis seed extract aqueous fraction. The effects of the extract volume, metal ions concentration, pH, and temperature were investigated to determine the optimum conditions of the synthesis of Au-Ag BNPs. Results and discussion UV-vis absorbance of the surface Plasmon resonance centre at 537 nm was confirmed the product of Au-Ag BNPs. FT-IR spectroscopy to determine the phytochemicals groups of the plant extract and Au-Ag BNPs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of Au-Ag BNPs shows polygonal, spherical and irregular shaped with particle sizes 15-35 nm. Under UV-vis the light source, the obtained BNPs had a strong photocatalytic reduction/degradation activity against 4-nitrophenol and methyl orange dye in the presence of NaBH4.

Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known marking nuts has been used in various traditional system of medicines for various ailments (such as antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic etc) since ancient times.Based on the wide pharmacological activities of this plant, the present study was aimed to explore the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic potential in high fat diet fed rats using catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid isolated from seeds of Semecarpus anacardium. Oral administration of catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid at a concentration of 50 mg/kg b.wt to high fat diet fed rats for a period of 30 days significantly decreased the lipid profiles, body weight gain and organ weight when compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. However, biflavonoid treated hypercholesterolemic rats showed more pronounced effects in all the parameters tested when compared to all catechol derivatives (I-IV) treated hypercholesterolemic rats. The effect produced by biflavonoid on various parameters was comparable to that of simvastastin- a standard drug. In vitro antioxidant activities were also conducted using these five compounds in which biflavonoid showed more significant antioxidant potential at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml when compared to catechol derivatives (I-IV). The pronounced antioxidant potential of biflavonoid might have contributed to the hypolipidemic action in hypercholesterolemic rats and improved oil red O staining of thoracic aorta has also supported the parameters investigated. Further, the molecular mechanism of cholesterol lowering potential of this drug is needed.

In the present study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was synthesized from silver ions using the reducing agents of Catharanthus roseus flowers extract. This flower was extract and fractionated by non-polar to polar solvent using separating funnel. The distilled water fraction was analyses the primary phytochemical test and used the synthesis of NPs. The UV-vis spectra wavelength value at 447 nm was confirmed the product of Ag NPs. FTIR spectrum wavenumbers at 3401 and 1625 cm−1 has indicates the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, respectively, capping the Ag NPs. HRTEM images of Ag NPs shows the spherical shape with sizes 5–20 nm. This NPs has excellent photocatalyst in the reduction of methyl orange and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of NaBH4. These NPs has potential antioxidant activity of DPPH, and H2O2 assays against the standard ascorbic acid contain the 100 µg/ml of NPs shows 65% and 77% of inhibition activity.

Organic dyes are mostly used in textile, paper, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industries etc., as colouring agents and being disposed in the environment that makes serious health issues. Therefore, this...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chebulagic acid on enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in albino male Wistar rats by feeding them with a high-fat diet comprising of 84.3% standard laboratory rat chow, 5% lard, 10% yolk powder, 0.2% cholesterol, and 5% bile salt for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals were kept in an overnight fast and injected with a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5). At the end of the experimental periods, the blood glucose, plasma insulin, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin levels, homeostatic model of insulin resistance, glycogen content, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase were measured in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats whereas the glucose metabolic enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose 6 phosphatase, fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) were analyzed. Administration of chebulagic acid to HFD/STZ -induced diabetic rats for 30 days significantly decreased the levels of plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, glycogen phosphorylase and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased the levels of insulin, glycogen content and glycogen synthase. On the other hand, the altered activity of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, PPAR-γ and GLUT4 were brought back to near-normal levels on treatment with chebulagic acid. The effect produced by chebulagic acid on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin.

In this present study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized from silver nitrate using the reducing agents of Polyalthia longifolia bark extract and applied the catalyst in the reduction/degradation of environmental polluted organic compound in the presence of NaBH4. Initially, the colourless reaction mixture was slowly changed to yellowish brown, UV-visible spectroscopy of surface plasmon resonance centre at 447 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) clearly identified the spherical shapes nanoparticles with diameters sizes 5-25 nm. This AgNPs has excellent catalyst in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) as compared to the reducing agent of NaBH4 (chemical) and plant extract (natural).

This study reports the ecofriendly economically, and environmentally benign approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using the traditional medicinal herb Pedalium murex mucilage. It���s structural, compositional, antibacterial, and antioxidant in vitro biological activity and solar-driven photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation characterization were investigated. FTIR analysis showed many active sites providing functional groups and their possible role in reducing and capping activity. The P. murex mucilage synthesized and capped AgNPs exhibited 437 nm UV ���Vis. peak absorption, 25���45 nm size, spherical shape with significant antibacterial, antioxidant and visible light photocatalytic methylene blue dye (87.13%) in 150 min. The higher biological activity results boost large-scale production of the synthesized silver nanoparticles for many applications.

Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenolic phytoconstituent isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus and its structure was established by analysis of its 1H, 13C and HRMS. The effect of rosmarinic acid was evaluated by deranged plasma and tissues glycoprotein components in diabetic rats. Rosmarinic acid was administered to diabetic rats for 30 days significantly declined the levels of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin with elevation of plasma insulin and haemoglobin levels. Rosmarinic acid administration improved the glycogen content in liver and muscle tissue by reinstating the altered glycogen metabolic enzymes such as glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. Further, the altered levels of plasma and tissue glycoprotein components were restored to near normal upon treatment with rosmarinic acid. In addition, rosmarinic acid treatment prevented body weight loss and excessive intake of food and water. The effect produced by the rosmarinic acid on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin.

A simple phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) employing urinary tract infection (UTI) controlling traditional medicinal plant Pedalium murex L. mucilage, their silver (Ag) doping by co-precipitation method has been reported. The synthesized Ag-doped ZnO NWs photocatalytic action on the UTI antibiotic nitrofurantoin (NFT) and the dye methylene blue (MB) has been reported. The synthesized NPs optical, biocomponents, structural and chemical properties were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, particle size analyzer. Photocatalytic activity of the phyto-assisted synthetic Ag-doped ZnO NWs was investigated on the degradation of the antibiotic NFT and the dye MB. The percentage of degradation, as well as dye removal efficiency was calculated. The UV-vis absorption spectrum showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 370 nm - 400 nm with blue and redshift. The vast bandgap energy (3.37 eV - 2.75 eV) reduction indicated the inclination of noble metal Ag on the surface of ZnO NWs. XRD diffractogram revealed the crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure and c-axis oriented growth of the synthesized ZnO nanowires. FTIR spectra functional groups exposed the possible contribution of plant phytochemicals in the formation of nanowires. TEM micrographs showed the agglomerations of zinc cite crystal structure nanowire with silver inclination on their surface. EDX and SAED confirmed the elemental composition and purity of the synthesized Ag/ZnO nanowires. The synthesized Ag-doped ZnO nanowires achieved photocatalytic degradation of about 78.51% of the antibiotic NFT and 92.43% of MB dye in 150 min under UV irradiation. The present study establishes the likelihood of photocatalytic degenerative potency of the antibiotic nitrofurantoin and methylene blue employing photosynthesized phytosynthesized zinc oxide nanowires.

Cassia auriculata L., the flower aqueous extract was fractionated by separating funnel using n-hexane (A1), chloroform (A2), ethyl acetate (A3) and triple distilled water (A4). The A4 fraction was concentrated and determined the presence of preliminary phytochemicals such as tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates and polyphenolic compounds. These phytochemical compounds acted as reducing as well as a stabilizing agent in the green synthesis of Ag NPs from aqueous silver ions. Initially, the colour change and UV-vis absorbance surface Plasmon resonance strong, wide band located at 435nm has confirmed the synthesis of Ag NPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Ag NPs shows a face-centered cubic crystal structure. The observed values were calculated by Debye-Scherrer equation to theoretical confirms the particle size of 18nm. The surface morphology of Ag NPs was viewed by HRTEM, the particles are spherical and triangle shapes with sizes from 10 to 35nm. Further, the Ag NPs was effective catalytic activity in the reduction of highly environmental polluted organic compounds of 4-nitrophenol and methyl orange. The green synthesis of Ag NPs seems to eco-friendly, cost-effective, conventional one spot synthesis and greater performance of catalytic degradation of environmentally polluted organic dyes.

The present study was aimed to explore the antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect of acyclic isoprenoid on high fat diet fed rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by the diet comprising of the normal rat chow 84.3%, lard 5%, yolk powder 10%, cholesterol 0.2% and 0.5% bile salt were fed to the rats for the period of 8 weeks. The results showed that abnormally elevated levels of plasma lipid profiles. Three different doses of acyclic isoprenoid (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w/day) were administered orally to hypercholesterolemia suffering rats for the period of 30 days. Among these three doses of acyclic isoprenoid, the dose 80 mg/kg b.w. was significantly decreased the plasma lipid profiles when compared to other two doses. The effect produced by acyclic isoprenoid (80 mg/kg b.w) was comparable to that of simvastatin. Therefore, 80 mg/kg b.w was fixed as a effective dose and used for further analyses. Acyclic isoprenoid administration reinstated the elevated levels of cardiac and inflammatory markers in both blood and serum of hypercholesterolemic rats. In addition, acyclic isoprenoid administration decreased activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and increased the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase. These findings suggest that the administration of acyclic isoprenoid was potentially ameliorated the cardiac marker enzymes and inflammatory markers in addition to its antihypercholesterolemic effect.

The aim of the present investigation was to isolate and identify the phytochemicals from Semecarpus anacardium seeds and evaluate their activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Escherichia coli MTCC 1689 and Proteus vulgaris MTCC 742 using well diffusion method). The phytochemicals were isolated using silica gel column chromatography and characterized as catechol derivatives by spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated catechol derivatives I-IV varied according to the dose and bacterial strains tested. Among the four catechol derivatives, catechol derivatives I and IV showed prominent antibacterial activity against both the positive and negative human pathogenic organisms compared to catechol derivatives II, III and tetracycline – a reference antibiotic drug. From these findings, it can be concluded that catechol derivatives I and IV possessed methyl group (CH3) in aromatic ring and no double bond in the aliphatic side chain which was not present in catechol derivatives II and III and they possessed double bonds in the aliphatic side chain and no methyl group in the aromatic ring. These may be the possible reason for showing more inhibitory activity of catechol derivatives I and IV. These results showed the effectiveness of catechol derivatives against tested bacterial strains. Further work is necessary to explore these antimicrobial compounds, which are useful in clinical applications.