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As individuals and political leaders increasingly interact in online social networks, it is important to understand how the affordances of social media shape social knowledge of morality and politics. Here, we propose that social media users overperceive levels of moral outrage felt by individuals and groups, inflating beliefs about intergroup hostility. Utilizing a Twitter field survey, we measured authors’ moral outrage in real time and compared authors’ reports to observers’ judgments of the authors’ moral outrage. We find that observers systematically overperceive moral outrage in authors, inferring more intense moral outrage experiences from messages than the authors of those messages actually reported. This effect was stronger in participants who spent more time on social media to learn about politics. Pre-registered confirmatory behavioral experiments found that overperception of individuals’ moral outrage causes overperception of collective moral outrage and inflates beliefs about hostile communication norms, group affective polarization and ideological extremity. Together, these results highlight how individual-level overperceptions of online moral outrage produce collective overperceptions that have the potential to warp our social knowledge of moral and political attitudes.

Background Latinx persons are overrepresented in terms of 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection rates and constitute a subpopulation at increased risk for COVID-19 related physical ailments. Fatigue and pain are among the most prevalent somatic symptoms among the Latinx population; however, there is little understanding of individual difference factors that are related to fatigue and pain during COVID-19 among this health disparities population. Experiential avoidance (EA) reflects the persistent tendency to avoid aversive internal sensations. Methods The current study sought to extend past work by exploring EA in relation to fatigue severity, pain intensity, and pain disability among 182 Latinx adult persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Results indicated that EA accounted for a statistically significant amount of variance across the criterion variables. Conclusions Overall, the current work provides initial empirical evidence that EA is related to greater fatigue severity and pain severity/disability among Latinx persons during COVID-19.

Purpose: To evaluate medical trainees’ and patients’ perceptions of the utility of a whole-foods, plant-based (WFPB) diet for chronic disease management. Methods: A cross-sectional study using two original survey tools was implemented. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from trainees and patients to evaluate perceived motivations and barriers to WFPB diet implementation. Results: Two hundred trainees and 52 patients responded to the surveys. Nearly half (48%) of patients were willing to try a WFPB diet, expressing a desire for additional information and help with its practical application. Over half (53%) of trainees were willing to recommend a WFPB diet to patients but expressed concern about its acceptability and feasibility. Patients perceived significantly more barriers related to personal enjoyment of animal products while trainees perceived more socioeconomic barriers. Conclusion: Poor diet has been identified as the United States’ leading risk factor for mortality from chronic diseases. Plant-predominant diets, such as a WFPB diet, are associated with improved health outcomes and may be an acceptable solution for many patients. WFPB dietary modification could be pursued with a motivational interviewing approach that targets patients’ individual goals. Medical providers should address their own assumptions regarding the dietary changes their patients are willing to make.

Purpose. To evaluate medical students’ and family medicine residents’ perceptions of their current degree of nutrition training in general and regarding a whole-foods, plant-based (WFPB) diet. Methods. An original survey instrument was administered to medical students and family medicine residents. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to evaluate perceptions of nutrition education in medical training, a WFPB diet, and ideas for nutrition-focused curricular reform. Results. Of the 668 trainees surveyed, 200 responded (response rate = 30%). Of these, 22% agreed that they received sufficient nutrition education in medical school and 41% agreed that a WFPB diet should be a focus. Respondents with personal experiences with a plant-based diet were more willing to recommend it to future patients. Common ideas for curricular reform were instruction on a WFPB diet along with other healthy dietary patterns, patient counseling, a dedicated nutrition course, and electives. Conclusions. Nutrition education in US medical training needs improvement to address the growing burden of obesity-related chronic disease. Proper nutrition and lifestyle modification should therefore play a larger role in the education of future physicians. A focus on plant-predominant diets, such as the WFPB diet, may be an acceptable and effective addition to current medical school curriculum, and deserves further study.

Background and Purpose: Triage of patients with emergent large vessel occlusion stroke to primary stroke centers followed by transfer to comprehensive stroke centers leads to increased time to endovascular therapy. A Mobile Interventional Stroke Team (MIST) provides an alternative model by transferring a MIST to a Thrombectomy Capable Stroke Center (TSC) to perform endovascular therapy. Our aim is to determine whether the MIST model is more time-efficient and leads to improved clinical outcomes compared with standard drip-and-ship (DS) and mothership models. Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study with 3-month follow-up between June 2016 and December 2018 at a multicenter health system, consisting of one comprehensive stroke center, 4 TSCs, and several primary stroke centers. A total of 228 of 373 patients received endovascular therapy via 1 of 4 models: mothership with patient presentation to a comprehensive stroke center, DS with patient transfer from primary stroke center or TSC to comprehensive stroke center, MIST with patient presentation to TSC and MIST transfer, or a combination of DS with patient transfer from primary stroke center to TSC and MIST. The prespecified primary end point was initial door-to-recanalization time and secondary end points measured additional time intervals and clinical outcomes at discharge and 3 months. Results: MIST had a faster mean initial door-to-recanalization time than DS by 83 minutes ( P P =0.83). A greater proportion had a complete recovery (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 0 or 1) at discharge in MIST compared with DS (37.9% versus 16.7%; P P =0.10). Conclusions: MIST led to significantly faster initial door-to-recanalization times compared with DS, which was comparable to mothership. This decrease in time has translated into improved short-term outcomes and a trend towards improved long-term outcomes. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03048292.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ajl-10.1177_15598276211041551 for Whole-Foods, Plant-Based Diet Perceptions of Medical Trainees Compared to Their Patients: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study by Kara F. Morton, Diana C. Pantalos, Craig Ziegler and Pradip D. Patel in American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ajl-10.1177_1559827620988677 for A Place for Plant-Based Nutrition in US Medical School Curriculum: A Survey-Based Study by Kara F. Morton, Diana C. Pantalos, Craig Ziegler and Pradip D. Patel in American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

The total synthesis of the lignan-based cyclobutane di-O-methylendiandrin A has been achieved using diastereoselective, vicinal alkylation and transannular McMurry reactions of a macrocyclic 1,4-diketone as key transformations for establishing relative stereochemistry and furnishing the strained 4-membered ring of the natural product.

Introduction: Keeping a contamination free environment in the laboratory has commonly been achieved by one of two ways: a flame or a biosafety cabinet (BSC). However, it has been frequently observed that these two practices have been combined, where a heat source has been used within the BSC. As flames require flammable gasses and cause hot air to rise, it was hypothesized that these could lead to a loss of BSC containment, as BSCs rely on unidirectional downflow air. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether BSCs can maintain containment when a heat source is operated within the work area. Methods: Several heat sources (Bunsen burner, High Heat Bunsen Burner, Spirit Lamp and Bacti-cinerator) were placed within two sizes of BSCs (4-foot and 6-foot), and smoke was used to visualize airflow disturbances, air cleanliness was measured by particle counting , and aerosol microbiological testing was conducted to ascertain containment. The risk of introducing a flammable gas into a BSC was also calculated. Results: Large flamed Bunsen burners were found to have the most detrimental effects on the ability of the BSC to maintain containment, especially in the center of the work area, while the smaller heat sources were more variable. Containment was completely lost in the 4-foot BSC, whereas the 6-foot BSC was capable of maintaining containment in only a few conditions. The BSC was also calculated to be able to maintain the required volume of flammable gas needed to operate the burners, not taking into consideration unintended leaks. Conclusions: Overall, it was determined that BSCs cannot operate safely and reliably while housing a heat source, as it could cause unexpected contamination of the work or the worker, or BSC ignition or explosion.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the incidence and related factors of home accidents in old individuals living at home. Materials and Method: 1185 individuals aged 65 years and above, living in Niğde Province city centre participated in this sectional study. The data were collected through a survey form prepared by the researcher after literature review, Activities of Daily Living Assessment Form and Instrumental Daily Life Activities Form of Lawton and Brody. Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis were used for assessing the data. Results: Mean age of participants was 71.1±6.1 years, and incidence of home accidents within the past year was 20.3%. The most common accident types were falls (75.8%), cuts and injuries (12.1%) and burns (8.8%). Accidents occurred frequently in winter and in bedrooms or living rooms. In terms of underlying causes for home accidents, primary individual factors were loss of balance and lack of attention, while domestic risk factors were wet floor and tripping. Women and the people who were independent of the majority of basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) suffered more home accidents. Conclusion: More than a third of the old people, who had home accidents, experienced them twice or more within the past year. This indicates that home accidents have not been given sufficient attention. It is believed that adjusting home conditions of old people to prevent accidents and training them as well as their caregivers about home accidents can decrease such incidences. © 2019, Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved.

A series of bent p-terphenyl-containing macrocycles have been synthesized and then regioselectively brominated, arylated, and subsequently subjected to a Scholl-based cyclodehydrogenation reaction. Shortening the alkyloxy bridging unit of these macrocycles increases the bend in the p-terphenyl unit, as well as the strain energy (SE) of the central para-phenylene ring system. For the first time, incremental increases in SE of the macrocyclic structure of this class of benzenoid compounds have been investigated in the context of π-extension to strained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon systems using the Scholl reaction.

Most laboratory techniques are performed in biosafety cabinets (BSCs) to provide contamination control of the experiments. By using specifically directed airflow and high-efficiency particulate air...

27th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2019 -- 24 April 2019 through 26 April 2019 -- -- 151073, In this paper, end to end average bit error rate (BER) for three-hop cooperative communication systems with a decode-and-forward (DF) relay is derived in the closed-form in the presence of error propagation. The derived end-to-end BER expression is verified via computer simulations. It is shown that the threshold selection for the relays has dominant effect on the error performance of the system. In this paper, we multi-hop communication between base station and cell-edge users to achieve ultra-wide coverage which is one of the important requirements for 5G and beyond. © 2019 IEEE.

27th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2019 -- 24 April 2019 through 26 April 2019 -- -- 151073, Non-orthogonal multiple access is one of the most important candidates for next-generation communication systems called 5G and beyond. NOMA provides superiority to multiple access techniques that has been used up to recent times in terms of outage probability and achieved throughput. However, two main drawbacks of NOMA are as follow: 1) The decay in error performance caused by inter user interference. 2) The high computational complexity at receivers because of successive interference canceler (SIC). In this study, Deep Learning (DL)-based joint symbol detection to detect symbols at users is proposed. Based on the provided simulation results we present that DL based detector can achieve the same error performance with SIC based detector. Hence, the power of DL networks for wireless communications has been revealed. © 2019 IEEE.

Maternal directive and responsive behaviors were compared for 25 mothers and children with complex communication needs using two types of toys (familiar and unfamiliar toys). Each type of toy play was conducted with and without a single message speech-generating communication device (SGD) programmed to say "more." Rate percentages of coded intervals for maternal directive and responsive behaviors were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Results indicated that mothers used significantly more responsive behaviors when playing with their own familiar toys than with unfamiliar toys, but no differences in directiveness between types of play. Mothers showed no differences in responsivity or directiveness when the SGD was added to play interactions, indicating that the SGD did not introduce task features that detracted from the mothers' existing levels of responsivity with their children. Clinical implications are discussed.

The various span creation mechanisms have been studied in great detail and this work has presented the state of the art in the area of offshore pipeline span creation mechanism analysis. The different span creation mechanisms of a pipeline during operation include residual uplifts, scouring, sandwaves, underwater landslides, strudel scour, etc. With this information a software can be formulated which can incorporate the different characteristics of elements of span creation.

Aselsan;et al.;Huawei;IEEE Signal Processing Society;IEEE Turkey Section;Netas, 26th IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2018 -- 2 May 2018 through 5 May 2018 -- -- 137780, NOMA is as a strong candidate for the Future Radio Access Network (FRA) due to its potential to support massive connectivity and high spectral efficiency. However, the most important drawback of NOMA is the error during Successive Interference Canceller (SIC) is implemented because of the inter-user interferences. In this paper, we derive closed-form exact Bit-Error Rate expressions for Downlink(DL) NOMA over Nakagami-m fading channels in the presence of SIC errors. The derived expressions are validated by the computer simulations. It is shown that the m parameter still represents the diversity order like as OMA systems. Besides, the BER performances of users for NOMA have substantially depended on the power allocation coefficient. © 2018 IEEE.

We report the genome sequences of 14 cluster K mycobacteriophages isolated using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc²155 as host. Four are closely related to subcluster K1 phages, and 10 are members of subcluster K6. The phage genomes span considerable sequence diversity, including multiple types of integrases and integration sites.

Bu çalışmada güven, işletme-yatırımcı ilişkisinde güven oluşumunun önemi ve bu konuda etkin bir araç olarak Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk ele alınmıştır. Güven, ekonomideki işlem maliyetlerini azaltarak etkinliğin artmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Sürdürülebilirliğe, sosyal sermayeye ve sorumluluğa daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulan günümüz iş dünyasında gerek bu ihtiyaçların bir girdisi gerekse çıktısı olarak güven kavramı son dönemlerde üzerinde en fazla durulan konular arasında yer almaktadır. İşletmelerin tüm paydaşlarla olduğu gibi yatırımcılarla ilişkisinde de öne çıkan güven unsuru sermaye maliyetlerine doğrudan etki etmektedir. Genelde paydaşlarla özelde ise yatırımcılarla işletme arasında güvene dayalı bir ilişkinin kurulması, finansal piyasalardan fon teminini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Uygun koşullarla ve sürekli fonlama imkanları, işletmelerin piyasa değerlerini arttırıcı özelliktedir. Bu özellik yatırımcılar ile onların işletmeye yönelik beklentilerini karşılayacak etkin ve süreklilik gösteren bilgilendirme ile işlevsellik kazanmaktadır. Böylece toplumsal aktörler arasında sağlanan güven köprüsü ekonomik anlamda da daha sağlam bir zeminin oluşmasına yol açmaktadır. Çalışma ile mikro temelde örülen güven ilişkisinin makro alanda da kendini gösterdiği ve böylece işletmelerin yaptıkları faaliyetlerin hem topluma hem de örgüte yönelik katma değeri artırdığı ortaya konulmaktadır.

This review assessed the utility of vasopressin and vasopressin analogues for the treatment of refractory hypotension associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the perioperative setting. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and ProQuest. Six randomized controlled trials met eligibility criteria. In the perioperative setting, continued use of ACE inhibitors within 24 hours before surgery remains controversial. Authors of the reviewed studies suggested that the morning dose of the ACE inhibitor be held, and those patients experienced decreased catecholamine use postoperatively and shorter duration of decreased mean arterial pressure. No incidence of refractory hypertension from withholding the morning dose of the ACE inhibitor was mentioned. All of the patients receiving vasopressin demonstrated improved hemodynamic stability with small, intermittent doses, without profound ischemic changes. For management (prevention and treatment) of ACE inhibitor-associated hypotension in the perioperative setting, all studies showed statistically significant success with vasopressin or vasopressin analogues for improvement of systemic blood pressures. Before vasopressin is widely accepted as a standard of care, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess the general utility of vasopressin in surgical populations for management of ACE inhibitor-associated refractory hypotension.

WOS: 000423283800045 In this research, it was aimed to determine the attitudes of prospective teachers of science, primary school and social sciences regarding solid waste and recycling as an environmental issue. A total of 140 prospective teachers composed of 48 studying in science teaching, 43 in primary school teaching and 49 in social sciences teaching in the senior class in the Department of Faculty of Education in a University located in Black Sea region of Turkey participated in the research. In the research, comparative survey has been used under relational survey model which is one of the general survey models. A 33-item attitude scale developed by another researcher was used in the research. It was determined that there is no significant difference in attitudes on solid waste and recycling by gender of prospective teachers. According to attitude points of prospective teachers on solid waste and recycling, it was concluded that there is a significant difference on behalf of science prospective teachers between science and primary school prospective teachers. Similarly, it was concluded that there is a significant difference on behalf of science prospective teachers between science and social sciences prospective teachers. But there is no significant difference between primary school and social sciences prospective teachers.

Background The American Board of Internal Medicine has defined through the min-CEX (Clinical Examination booklet) that a resident would need to perform anywhere from 3 to 5 procedures to be competent in a given procedure. Many faculty and residents believe that this number is too low to achieve competency. Methods Although simulation has been required as part of medical training, we have reviewed a number of articles addressing competence and potentially fewer complications with improved patient safety. Results The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has simply stated that simulation should be part of residency training. However, this has resulted in a disorganized approach among the nearly 385 internal medicine programs in the United States. Conclusions This article suggests a model of simulation that addresses procedures, medical codes and major medical problems that each resident achieve competence in before graduating residency. This would require minimally a doubling of the number of procedures to define competency and will do so in a far more scientific method.

Deadly disease outbreaks have become a frequent occurrence throughout the world with infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Nipah virus of Malaysia, Hendra virus of Australia, hantavirus in the United States, and most recently, the Ebola virus in Africa (1). Additionally, new laboratory techniques have become reliant on the use of infectious agents for common procedures. Lentivirus, adenovirus, vaccinia virus, Escherchia coli, and human cancer cells are frequently found in research laboratories worldwide. With the increased exposure to these biological agents comes the greater risk of developing a laboratory-associated infection (LAI). Previous studies have accounted for 5,527 LAIs from 1930 to 2004, with 204 of these resulting in death (2–4). In a recent study of all LAIs from 1976 to 2010, it was found that there were 197 cases reported to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) due to exposure to specifically recombinant DNA-based materials (5). Unfortunately, most LAIs (82%) cannot be traced to a single incident to determine the cause of exposure (3, 5–7). Although good sterile and aseptic techniques are critical, virtually every activity in the laboratory gives rise to aerosols (8–10). Aerosols containing infectious agents, compounded by contact spread (11), could create an epidemic before any symptoms present. This underscores the need for protection from these agents, such as use of proper aseptic technique, personal protective equipment (PPE), and appropriate primary barriers.

This study compared longitudinal changes in mastery motivation during parent-child free play for 37 children with complex communication needs. Mastery motivation manifests as a willingness to work hard at tasks that are challenging, which is an important quality to overcoming the challenges involved in successful expressive communication using AAC. Unprompted parent-child play episodes were identified in three assessment sessions over an 18-month period and coded for nine categories of mastery motivation in social and object play. All of the object-oriented mastery motivation categories and one social mastery motivation category showed an influence of motor skills after controlling for receptive language. Object play elicited significantly more of all of the object-focused mastery motivation categories than social play, and social play elicited more of one type of social-focused mastery motivation behavior than object play. Mastery motivation variables did not differ significantly over time for children. Potential physical and interpersonal influences on mastery motivation for parents and children with complex communication needs are discussed, including broadening the procedures and definitions of mastery motivation beyond object-oriented measurements for children with complex communication needs.

Objective: Childhood-onset obesity is associated with increased mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during adulthood. Dyslipidemia has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of CVD. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and related factors among obese children and adolescents. Methods: Obese patients aged between 2 and 18 years were included in the study. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), fasting glucose levels, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and liver ultrasound findings were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Among 823 obese patients, 353 (42.9%) met the dyslipidemia criteria: 21.7% had hypertriglyceridemia, 19.7% had low levels of HDL-C, 18.6% had hypercholesterolemia, and 13.7% had high levels of LDL-C. Older age and/or high body mass index (BMI) were related to increased prevalence of dyslipidemia. Hepatosteatosis was more common among dyslipidemic patients. The frequency of insulin resistance (IR) and of higher levels of ALT and TSH were also detected in dyslipidemic patients. Patients with both dyslipidemia and grade 2-3 hepatosteatosis had higher levels of ALT, AST and TSH and lower levels of fT4. Conclusion: Prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in obese children, and hypertriglyceridemia is in the foreground. Higher levels of IR and more apparent abnormal liver function test results are observed in the context of dyslipidemia and hepatosteatosis coexistence. Metabolic and hormonal alterations related with thyroid functions may also be associated with dyslipidemia and hepatosteatosis in obese patients.

Objective— Palmitoylation, the reversible addition of the lipid palmitate to a cysteine, can alter protein localization, stability, and function. The ZDHHC family of protein acyl transferases catalyzes palmitoylation of numerous proteins. The role of ZDHHC enzymes in intact tissue and in vivo is largely unknown. Herein, we characterize vascular functions in a mouse that expresses a nonfunctional ZDHHC21 (F233Δ). Approach and Results— Physiological studies of isolated aortae and mesenteric arteries from F233Δ mice revealed an unexpected defect in responsiveness to phenylephrine, an α1 adrenergic receptor agonist. In vivo, F233Δ mice displayed a blunted response to infusion of phenylephrine, and they were found to have elevated catecholamine levels and elevated vascular α1 adrenergic receptor gene expression. Telemetry studies showed that the F233Δ mice were tachycardic and hypotensive at baseline, consistent with diminished vascular tone. In biochemical studies, ZDHHC21 was shown to palmitoylate the α1D adrenoceptor and to interact with it in a molecular complex, thus suggesting a possible molecular mechanism by which the receptor can be regulated by ZDHHC21. Conclusions— Together, the data support a model in which ZDHHC21 F233Δ diminishes the function of vascular α1 adrenergic receptors, leading to reduced vascular tone, which manifests in vivo as hypotension and tachycardia. This is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a ZDHHC isoform affecting vascular function in vivo and identifies a novel molecular mode of regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure.

Background: The management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) depends on a reliable assessment of intracranial pressure (ICP), particularly when visual function measures or ophthalmoscopic indicators are confusing and when invasive surgical procedures are being considered. Although ICP monitoring has been widely applied in many neurologic conditions as a more reliable measure of ongoing ICP than lumbar puncture (LP), it has not often been widely used in the management of IIH. Methods: We searched the records of the University of Michigan between 2001 and 2008 for patients with IIH who had undergone LP and continuous ICP monitoring with an intraparenchymal Codman ICP Monitoring System and in whom at least 1 year of follow-up information was available. Ten patients met entry criteria. Results: There were no complications from the ICP monitoring. ICP monitoring influenced management in all 10 patients. In 8 patients, LP had shown elevated opening pressures; in 7 of them, ICP monitoring failed to confirm a consistently high ICP. In these patients, the decision to withdraw ICP-lowering agents or shunts, or not to revise indwelling shunts, produced no change in visual function or optic disc appearance over a follow-up period of at least 1 year. In 1 patient, ICP monitoring confirmed the high ICP suggested by LP, justifying placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In 1 patient, ICP monitoring was performed instead of LP because a petroclival mass posed a danger to the performance of LP; a shunt was subsequently placed due to elevated ICP. Conclusion: In providing more accurate information about ICP than about LP, short-term continuous ICP intraparenchymal monitoring may be a useful adjunct in the management of IIH when clinical data are confusing and invasive interventions are under consideration.

How a mother responds to her young child's early communication behavior has been found to contribute to the children's scores on cognitive and language measures. This effect has been found in both children with and without developmental disabilities. Aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is a communication strategy used with young children with developmental disabilities. Currently, there have been no studies addressing how a mother's play with her children may change when an aided AAC device is added. In this study 25 dyads participated in familiar and unfamiliar to play with and without a BIGmack present. Mothers' responsive and directive behaviors were coded and compared across both types of play. When the two conditions were compared, mothers showed more overall responsiveness to their children's communication when the BIGmack was present. Mothers did not increase their directive behaviors significantly between the two conditions.

The computer-assisted development of a CE method for compliance monitoring of a group of 17 antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine hydrochloride, clozapine, droperidol, flupenthixol dihydrochloride, fluphenazine dihydrochloride, haloperidol, pimozide, thioridazine hydrochloride, trifluoperazine dihydrochloride, prochlorperazine dimaleate, amisulpride, aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine fumarate, risperidone, ziprasidone, and zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride) was performed. Peakmaster, a free simulation program for CE, was employed in a multivariate optimisation approach to determine suitable BGE conditions with minimal experimentation. However, analyte input parameters (pK(a) and limiting ionic mobility) were not included within the software and required determination. Limiting ionic mobility was determined experimentally, while pK(a) values were calculated using ACD Labs software. A modified chromatographic response factor, which identified the BGE providing the greatest resolution between each pair of peaks within 10 min, was used and determined a pH 2.5 and an ionic strength of 50 mM as optimal. Marked disparities were apparent between experimentally determined and computer-simulated results, due to error associated with pK(a) values calculated using ACD Labs. These results confirm that Peakmaster analyses are highly sensitive to pK(a) values, especially where the pH of the BGE is in the proximity of the analyte pK(a); but also that Peakmaster does allows a rational approach to dramatically reduce the amount of experimental work required for multivariate optimisation of conditions for CE.

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The corpus callosum is the largest commissural fiber connecting left and right hemisphere of the brain. Emerging evidence suggests that a variety of abnormalities detected in the microstructure of this white matter fiber can be an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, little is known about tissue characteristics of these abnormalities and how these abnormalities evolve during AD progression. In this study, we measured in vivo magnetic resonance transverse relaxation times (T2) to longitudinally monitor changes in tissue integrity and abnormalities related to myelination and demyelination processes in corpus callosum of AD mouse models. The most striking finding of our study was a significant elongation of T2 values in the corpus callosum at 10, 14, 16 and 18 months of age compared to age-matched wild-type mice. In contrast, the gray matter regions surrounding the corpus callosum, such as the cortex and hippocampus, showed a significant T2 decrease compared to wild-type mice. Histological analyses clearly revealed demyelination, gliosis and amyloid-plaque deposition in the corpus callosum. Our results suggest that demyelinating and inflammatory pathology may result in prolonged relaxation time during AD progression. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo T2 study assessing the microstructural changes with age in the corpus callosum of the Tg2576 mouse model and it demonstrates the application of T2 measurement to noninvasively detect tissue integrity of the corpus callosum, which can be an early event in disease progression.

4th Annual EuroMed Conference of the EuroMed-Academy-of-Business -- OCT 20-21, 2011 -- Elounda, GREECE, WOS: 000302400100035, New models and management approaches are being searched in today's economic world where the borders are removed and people are trying to live with economic crises. Neither governments nor private sectors are being able to control the markets. Economic and social problems are growing rapidly and the countries are going bankrupt like businesses. Under these circumstances third sector foundations are giving opportunity to market failures and looking for solutions by social entrepreneurship. In this paper reasons for the market failures have been discussed and third sector and social entrepreneurship are offered as a solution for today's economic problems., EuroMed Acad Business, Agios Nikolaos Campus TEI Crete, Univ Nicosia Cyprus, Coll Management Acad Studies Israel, Les Roches- Gruyere, Univ Appl Sci Switzerland, Agr Bank Greece, Natl Bank Greece, MTN, ExpoGlobalOnline.com, Emerald publishing Co

While aging remains one of the most significant risk factors for development of Alzheimer disease (AD), increasing evidence strongly points to the potential roles of cerebrovascular and white matter abnormalities in the disease development. A better understanding of the manner in which these abnormalities contribute to disease progression can be achieved by in vivo characterization of AD related pathologies. To this end, MR based techniques serve as effective non-invasive tools to longitudinally monitor changes in AD brain. In this thesis, a variety of MR based techniques were optimized and employed to longitudinally monitor the AD progression in transgenic mouse models of the disease at 9.4T and 17.6T. In Chapter 2, age-dependent blood flow alterations were examined in a Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using MR angiography at 17.6T. AD is linked to abnormalities in the vascular system. In Chapter 3, in vivo T2 changes were longitudinally monitored in the corpus callosum, of the Tg2576 mice. In Chapter 4, age-dependent regional brain T1 and T2 changes in healty mice were established at 17.6T. In vivo imaging of these mouse models at ultra-high magnetic field strengths can permit a better understanding of the underlying cellular mechanism of AD.

Nondipping has been defined as a reduction in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of

The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) how frequently pediatricians obtain a history of passive smoke exposure (PSE), (2) what type of advice regarding PSE they offer and how frequently they offer it, and (3) what methods and what assistance they believe would be useful to reduce PSE. A random sample of 1,000 US members (GEN) of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and all 724 members of the AAP sections of pulmonology, otolaryngology, and allergy (SPECS) were sent a questionnaire. Seven hundred fifty-five usable questionnaires were returned. Ninety-six percent of 321 general pediatricians obtained a PSE history at least “sometimes” but were much more likely to “always” do so when seeing a patient with asthma (87%) or recurrent otitis media (56%) than during well-child visits (41%) (p

et al., [Background and aim]: The lymphatic network plays a major role in maintaining tissue fluid homoeostasis. Therefore several pathological conditions associated with oedema formation result in deficient lymphatic function. However, the role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of ascites and oedema formation in cirrhosis has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inability of the lymphatic system to drain tissue exudate contributes to the oedema observed in cirrhosis. [Methods]: Cirrhosis was induced in rats by CCl4 inhalation. Lymphatic drainage was evaluated using fluorescent lymphangiography. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was measured in primary lymphatic endothelial cells (LyECs). Inhibition of eNOS activity in cirrhotic rats with ascites (CH) was carried out by L-N G-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) treatment (0.5 mg/kg/day). [Results]: The (CH) rats had impaired lymphatic drainage in the splanchnic and peripheral regions compared with the control (CT) rats. LyECs isolated from the CH rats showed a significant increase in eNOS and nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, the lymphatic vessels of the CH rats showed a significant reduction in smooth muscle cell (SMC) coverage compared with the CT rats. CH rats treated with L-NMMA for 7 days showed a significant improvement in lymphatic drainage and a significant reduction in ascites volume, which were associated with increased plasma volume. This beneficial effect of L-NMMA inhibition was also associated with a significant increase in lymphatic SMC coverage. [Conclusions]: The upregulation of eNOS in the LyECs of CH rats causes long-term lymphatic remodelling, which is characterised by a loss of SMC lymphatic coverage. The amelioration of this lymphatic abnormality by chronic eNOS inhibition results in improved lymphatic drainage and reduced ascites., This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Plan Nacional de I+ D+I (SAF2007-63069 and SAF2010-19025 to MM-R and SAF2009-08039 to WJ) and AGAUR (2009 SGR 1496 to WJ). MP was supported by MICINN (contract number BES-2007-16909). CIBERehd and CIBER-BBN are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

Real-time and noninvasive imaging of intracellular second messengers in mammalian cells, while -preserving their in vivo phenotype, requires biosensors of exquisite constitution. Here we provide the methodology for utilizing the single wavelength cGMP-biosensor δ-FlincG in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells.

Purpose: To establish regional T(1) and T(2) values of the healthy mouse brain at ultra-high magnetic field strength of 17.6 T and to follow regional brain T(1) and T(2) changes with age. Methods: In vivo T(1) and T(2) values in the C57BL/6J mouse brain were followed with age using multislice-multiecho sequence and multiple spin echo saturation recovery with variable repetition time sequence, respectively, at 9.4 and 17.6 T. Gadolinium-tetra-azacyclo-dodecane-tetra-acetic acid phantoms were used to validate in vivo T(2) measurements. Student's t-test was used to compare mean relaxation values. Results: A field-dependent decrease in T(2) is shown and validated with phantom measurements. T(2) values at 17.6 T typically increased with age in multiple brain regions except in the hypothalamus and the caudate-putamen, where a slight decrease was observed. Furthermore, T(1) values in various brain regions of young and old mice are presented at 17.6 T. A large gain in signal-to-noise ratio was observed at 17.6 T. Conclusions: This study establishes for the first time the normative T(1) and T(2) values at 17.6 T over different mouse brain regions with age. The estimates of in vivo T(1) and T(2) will be useful to optimize pulse sequences for optimal image contrast at 17.6 T and will serve as baseline values against which disease-related relaxation changes can be assessed in mice. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent dilator of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) by modulating intracellular cGMP ([cGMP](i)) through the binding and activation of receptor guanylyl cylases (sGC). The kinetic relationship of NO and sGC, as well as the subsequent regulation of [cGMP](i) and its effects on blood vessel vasodilation, is largely unknown. In isolated VSM cells exposed to both pulsed and clamped NO we observed transient and sustained increases in [cGMP](i), with sub-nanomolar sensitivity to NO (EC(50) = 0.28 nM). Through the use of pharmacological inhibitors of sGC, PDE5, and PKG, a comprehensive VSM-specific modeling algorithm was constructed to elucidate the concerted activity profiles of sGC, PDE5, phosphorylated PDE5, and PDE1 in the maintenance of [cGMP](i). In small pressure-constricted arteries of the resistance vasculature we again observed both transient and sustained relaxations upon delivery of pulsed and clamped NO, while maintaining a similarly high sensitivity to NO (EC(50) = 0.42 nM). Our results propose an intricate dependency of the messengers and enzymes involved in cGMP homeostasis, and vasodilation in VSM. Particularly, the high sensitivity of sGC to NO in primary tissue indicates how small changes in the concentrations of NO, irrespective of the form of NO delivery, can have significant effects on the dynamic regulation of vascular tone.

Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a diffusible transmitter in most tissues of the body and exerts its effects by binding to receptors harboring a guanylyl cyclase transduction domain, resulting in cGMP accumulation in target cells. Despite its widespread importance, very little is known about how this signaling pathway operates at physiological NO concentrations and in real time. To address these deficiencies, we have exploited the properties of a novel cGMP biosensor, named δ-FlincG, expressed in cells containing varying mixtures of NO-activated guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase activity. Responsiveness to NO, signifying a physiologically relevant rise in cGMP to 30 nM or more, was seen at concentrations as low as 1 pM, making cells by far the most sensitive NO detectors yet encountered. Even cells coexpressing phosphodiesterase-5, a cGMP-activated isoform found in many NO target cells, responded to NO in concentrations as low as 10 pM. The dynamics of NO capture and signal transduction was revealed by administering timed puffs of NO from a local pipette. A puff lasting only 100 ms, giving a calculated peak intracellular NO concentration of 23 pM, was detectable. The results could be encapsulated in a quantitative model of cellular NO-cGMP signaling, which recapitulates the NO responsiveness reported previously from crude cGMP measurements on native cells, and which explains how NO is able to exert physiological effects at extremely low concentrations, when only a tiny proportion of its receptors would be occupied.

Kara, F. Zişan (Aksaray, Yazar), İnternet, toplumun her alanında etkisini gösteren ve yaşamın sınırlarını ve işleyişini yeniden biçimlendiren bir unsur olarak ekonomi ve iş dünyasında da önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. İnternet’in yarattığı yeni ekonomi modeli ve yeni yönetim yaklaşımlarını zorunlu hale getirmesi, konunun kapsamını ve önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda ele aldığımız çalışmada, İnternet ekonomisi ve etkileri ele alınarak, son yıllarda giderek daha fazla önem kazanan kurumsal sürdürülebilirliğin işletmeler açısından böylesi bir ekonomideki yeri ve önemi üzerinde durulacaktır., Internet is an important factor which represents its effects in every area in society. The Internet based new economics model created understanding of a new management and introduced the scope and importance of the subject. In this context, by discussing Internet Economics and its effects, the role and the importance of corporate sustainability for enterprises in such an economics will be emphasized.

Perineural spread of head and neck cancers is a well-documented phenomenon, but the diagnosis is often delayed due to lack of familiarity with clinical manifestations, anatomy of the head and neck, and imaging signs. We present single cases of perineural spread along each of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve in which the perineural spread was initially overlooked. Although perineural spread is often associated with a poor prognosis, earlier detection may improve outcome.

✓In this study, HSV-I IgG antibodies have been searched with ELISA, in sera of 73 mothers whose pregnancies have been resulted with stillbirth, congenital anomaly, prematurity, postmaturity and abortion and in cord sera among their babies. In sera of mothers the ratio of positfvity of HSV-1 IgG was 71, 73 (97.26%) and seronegativity was 2/73 (2.74%). There was no significant difference between age groups from the point of distribution of HSV-1 IgG. The same seropositivity/seronegativity ratio was found in cord sera and it was,determined that the antibody passes through placenta. Prematurity or stillbirth were determined in the two cases, at risk group, also negative for HSV-1 IgG.✓Bu çalışmada ölü veya anomalili bebek doğumu yapan prematürite, postmatürite ve abortus sorunları bulunan 73 annenin serumunda ve bebeklerin kordon serumlarında, ELİSA ile, HSV-1 IgG antikorları araştırılmıştır. Anne serumlarında HSV-1 IgG pozitiflik oranı 71/73 (%97.26) ve negatiftik oranı-2/73 (%2.74) şeklinde belirlenmiştir. HSV-1 IgG'nin yaş grubu dağılımında önemli bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Anne serumu HSV-1 IgG pozitiflik/negatiflik oranlan, kordon serumunda da elde edilmiş ve bu antikorun doğrudan transplasenter geçişi şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir .HSV-1 IgG negatif ve risk grubunda bulunan 2 olgudan birinde prematür, diğerinde ölü bebek doğumu saptanmıştır.