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Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Correlation between plasma vaspin level and baseline clinical and biochemical parameters according to diabetic status. PDE, peritoneal dialysis effluent; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SGA, subjective global assessment overall score; MIS, malnutrition inflammation score; E: I ratio, extra-cellular to intracellular volume ratio; D/P4, dialysate-to-plasma creatinine concentration at 4 hours; MTAC, mass transfer areas coefficient of creatinine; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; FEBM, fat-free edema-free body mass, NAPA for normalized protein nitrogen appearance; PWV, pulse wave velocity. Data are compared by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Supplementary Table 2. Correlation between plasma vaspin level and insulin resistance. HbA1C, Hemoglobin A1C; HOMA, Homeostatic Model Assessment; IR, Insulin resistance; 2B, beta 2 cell function. Data are compared by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Supplementary Table 3. Cox regression analysis for patient survival (all patients). HR, hazards ratio; AHR, adjusted hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; SGA, subjective global assessment overall score; MIS, malnutrition inflammation score; CR_PWV, carotid to radial pulse wave velocity; CF_PWV, carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity, BMI, body mass index; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; MTAC, mass transfer areas coefficient of creatinine; NPNA, normalized protein nitrogen appearance; E: I ratio, extra-cellular to intracellular volume ratio; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; PTH, parathyroid hormone. *interaction between plasma vaspin level quartile and diabetic status. **male as compared to female

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-ptd-10.1177_08968608221110491 for Predictors and prognostic significance of persistent fluid overload: A longitudinal study in Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients by Jack Kit-Chung Ng, Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan, Gordon Chun-Kau Chan, Kai Ming Chow, Wing Fai Pang, Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng, Chi Bon Leung, Philip Kam-Tao Li and Cheuk Chun Szeto in Peritoneal Dialysis International

Background:Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate one-third of all protein-coding genes and are fundamental in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases. We studied the expression of several miRNA species (miR-200 family, miR-205 and miR-192) in the urinary sediment of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods:We studied 43 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN. Urinary expression of miRNAs was determined and compared to that from 13 healthy controls.Results:The levels of urinary miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429, but not miR-200c, miR-141, miR-205, or miR-192, were down-regulated in patients with IgAN. Proteinuria significantly correlated with urinary expression of miR-200a (r= −0.483,P< 0.001), miR-200b (r= −0.448,P= 0.001) and miR-429 (r= −0.466,P= 0.001). Baseline renal function significantly correlated with urinary expression of miR-200b (r= 0.512,P< 0.001) and miR-429 (r= 0.425, P = 0.005). Urinary gene expression of ZEB2 inversely correlated with miR-200b (r= −0.321,P= 0.017); and vimentin expression inversely correlated with that of miR-200a (r= −0.360,P= 0.007), miR-200b (r= −0.416,P= 0.002) and miR-429 (r= −0.375,P= 0.005). After 33.4 ± 12.6 months, the rate of renal function decline significantly correlated with urinary expression of miR-200b (r= 0.316,P= 0.034).Conclusions:Urinary expression of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 were down-regulated in patients with IgAN, and the degree of reduction correlated with disease severity and rate of progression. The results suggested that these miRNA species might play important roles in the pathophysiology of IgAN. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of urinary miRNA repression as a non-invasive marker of IgAN.

Background: Evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNA) play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). We explored the possibility of using urinary miRNA as non-invasive biomarkers for CKD.Methods: We quantified miRNA expression in urinary sediment of 56 CKD patients who underwent kidney biopsy. Patients were followed for 16.2 ± 15.5 months.Results: Patients with diabetic glomerulosclerosis had lower urinary miR-15 expression, while those with IgA nephropathy had higher urinary miR-17 expression, than other diagnosis groups. Baseline proteinuria had significant inverse correlation with urinary expression of miR-15, miR-192, and miR-216a; baseline renal function correlated with urinary expression of miR-15, miR-17, miR-192, and miR-217. The rate of renal function decline correlated with urinary expression of miR-21 (r= 0.301,p= 0.026) and miR-216a (r= 0.515, p < 0.0001). Patients with a high urinary expression of miR-21 and miR-216a had better dialysis-free survival than those with low expression (log rank test,p= 0.005 andp= 0.003, respectively).Conclusions: Urinary miR-21 and miR-216a expression correlated with the rate of renal function decline and risk of progression to dialysis-dependent renal failure. Our results suggest that urinary miRNA profiling has the potential of further development as biomarkers of CKD.

Background: Previous studies suggested miR-146a and miR-155 play important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. We studied intra-renal and urinary levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).Methods:Intra-renal and urinary levels of miR-146a and miR-155 are quantified in 43 patients with IgAN; the result was compared to 20 nephrectomy specimens and urine sediment of 13 healthy volunteers.Results: The levels of intra-renal and urinary levels of miR-146a and miR-155 of IgAN are significantly higher than controls. Estimated glomerular filtration rate inversely correlates with intra-renal level of miR-146a and miR-155; proteinuria positively correlates with intra-renal level of miR-146a and miR-155, as well as urinary level of miR-146a and miR-155. Intra-renal level of miR-155 significantly correlates with tubulointerstitial scarring. Urinary level of miR-146a inversely correlates with urinary expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and positively correlates with urinary expression of regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES). Urinary level of miR-155 inversely correlates with urinary expression of IL-1βand TNF-α and positively correlates with urinary expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and RANTES.Conclusion:We conclude that intra-renal and urinary levels of miR-146a and miR-155 were significantly elevated in IgAN, and the degree of upregulation correlates with clinical and histological severity of the disease. Our results suggested miR-146a and miR-155 might play an important role in the pathophysiology of IgAN.