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This study was conducted to establish the potential competing endogeneous RNA (ceRNA) network for predicting prognoses in kidney papillary renal cell carcinoma (KIRP) and explore novel therapeutic targets.The edgeR package in R was used to determine differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), based on data from The Cancer Gene Atlas Program (TCGA) and the Genotype Expression (GTEx) databases. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to filter out the mRNAs or lncRNAs that were strongly related to KIRP. The miRNAs that possibly sponged by differentially expressed RNAs lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were screened using miRcode. Starbase, miRDB, and TargetScan sets were utilized to predict target mRNAs to corresponding miRNAs. LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied for the determination of potential prognostic significance. Finally, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed.A total of 1739 DEmRNAs and 1599 DElncRNAs were identified in KIRP. WGCNA analysis suggested that DEmRNAs in the blue module and DElncRNAs in the turquoise module were closely correlated with KIRP. An 8-gene signature was constructed, which had prognostic significance and predictive value in KIRP. Of note, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network (including 18 lncRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 7 mRNAs) was established.This investigation constructed a new lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, and proposed some genes that may be novel targets, as well as a theoretical basis for the treatment of patients with KIRP.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Helichrysum armenium subsp. araxinum özütlerinin yağ asidi bileşimi, yağda çözünen vitaminleri, fenolik bileşikleri, radikal temizleme faaliyetleri, antioksidan aktivitesi ve metal şelatlama kapasitesini belirlemektir. Araştırmada palmitik asidin (C16:0) birincil yağ asidi olduğu ve (58,99±1,21%) yağda çözünen vitamin içerilerinin en düşük seviyede olduğunu belirlenmiştir. Stigmasterol ve β-sitosterol, sırasıyla 79,4 ± 1,17 ve 29,2 ± 0,87 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca mevcut çalışma, Helichrysum armenium subsp. araxinum’un en yüksek naringin içeriğine (1156,8 ± 3,57 µg / g) sahip olduğunu ayrıca yüksek miktarda vanilik asit (213,2 ± 2,32 µg / g), kafeik asit (151,6 ± 1,27 µg / g) ve ferulik asit (117,94 ± 1,26 µg / g) içeriğine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Öte yandan, Helichrysum armenium subsp. araxinum, en yüksek DPPH (10 µl hariç), ABTS radikal temizleme aktivitesi ve 100 µl’de metal şelatlama kapasitesine sahiptir.

The current state of coenotic populations of rare and endangered species of Uzbekistan Helichrysum maracandicum is given. The range of species distribution is broad. The article contains 12 cenopopulations of Helichrysum maracandicum in Uzbekistan, which have considerable healing properties. During the researches, no censorship marks were recorded in any cenopopulation. Approximately, 1, 5, 11 censorpopulations were found to be close to optimal conditions. This indicates that adequate amounts of precipitation in these areas throughout the year have a positive impact on the growth and development of the plant. Most of the cenopopulations were transmitted to younger and transient states.

In the present work the composition of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and the essential oil (EO) of Helichrysum araxinum Takht. ex Kirp. aerial parts, together with the antimicrobial activity, were investigated. The results showed the prevalence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both spontaneous emissions as well as in the EO. The main compounds of BVOCs were γ-curcumene (10.7%), γ-muurolene (9.2%), and β-selinene (8.5%). This latter constituent also showed a similar amount in the EO and represented the most abundant compounds together with α-selinene (8.0%). It is Interesting to note the same percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons (MHs) in both the aroma profile and the EO (18.0%) with the same most abundant compounds: β-pinene (6.3% in BVOCs vs. 5.1% in EO, respectively) and limonene (4.5% in VOCs vs. 4.9% in EO, respectively). With regard to the antimycotic activity, the EO showed to be inactive against the tested strains, while a moderate antibacterial activity was shown against Staphylococcus isolates.

Background: ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells However, the related prognosis and possible immune mechanisms of ACE2 in UCEC and KIRafter SAR

An account of the nine species of Pseudognaphalium occurring in Peru is provided, i.e. P. cheiranthifolium, P. dysodes, P. elegans, P. gaudichaudianum, P. lacteum, P. lanuginosum, P. luteoalbum, P. psilophyllum, and P. viravira. A number of species are placed in synonymy: Gnaphalium ecuadorense, G. ecuadorense var. boliviense, andPseudognaphalium pellitum are synonymized under P. cheiranthifolium; Gnaphalium imbaburense, G. jelskii, G. peruvianum, G. sodiroi, and Pseudognaphalium cabrerae are synonymized under P. gaudichaudianum; Gnaphalium humillimum and Pseudognaphalium dombeyanum are synonymized under P. dysodes; Gnaphalium helichrysoides and Pseudognaphalium melanosphaeroides are synonymized under P. lanuginosum; and Gnaphalium polium is synonymized under Pseudognaphalium viravira. Lectotypes are designated for Gnaphalium dombeyanum, G. elegans, G. gaudichaudianum, G. gaudichaudianum var. subrufescens, G. helichrysoides, G. jelskii, G. luteoalbum var. pallidum, G. multiceps, G. poeppigianum, and G. sodiroi. Descriptions, notes on habitat and phenology, distribution maps, full specimen citations for all taxa treated, an identification key, as well as line drawings of four of the nine species, are provided.

Pseudognaphalium es uno de los géneros de la tribu Gnaphalieae con mayor número de especies, ca. 60, distribuidas en toda América, solo algunas crecen en Asia, África y Nueva Zelandia. En América del Sur se encuentran 24 de sus especies, principalmente distribuidas a lo largo de la cordillera de los Andes, desde Venezuela hasta Argentina y Chile, sólo unas pocas se extienden hacia Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay y el noreste de la Argentina. En el presente tratamiento taxonómico y filogenético se consideran las siguientes especies de Pseudognaphalium para América del Sur: P. aldunateoides, P. cheiranthifolium, P. caeruleocanum, P. cymatoides, P. dysodes, P. elegans, P. gaudichaudianum, P. gayanum, P. glanduliferum, P. gnaphalioides, P. jujuyense, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. lanuginosum, P. leucopeplum, P. luteoalbum, P. meridanum, P. moritzianum, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum, P. viravira y P. yalaënse. El estudio de las especies sudamericanas del género Pseudognaphalium se realizó sobre la base de caracteres morfológicos (formas biológicas, tallos, hojas, inflorescencias, filarios, corolas de las flores, papus, ramas del estilo, anteras, etc.) y anatómicos (pelos de las hojas, tallos y filarios, pelos y epidermis del aquenio).

The main steps in the biosynthesis of complex secondary metabolites such as the antibiotic kirromycin are catalyzed by modular polyketide synthases (PKS) and/or nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). During antibiotic assembly, the biosynthetic intermediates are attached to carrier protein domains of these megaenzymes via a phosphopantetheinyl arm. This functional group of the carrier proteins is attached post-translationally by a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase). No experimental evidence exists about how such an activation of the carrier proteins of the kirromycin PKS/NRPS is accomplished. Here we report on the characterization of the PPTase KirP, which is encoded by a gene located in the kirromycin biosynthetic gene cluster. An inactivation of the kirP gene resulted in a 90% decrease in kirromycin production, indicating a substantial role for KirP in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic. In enzymatic assays, KirP was able to activate both acyl carrier protein and petidyl carrier domains of the kirromycin PKS/NRPS. In addition to coenzyme A (CoA), which is the natural substrate of KirP, the enzyme was able to transfer acyl-phosphopantetheinyl groups to the apo forms of the carrier proteins. Thus, KirP is very flexible in terms of both CoA substrate and carrier protein specificity. Our results indicate that KirP is the main PPTases that activates the carrier proteins in kirromycin biosynthesis.

Over the course of the twentieth century, schooling expanded dramatically in the United States; it expanded to include not only larger proportions of the population but also increasing levels of attainment. The upward reach of schooling expansion is well documented (e.g., Schofer and Meyer 2005) and at some points in history has been met with skepticism (Baker 2008). But American ambivalence toward the expansion of early childhood education is unparalleled. This is best illustrated in our slow incorporation of kindergarten into the regular school schedule. Kindergarten was first imported to the United States in the 1850s and originally included a wider range of ages. It was slowly incorporated into the public school schedule with some philosophical compromises (Tyack and Cuban 1995) and remains optional in most states. The new frontier of school expansion is the subject of two new books on the United States’ movement toward universal prekindergarten: The Sandbox Investment: The Preschool Movement and Kids-First Politics by David Kirp and Standardized Childhood: The Political and Cultural Struggle over Early Education by Bruce Fuller. These two books explore a topic that is both timely and historically interesting. In the United States, school expansion for young children has been slow and sporadic (Beatty 1995). In 1940, 43 percent of fiveand six-yearolds were enrolled in school. By 1964, that percentage had risen to 83, in 1984 to 94.5, and in 2004 to 95.4. Enrollments for threeand four-yearolds lagged behind enrollments for fiveand six-year-olds but experienced

Pseudognaphalium es uno de los géneros de la tribu Gnaphalieae con mayor número de especies, ca. 60, distribuidas en toda América, solo algunas crecen en Asia, África y Nueva Zelandia. En América del Sur se encuentran 24 de sus especies, principalmente distribuidas a lo largo de la cordillera de los Andes, desde Venezuela hasta Argentina y Chile, sólo unas pocas se extienden hacia Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay y el noreste de la Argentina. En el presente tratamiento taxonómico y filogenético se consideran las siguientes especies de Pseudognaphalium para América del Sur: P. aldunateoides, P. cheiranthifolium, P. caeruleocanum, P. cymatoides, P. dysodes, P. elegans, P. gaudichaudianum, P. gayanum, P. glanduliferum, P. gnaphalioides, P. jujuyense, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. lanuginosum, P. leucopeplum, P. luteoalbum, P. meridanum, P. moritzianum, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum, P. viravira y P. yalaënse. El estudio de las especies sudamericanas del género Pseudognaphalium se realizó sobre la base de caracteres morfológicos (formas biológicas, tallos, hojas, inflorescencias, filarios, corolas de las flores, papus, ramas del estilo, anteras, etc.) y anatómicos (pelos de las hojas, tallos y filarios, pelos y epidermis del aquenio)., Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is primarily oriented towards revealing the status of cancer cells but TCGA RNASeq data have the potential of representing gene expression for a variety of cells that are included during RNA preparation, i.e., cells that cannot be removed from the microenvironment during cancer sample isolation. Thus, we seek to determine whether RNASeq data can be used to pioneer greater precision for immunoscoring. We obtained the RNASeq results for HLA class II genes, the class II transactivator (CIITA) and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha segments. The data indicated strong degrees of correlation of HLA class II expression with TCR expression. Furthermore, biomarkers of professional antigen-presenting cells also correlated with TCR expression, with the kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) dataset indicative of the highest level, immune function microenvironment. These analyses indicate that an immune function signature, with probable internal HLA class II-TCR verifications, can be obtained from individual TCGA samples; this in turn indicates that such signatures might provide a basis for correlations with prognosis or for convenient indications of therapy options, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte availability for ex-vivo amplification. Although tumor immunoscoring has been proposed, the above analysis represents the first immunoscoring approach that correlates antigen presentation capacity with TCR mRNA expression.

Predominantemente tropical, o genero Pseudognaphalium Kirp. e reconhecido como independente de Gnaphalium L. pela maioria dos autores atuais e inclui aproximadamente 95 especies de ervas anuais, bianuais ou perenes. No Brasil, esta representado por apenas cinco especies: P. cheiranthifolium (Lam.) Hilliard & Burrt, P. gaudichaudianum (DC.) A. Anderb., P . leucopeplum (Cabrera) A. Anderb., P. luteo-album (L.) Hilliard & Burrt e P. mendocinum (Phil.) Deble & Marchiori. Neste trabalho sao propostas tres novas sinonimias para P. cheiranthifolium ( Gnaphalium erectum Vellozo, Gnaphalium riedelianum F.W. Klatt, Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium Lam. var. riedelianum (F.W. Klatt) Baker), e duas para Pseudognaphalium gaudichaudianum ( Gnaphalium regnelli Sch.-Bip., Pseudognaphalium austrobrasilicum Deble & Marchiori). Gnaphalium mendocinum Phil. e reabilitado da sinonimia de P. gaudichaudianum , sendo proposta uma nova combinacao: Pseudognaphalium mendocinum (Phil.) Deble & Marchiori. Um lectotipo para Gnaphalium erectum Vellozo e designado. Sao fornecidas chave dicotomica, sinonimias e distribuicao geografica das especies.

Com distribuicao predominantemente neotropical, o genero Pseudognaphalium Kirp. e separado de Gnaphalium s. str., pela maioria dos autores, por incluir ervas anuais, bianuais ou perenes, com capitulos oblongos ate largamente campanulados, pelas bracteas involucrais monocromaticas, pelo estereoma dividido (exceto P. oligandrum (DC.) Hilliard & Burtt), pelas flores femininas em maior numero do que as hermafroditas, dispostas em duas ou mais series, e pelos aquenios ovados ate oblongos, de paredes normalmente papilosas, com pelos esparsos clavados, do tipo “twin hairs”. Muito proximo de Achyrocline (Less.) DC., Pseudognaphalium separa-se pelo maior numero de flores nos capitulos. Das quatro especies reconhecidas para a flora sul-brasileira, Pseudognaphalium austrobrasilicum Deble & Marchiori constitui novidade para a ciencia. Sao fornecidas diagnoses, ilustracoes, distribuicao geografica, sinonimias e uma chave para a distincao das especies sul-brasileiras do genero.

“Commercialization” is an ugly word. Linguistically, it more than doubles the number of letters in “commerce” in order to convey an intensification of that activity. Academically, the notion of producing and selling for a profit is the antithesis of the cherished ideal of disinterested devotion to learning. Hence, the key phrases in the titles of the books under review—“lure of profits,” “bottom line”—carry a strongly pejorative connotation for higher education, quite the opposite of what their message would be in a book about, say, running a small business. The question marks add a smidgen of ambiguity, but the thrust is clear: commercialization in higher education is or appears to be a prominent and dangerous trend. Each of these volumes tackles important aspects of this overall phenomenon. Derek Bok’s volume lucidly explains the causes, dangers, and possible remedies for three manifestations of commercialization—intercollegiate athletics, ventures in Internet-based education, and research. Sheldon Krimsky focuses intensely on the real rat’s nest in the latter area, the biomedical sciences. Donald Stein has edited the papers from a conference at Emory University; they encompass a variety of viewpoints, including those of Bok and Krimsky. And David Kirp’s theme is at once wider and more insidious—how the values

The main steps in the biosynthesis of complex secondary metabolites such as the antibiotic kirromycin are catalyzed by modular polyketide synthases (PKS) and/or nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). During antibiotic assembly, the biosynthetic intermediates are attached to carrier protein domains of these megaenzymes via a phosphopantetheinyl arm. This functional group of the carrier proteins is attached post-translationally by a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase). No experimental evidence exists about how such an activation of the carrier proteins of the kirromycin PKS/NRPS is accomplished. Here we report on the characterization of the PPTase KirP, which is encoded by a gene located in the kirromycin biosynthetic gene cluster. An inactivation of the kirP gene resulted in a 90% decrease in kirromycin production, indicating a substantial role for KirP in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic. In enzymatic assays, KirP was able to activate both acyl carrier protein and petidyl carrier domains of the kirromycin PKS/NRPS. In addition to coenzyme A (CoA), which is the natural substrate of KirP, the enzyme was able to transfer acyl-phosphopantetheinyl groups to the apo forms of the carrier proteins. Thus, KirP is very flexible in terms of both CoA substrate and carrier protein specificity. Our results indicate that KirP is the main PPTases that activates the carrier proteins in kirromycin biosynthesis.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the book, Shakespeare, Einstein and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education, which takes a creative approach to marketing of universities to an increasingly global marketplace and an audience growing in sophistication.Design/methodology/approachThe reviewer approaches a US‐oriented volume through the eyes of an academic outside of the USA but familiar with the thematics from a broad, interdisciplinary background.FindingsBoth the author and reviewer sense that those responsible for placing their institutions in an attractive position to survive and thrive in a global economy need to look at their efforts through the eyes of professional marketers while taking a more creative and opportune approach.Originality/valueThis volume provides such a more creative and opportune approach, which will be of interest to both administration and faculty alike.

4521 Background: Papillary Renal Cell carcinomas (pRCC) are the most frequent non-clear cell RCC, commonly classified as type I and type II. MET oncogene mutations have been reported predominantly ...

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review the book, Shakespeare, Einstein and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education, which takes a creative approach to marketing of universities to an increasingly global marketplace and an audience growing in sophistication. Design/methodology/approach - The reviewer approaches a US-oriented volume through the eyes of an academic outside of the USA but familiar with the thematics from a broad, interdisciplinary background. Findings - Both the author and reviewer sense that those responsible for placing their institutions in an attractive position to survive and thrive in a global economy need to look at their efforts through the eyes of professional marketers while taking a more creative and opportune approach. Originality/value - This volume provides such a more creative and opportune approach, which will be of interest to both administration and faculty alike.

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a recently identified glycoprotein that is an important host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, both NRP1 and ACE2 express in the kidney and are associated with various renal diseases, including renal carcinoma. Therefore, the expression profiles of NRP1 and ACE2 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) patients from the various cancer databases were investigated along with their impact on patients’ survivability. In addition, coexpression analysis of genes involved in COVID-19, KIRC, and KIRP concerning NRP1 and ACE2 was performed. The results demonstrated that both t NRP1 and ACE2 expressions are upregulated in KIRC and KIRP compared to healthy conditions and are significantly correlated with the survivability rate of KIRC patients. A total of 128 COVID-19-associated genes are coexpressed, which are positively associated with NRP1 and ACE2 both in KIRC and KIRP. Therefore, it might be suggested that, along with the ACE2, high expression of the newly identified host factor NRP1 in renal carcinomas may play a vital role in the increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and survivability of COVID-19 patients suffering from kidney cancers. The findings of this investigation will be helpful for further molecular studies and prevention and/or treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients associated with renal carcinomas.

The succinate receptor, SUCNR1, has been attributed to tumor progression, metastasis, and immune response modulation upon its activation via the oncometabolite succinate. Nonetheless, little is known about the prognostic relevance of SUCNR1 and its association with tumor immune infiltrates and microbiota in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, publicly available platforms including Human Protein Atlas, cBioPortal, TIMER2.0, and TISIDB were utilized to depict a divergent implication of SUCNR1 in the immune microenvironment of clear cell RCC (KIRC) and papillary RCC (KIRP); the two major subtypes of RCC. Our results showed that the SUCNR1 expression level was augmented in RCC compared to other solid cancers, yet with opposite survival rate predictions in RCC subtypes. Consequently, a higher expression level of SUCNR1 was associated with a good disease-specific survival rate (p = 5.797 × 10−5) in KIRC patients albeit a poor prognostic prediction in KIRP patients (p = 1.9282 × 10−3). Intriguingly, SUCNR1 was mainly correlated to immunomodulators and diverse immune infiltrates in KIRP. Additionally, the SUCNR1 was mostly associated with a repertoire of microbes including beneficial bacteria that likely influenced a better disease-specific survival rate in KIRC. Our findings illustrate a significant novel subtype-specific role of SUCNR1 in RCC which potentially modulates tumor immune infiltration and microbiome signature, hence altering the prognosis of cancer patients.

You get the perfect heart health with regulated glucose levels. These gummies are the perfect blends that maintain blood pressure. It works well on metabolic rate and attributes better digestion to fat loss. You get a perfectly working digestive system that eradicates the faster fat extirpation process and a faster slimming factor. The user attains a slim outlook in a few weeks without any starvation.

You get the perfect heart health with regulated glucose levels. These gummies are the perfect blends that maintain blood pressure. It works well on metabolic rate and attributes better digestion to fat loss. You get a perfectly working digestive system that eradicates the faster fat extirpation process and a faster slimming factor. The user attains a slim outlook in a few weeks without any starvation.

There are several studies on the deregulated gene expression profiles in kidney cancer, with varying results depending on the tumor histology and other parameters. None of these, however, have identified the networks that the co-deregulated genes (co-DEGs), across different studies, create. Here, we reanalyzed 10 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) studies to detect and annotate co-deregulated signatures across different subtypes of kidney cancer or in single-gene perturbation experiments in kidney cancer cells and/or tissue. Using a systems biology approach, we aimed to decipher the networks they form along with their upstream regulators. Differential expression and upstream regulators, including transcription factors [MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD), RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit (RELA), zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 (ZMIZ1), negative elongation factor complex member E (NELFE) and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)] and protein kinases [Casein kinase 2 alpha 1 (CSNK2A1), mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 (MAPK1) and 14 (MAPK14), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Cyclin dependent kinases 1 (CDK1) and 4 (CDK4), Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) and Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)], were computed using the Characteristic Direction, as well as GEO2Enrichr and X2K, respectively, and further subjected to GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analyses. Furthermore, using CMap, DrugMatrix and the LINCS L1000 chemical perturbation databases, we highlight putative repurposing drugs, including Etoposide, Haloperidol, BW-B70C, Triamterene, Chlorphenesin, BRD-K79459005 and β-Estradiol 3-benzoate, among others, that may reverse the expression of the identified co-DEGs in kidney cancers. Of these, the cytotoxic effects of Etoposide, Catecholamine, Cyclosporin A, BW-B70C and Lasalocid sodium were validated in vitro. Overall, we identified critical co-DEGs across different subtypes in kidney cancer, and our results provide an innovative framework for their potential use in the future.

(1) Background: Many transporters of the SLC22 family (e.g., OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, URAT1, and OCTN2) are highly expressed in the kidney. They transport drugs, metabolites, signaling molecules, antioxidants, nutrients, and gut microbiome products. According to the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory, SLC22 transporters play a critical role in small molecule communication between organelles, cells and organs as well as between the body and the gut microbiome. This raises the question about the potential role of SLC22 transporters in cancer biology and treatment. (2) Results: In two renal cell carcinoma RNA-seq datasets found in TCGA, KIRC and KIRP, there were multiple differentially expressed (DE) SLC22 transporter genes compared to normal kidney. These included SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A8, SLC22A12, and SLC22A13. The patients with disease had an association between overall survival and expression for most of these DE genes. In KIRC, the stratification of patient data by pathological tumor characteristics revealed the importance of SLC22A2, SLC22A6, and SLC22A12 in disease progression. Interaction networks combining the SLC22 with ADME genes supported the centrality of SLC22 transporters and other transporters (ABCG2, SLC47A1) in disease progression. (3) Implications: The fact that many of these genes are uric acid transporters is interesting because altered uric acid levels have been associated with kidney cancer. Moreover, these genes play key roles in processing metabolites and chemotherapeutic compounds, thus making them potential therapeutic targets. Finally, our analyses raise the possibility that current approaches may undertreat certain kidney cancer patients with low SLC22 expression and only localized disease while possibly overtreating more advanced disease in patients with higher SLC22 expression. Clinical studies are needed to investigate these possibilities.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is variable across tumor types and has diverse effects on malignant progression, based on the type and number of infiltrating stromal cells. In particular, TME effector genes and their competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play a critical role in regulating malignant tumor progression. However, the core effector molecules involved in TME modulation of kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) are poorly understood. To address this question, a cohort containing 233 KIRP patients was derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the data were processed using the ESTIMATE algorithm. We further evaluated the relationship between immune scores (ISs) and stromal scores (SSs) and disease progression and found that high SSs were associated with a poor prognosis in KIRP. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were therefore screened based on SS scores, resulting in 2509 DEGs, including 1668 mRNAs, 783 long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, and 58 micro (mi)RNAs. DEGs were then filtered using the random variance and subjected to hierarchical clustering using EPCLUST. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to assess the prognostic capacity of these DEGs and identify target ceRNA networks, and lncRNA GUSBP11/miR-432-5p/CAMK2B in the turquoise module was selected as a promising ceRNA network. From this analysis CAMK2B was selected as the core gene predicted to be involved in stromal TMA regulation. We therefore explored the expression and function of CAMK2B in vitro and in vivo and provide evidence that this protein promotes stromal TME remodulation and inhibits proliferation in KIRP. Lastly, we show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)β, and close homolog of L1 (CHL1) act as downstream effectors of CAMK2B in KIRP. Thus, in this study, we show that the TME determines prognosis of KIRP patients via the core effector molecule CAMK2B, which mediates both microenvironmental remodeling and tumor progression. Based on these findings, we propose that remodeling of the stromal microenvironment could represent an improved therapeutic approach relative to immunotherapy for KIRP.

Graphical abstract, Communicable diseases (CDs) based on Health organization reported are one of the most threat for human health. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the main pandemic that nowadays it threatens the health of people around the world, especially cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease (COVID-19 ARD) on risk factors related to health of cancer patients. A review study of was conducted to base on results of various studies published. Nine hundred and eighty articles were retrieved based on various databases: Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed and BMJ. In this study, were used the results of research on COVID-19 and its effects on risk factors attributed to cancer patients. The literature signs a notable undesirable affect from COVID-19 on risk factors attributed to health of cancer patients. Result showed that transfer SARS-CoV-2 viruses can endanger health of cancer patients due to interruption of the disease treatment process and increase number of deaths between in this patents. The survey requires the need to act creating healthy conditions to continue the treatment process and vaccination coverage among these patients in order to decrease the transmission of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease and increase the success rate of cancer treatment.

Graphical abstract, Background Cox proportional hazard regression (CPH) model relies on the proportional hazard (PH) assumption: the hazard of variables is independent of time. CPH has been widely used to identify prognostic markers of the transcriptome. However, the comprehensive investigation on PH assumption in transcriptomic data has lacked. Results The whole transcriptomic data of the 9,056 patients from 32 cohorts of The Cancer Genome Atlas and the 3 lung cancer cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus were collected to construct CPH model for each gene separately for fitting the overall survival. An average of 8.5% gene CPH models violated the PH assumption in TCGA pan-cancer cohorts. In the gene interaction networks, both hub and non-hub genes in CPH models were likely to have non-proportional hazards. Violations of PH assumption for the same gene models were not consistent in 5 non-small cell lung cancer datasets (all kappa coefficients