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A new specimen of Batrachichnus salamandroides was recovered from a recently discovered fossil-bearingsite situated along the southern shore of Grand Lake, New Brunswick, among a diverse ichnofaunal assemblagefrom the Middle Pennsylvanian (upper Bolsovian; lower Moscovian), upper Minto Formation. The identity ofthe tracemaker of this ichnogenus is reinterpreted as a composite of various late Paleozoic tetrapod taxa, basedon similarities of the postcranial skeletons, notably that of the manus and pes, of both temnospondyls and some“microsaurs”. These results indicate that the tracemaker of the monospecific ichnogenus Batrachnichus is notlimited solely to a temnospondyl tracemaker, as previously interpreted, and that some “microsaurs” should alsobe considered among tracemaker candidates for this ichnotaxon., Un nouveau spécimen de Batrachichnus salamandroides a été récupéré d’un emplacement fossilifère récemment découvert le long de la rive méridionale du Grand Lac, Nouveau-Brunswick, parmi un assemblage ichnofaunique diversifié remontant au Pennsylvanien moyen (Bolsovien supérieur, Moscovien inférieur) de la partie supérieure de la Formation de Minto. On a réinterprété l’identité de l’auteur des traces de cet ichnogenre y voyant un composite de divers taxons tétrapodes du Paléozoïque tardif d’après des similarités des squelettes postcrâniens, notamment ceux des paumes et des pieds, des deux temnospondyles et de certains « microsauriens ». Ces résultats révèlent que l’auteur des traces de l’ichnogène monospécifique Batrachnichus ne se limite pas seulement à un producteur de traces temnospondyle, comme l’avaient supposé des interprétations antérieures, et que certains « microsauriens » devraient également être considérés parmi les producteurs de traces possibles de cet ichnotaxon.

Coastal ecosystems are under threat by an increasing number of natural and anthropogenic stressors. These stressors co-occur in countless combinations, raising questions in the scientific community about their combined and/or interactive effects on individuals, populations and ecosystems. Environmental management of multiple stressors is challenging, as the governance of stressors are still largely based on individual effects, despite growing evidence of interactive effects in coastal ecosystems. As a result, the field of multiple stressor research is rapidly expanding to better understand, predict and manage stressor interactions. This thesis aims to address questions surrounding deteriorating water quality, as an indication of ecosystem health, of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Land-based runoff has been identified as the greatest contributor to poor water quality in inshore marine ecosystems, such as the GBR. The three main water quality pollutants common to the GBR include pesticides, excess nutrients and suspended sediments. These pollutants originate from coastal development and agricultural practices and are transported to receiving waters via flood plumes. Following high rainfall during the Queensland wet season, GBR ecosystems are simultaneously exposed to high concentrations of pesticides, nutrients and sediments. This thesis presents a collection of related chapters that assess the effects of these three water quality stressors on coastal ecosystems.

Increasing evidence of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers’ mental health and wellbeing has prompted concerns about the longer-term impacts on healthcare delivery and health workforce sustainability. For rural health services and communities, the pandemic has compounded existing challenges including workforce shortages, potentially leading to further health inequalities. This qualitative interview study aimed to explore factors within and external to the health service environment that influenced health service staff mental health and wellbeing in rural and regional Victoria, Australia, during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Participants were recruited from nine publicly funded rural and regional health services. Semistructured interviews were conducted via videoconference, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Data were analysed using a five-stage framework approach. Eighteen health service staff from four rural areas participated in the study. A range of factors that were perceived by participants to influence their wellbeing were identified. These were coded to four main themes: (1) rural community relations, (2) the nature of the health workplace, (3) self-care and supportive networks, and (4) public health measures and the unpredictable nature of the pandemic. Factors coded to these themes were described as both positive and negative influences on health staff mental health and wellbeing. Optimising the mental health and wellbeing of rural health staff is imperative to the sustainability of this workforce during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Rural health services must consider the community and health service (meso-level), individual (microlevel), and broader pandemic context (macrolevel) when developing and implementing strategies to promote staff wellbeing. Strategies must encompass the development of senior leadership capabilities, mechanisms to support effective leadership, and optimal communication processes within health services. Given the potential for community support to positively influence rural health staff wellbeing, community engagement should be a feature of health service wellbeing strategies.

Early maths knowledge has been shown to be a strong predictor of mathematic achievement in later school years (Watts, Duncan, Siegler & Davis-Kean, 2014). Mathematic ability has also been found to be positively associated with socioeconomic status as an adult and duration in education (Ritchie & Bates, 2013). Despite its importance, maths knowledge varies greatly before school entry (Starkey, Klien & Wakeley, 2004) indicating factors outside of formal education may be fostering this variability, including the role of a home maths environment similar to that of the home literacy environment. There is mixed evidence on the role of parent cognitions in predicting children’s maths ability (Vasilyeva et al., 2018; Silver, Elliot & Libertus, 2020). There may be an additional role of home maths activities as there is evidence suggesting that maths activities in the home related to children’s maths ability but again evidence is mixed (LeFevre et al., 2009; Huntsinger, Jose & Luo, 2016). The aim is to investigate whether there is a relation between children’s maths ability and parent cognitions as well as a relation between home maths activities and to then assess whether parent cognitions can explain variance in children’s maths ability over and above home maths activities. Looking at the role of these two potential factors in predicting children's maths ability can help to improve understanding and build on the concept of a home maths environment.

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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-joo-10.1177_14653125221077108 for Postgraduate student perceptions of face-to-face and distance education in orthodontics: A cross-sectional qualitative study by Olivia Johnson King, Fiona Ryan and Susan Cunningham in Journal of Orthodontics

S1 provides a detailed methodology of the multi-stressor exposure assays in which the non-linear modelling was based off.; S2 presents a sensitivity analysis, where various model-validation scenarios were run to investigate the accuracy detected stressor interaction types.

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Supplementary Material 1

Introduction: Identifying priority research topics that meet the needs of multiple stakeholders should maximize research investment. Aim: To identify priorities for health education research. Methods: A three-stage sequential mixed methods study was conducted. Priorities for health education research were identified through a qualitative survey with 104 students, patients, academics, and clinicians across five health sciences and 12 professions (stage 1). These findings were analyzed using framework analysis and transposed into a quantitative survey whereby 780 stakeholders rated and ranked the identified priorities. Descriptive statistics identified priorities, exploratory factor analysis grouped priorities and differences between stakeholders were determined using Mann–Whitney U tests (stage 2). Six individual or group interviews with 16 participants (stage 3) further explicated the results from previous stages. Results: Of 30 priorities identified, the top were: how best to ensure students develop the required skills for work; how to promote resiliency and well-being in students; and ensuring the curriculum prepares students for work. For the majority of priorities, no significant differences were found between different stakeholder groups. Conclusions: These findings will be used to inform health educational research strategy both locally and nationally. Further research should explore if setting priorities can be translated effectively into education research policy and practice.

The ichnogenus Kouphichnium and associated ichnofossils attributed to xiphosuran activity are here re-examined from samples collected from the Pennsylvanian-aged Steven C. Minkin Fossil Site at the Union Chapel Mine, in Walker County, Alabama, USA. The large sample size offers an unique opportunity to evaluate some Kouphichnium ichnospecies. Thus, the morphological variability resulting from the taphonomic, ethological, taxonomic variability and underprint fallout are evaluated using this large sample set. Three morphotypes have been segregated from the material previously assigned to K. aspodon discovered at this and adjacent sites. Ichnospecies of Kouphichnium identified at the Union Chapel Mines site include: K. lithographicum, K. aspodon and two new ichnospecies (K. atkinsoni and K. minkinensis). Additionally, Kouphichnium-like traces that are associated with “jumper” traces have been previously misinterpreted as Kouphichnium and Selenichnites, respectively, and are excluded from this study, leaving them in open nomenclature as they will be the subject of a subsequent publication. We here redescribe the holotype of K. aspodon and designate lectoparatypes to better define the ichnospecies. New trace makers for some Kouphichnium ichnospecies are hypothesized, in contrast to the traditional xiphosuran attribution.

The ichnogenus Kouphichnium and associated ichnofossils attributed to xiphosuran activity are here re-examined from samples collected from the Pennsylvanian-age Steven C. Minkin Fossil Site at the Union Chapel Mine, in Walker County, Alabama, USA. The large sample size offers an unique opportunity to evaluate some Kouphichnium ichnospecies. Thus, the morphological variability resulting from the taphonomic, ethological, taxonomic variability and underprint fallout are evaluated using this large sample set. Three morphotypes have been segregated from the material previously assigned to K. aspodon discovered at this and adjacent sites. Ichnospecies of Kouphichnium identified at the Union Chapel Mine site include: K. lithographicum, K. aspodon and two new ichnospecies (K. atkinsoni and K. minkinensis). Additionally, Kouphichnium-like traces that are associated with “jumper” traces have been previously misinterpreted as Kouphichnium and Selenichnites, respectively, and are excluded from this study, leaving them in open nomenclature as they will be the subject of a subsequent publication. We here redescribe the holotype of K. aspodon and designate lectoparatypes to better define the ichnospecies. New trace makers for some Kouphichnium ichnospecies are hypothesized, in contrast to the traditional xiphosuran attribution.

Background: The health professions have progressed and evolved considerably over the last few decades in response to demographic, technological, societal and political changes. They continue to do so as the volume and complexity of population health needs steadily increase. Role boundary expansion is among the key changes to the health professions, including podiatry to meet demand. Nonetheless podiatry's role boundary expansion has not been achieved swiftly or without resistance from neighbouring and dominant professions. This paper seeks to explain the nature of this resistance with respect to the sociology of the professions literature and to shed light on some of the factors and processes at play when role boundary changes arise in health care. Discussion: Six of the most contemporaneously relevant sociology of the professions theories are summarised: Taxonomic, Marxian, Bourdieusian, Foucauldian, Boundary Work and Neo-Weberian paradigms. Conclusion: This review highlights that some paradigms are more relevant than others in the current socio-political landscape. It also illustrates that there is a common theme underlying each approach to defining the professions and their boundaries: competition. This may help health professionals, including podiatrists, to understand and manage the challenges and resistance experienced when professions attempt to expand role boundaries to meet increasing and changing population health needs.

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