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OBJECTIVES Late presentation (LP) to HIV care disproportionally affects individuals from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We explored the reasons for late presentation to care among this group of patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. METHODS The prevalence of LP was compared between patients from Western Europe (WE) and those from SSA enrolled between 2009 and 2012. Patients were asked about HIV testing, including access to testing and reasons for deferring it, during face-to-face interviews. RESULTS The proportion of LP was 45.8% (435/950) among patients from WE, and 64.6% (126/195) among those from SSA (P

The phenotype of deafness and its mechanisms are morphologically and electrophysiologically well characterised. However, the molecular mechanisms and the consequences of deafness are poorly understood.In this study we investigated changes in gene expression profiles in subfractions of the cochlea and the colliculus inferior, a non-cochlear tissue, of normal and deafened (10 % Neomycin) rats using the gene-array-technology. RNA was prepared from modiolus (Mo) und sensorineural epithel/lateral wall (SnE/Lw) und Colliculus inferior (IC), reverse transcribed with gene specific primers, labeled with (32)P-dATP and hybridised with its complementary sequences of 1200 rat ESTs.Similar gene expression profiles were detected in Mo- and SnE/Lw in normal as well in deafened rats differing significantly from those found in IC. In deafened animals differences in mRNA levels were determined in IC for 8 genes, in Mo für 17 genes and in SnE/Lw for 25 genes in comparison to those of normal rats. By using gene-arrays many genes described in the literature previously could be detected. Otherwise most of the genes found in the cochlea are unknown.The gene-array-technology is a valuable tool in otological research for gene expression analysis and, therefore, for comprehensive understanding of molecular processes in the inner ear. Furthermore gene screening for candidate genes could be a big step ahead in developing therapies of diseases of the inner ear.

The pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of ketoprofen after oral administration of 12.5 mg, 25 mg and 50 mg and i.v. administration of 50 mg racemic ketoprofen to 24 healthy subjects were investigated. The AUC values of R- (r2 = 0.929) and S-ketoprofen (r2 = 0.930) were proportional to dose. The absolute bioavailability of the 50 mg oral dose was 84.5 (s.d. 20.6) % and 81.4 (18.0) % for R-ketoprofen and S-ketoprofen, respectively. With the exception of AUC values no dose dependent differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed. However, the R-enantiomer had higher AUC, lower clearance data and higher Cmax values than the S-form after oral administration. The results suggest that stereochemical and pharmacokinetic considerations cannot explain the lack of dose response observed with ketoprofen doses below 50 mg.

Die wirtschaftliche Verwertung der mit unterschiedlichen Kohle-Gehalten anfallenden Schlamme ist ein technologisches Problem. Versuche, diese Schlamme im Gemisch mit Brennolen zur Energieerzeugung heranzuziehen, haben zu ersten Erfolgen gefuhrt, dabei aber gleichzeitig erkennen lassen, das dieser Verbrennungsprozes insbesondere von dem physikalischen Verhalten der entstehenden grobdispersen Dreistoffgemische begrenzt wird. Die vorliegende Untersuchung befast sich mit der Abhangigkeit des Flie-verhaltens der Kohle/Wasser/Ol-Suspensionen vom Kohle- und Wasser-Gehalt, von Menge und Art der Olkomponente, von den Kohle-Eigenschaften und der Betriebsdauer. Die Einzelergebnisse werden zu einer Charakterisierung des Fliesverhaltens in Abhangigkeit von der Gemischzusammensetzung in Dreieckkoordinaten zusammengefa-t.