Search

This study used a consumer survey to identify resources and services that are important to farmers’ market (FM) shoppers. The questionnaire was distributed onsite in six FMs in Tennessee, and a total of 506 FM shoppers responded. The most important resources and services in terms of a shopper’s decision to visit a FM are identified as supporting local food, quality, friendly, and diverse vendors, and food origin. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) reveals that convenience and close to home are more important to women, price is more important to younger and lower-income shoppers, while quality, convenience, interaction with farmers/producers, and food origin are more important to older shoppers. Content analysis indicated that FM shoppers were impressed with FM atmosphere and liked the quality, variety, and convenience provided by FMs, but disliked not having clear information such as product labels and websites.

Aim: Recent evidence suggests that arterial hypertension could be alternatively explained as a physiological adaptation response to water shortage, termed aestivation, which relies on complex multi-organ metabolic adjustments to prevent dehydration. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chronic water loss across diseased skin leads to similar adaptive water conservation responses as observed in experimental renal failure or high salt diet. Methods: We studied mice with keratinocyte-specific overexpression of IL-17A which develop severe psoriasis-like skin disease. We measured transepidermal water loss and solute and water excretion in the urine. We quantified glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by intravital microscopy, and energy and nitrogen pathways by metabolomics. We measured skin blood flow and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in conjunction with renal resistive indices and arterial blood pressure. Results: Psoriatic animals lost large amounts of water across their defective cutaneous epithelial barrier. Metabolic adaptive water conservation included mobilization of nitrogen and energy from muscle to increase organic osmolyte production, solute-driven maximal anti-diuresis at normal GFR, increased metanephrine and angiotensin 2 levels, and cutaneous vasoconstriction to limit TEWL. Heat exposure led to cutaneous vasodilation and blood pressure normalization without parallel changes in renal resistive index, albeit at the expense of further increased TEWL. Conclusion: Severe cutaneous water loss predisposes psoriatic mice to lethal dehydration. In response to this dehydration stress, the mice activate aestivation-like water conservation motifs to maintain their body hydration status. The circulatory water conservation response explains their arterial hypertension. The nitrogen-dependency of the metabolic water conservation response explains their catabolic muscle wasting. © 2021 The Authors. Acta Physiologica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Physiological Society.

Surface chemistry modification of positive electrodes has been used widely to decrease capacity loss during Li-ion battery cycling. Recent work shows that coupled LiPF6 decomposition and carbonate dehydrogenation is enhanced by increased metal-oxygen covalency associated with increasing Ni and/or lithium de-intercalation in metal oxide electrode, which can be responsible for capacity fading of Ni-rich oxide electrodes. Here we examined the reactivity of lithium nickel, manganese, cobalt oxide (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, NMC622) modified by coating of Al2O3, Nb2O5 and TiO2 with a 1 M LiPF6 carbonate-based electrolyte. Cycling measurements revealed that Al2O3-coated NMC622 showed the least capacity loss during cycling to 4.6 VLi compared to Nb2O5-, TiO2- coated and uncoated NMC622, which was in agreement with smallest electrode impedance growth during cycling from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Ex-situ infrared spectroscopy of charged Nb2O5- and TiO2-coated NMC622 pellets (without carbon nor binder) revealed blue peak shifts of 10 cm−1, indicative of dehydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC), but not for Al2O3-coated NMC622. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) of charged TiO2-coated NMC622 electrodes (carbon-free and binder-free) showed greater salt decomposition with the formation of lithium-nickel-titanium oxyfluoride species, which was in agreement with ex-situ infrared spectroscopy showing greater blue shifts of P-F peaks with increased charged voltages, indicative of species with less F-coordination than salt PF6− anion on the electrode surface. Greater salt decomposition was coupled with the increasing dehydrogenation of EC with higher coating content on the surface. This work shows that Al2O3 coating on NMC622 is the most effective in reducing carbonate dehydrogenation and accompanied salt decomposition and rendering minimum capacity loss relative to TiO2 and Nb2O5 coating.

Aims The hypothesis of this study was that bone peg fixation in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus would show satisfactory clinical and radiological results, without complications. Methods Between September 2014 and July 2017, 25 patients with symptomatic osteochondritis of the talus and an osteochondral fragment, who were treated using bone peg fixation, were analyzed retrospectively. All were available for complete follow-up at a mean 22 of months (12 to 35). There were 15 males and ten females with a mean age of 19.6 years (11 to 34). The clinical results were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score preoperatively and at the final follow-up. The radiological results were evaluated using classification described by Hepple et al based on the MRI findings, the location of the lesion, the size of the osteochondral fragment, and the postoperative healing of the lesion. Results The mean VAS and AOFAS score improved significantly from 6.3 (4 to 8) and 70.6 (44 to 78) preoperatively to 1.6 (0 to 5) and 91.1 (77 to 100) at the final follow-up, respectively (p < 0.001). The classification on MRI was stage 2a in nine patients, stage 3 in 14, and stage 4 in two. The lesion was located on the posteromedial aspect of the dome of the talus in 19 patients, the anterolateral aspect in five, and the centrolateral aspect in one. The mean size of the fragment was 11.2 mm (5 to 20) horizontally, 10.4 mm (7 to 18) vertically, and 5.2 mm (3 to 10) deep, respectively. The postoperative healing state was good in 19 patients and fair in six. Conclusion Bone peg fixation for osteochondral lesions of the talus showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results, without complications. This technique could be a good form of treatment for patients with this condition who have an osteochondral fragment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(10):1349–1353.

Die Expression des Proliferations- und Wachstumsfaktors Progranulin (GP88) wurde bisher nicht umfassend für Prostatakarzinom (PCa)-Patienten untersucht. Das Ziel unserer Untersuchungen ist es, die Proteinexpression von GP88 in PCa-Proben mittels Immunhistochemie (IHC) zu charakterisieren und die[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 46. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie

SE-WS 2020: Software Engineering workshops 2020 : combined proceedings of the workshops at Software Engineering 2020, co-located with the German Software Engineering Conference 2020 (SE 2020) : Innsbruck, Österreich, March 05, 2020 / edited by Regina Hebig (Chalmers/University of Gothenburg, Sweden), Robert Heinrich (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Germany) 7. Collaborative Workshop on Evolution and Maintenance of Long-Living Systems, EMLS 2020, Innsbruck, Austria, 25 Feb 2020 - 25 Feb 2020 German Software Engineering Conference, SE-WS 2020, Innsbruck, Germany, 24 Feb 2020 - 28 Feb 2020; Aachen, Germany : RWTH Aachen, CEUR workshop proceedings 2581, 2 Seiten (2020)., Published by RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

Objective: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the potential of electrically-induced pupil responses as an objective parameter for the function of retinal neurons. In particular, the pupillary reactions to diverse stimulation frequencies were analyzed to investigate the possibility of cell-specific[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Artificial Vision 2019

The Digital Revolution, including technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, additive manufacturing or 3D-printing, (general purpose) artificial intelligence, or the Internet of Things, has entered the public discourse in many countries. Looking back, it is almost impossible to believe that digitalization is barely featured in the 2030 Agenda or the Paris Agreement. It is increasingly clear that digital changes, we refer to them as the Digital Revolution, are becoming a key driving force in societal transformation. The transformation towards sustainability for all must be harmonized with the threats, opportunities and dynamics of the Digital Revolution, the goals of the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement. At the same time, the digital transformation will radically alter all dimensions of global societies and economies and will therefore change the interpretation of the sustainability paradigm itself. Digitalization is not only an ‘instrument’ to resolve sustainability challenges, it is also fundamental as a driver of disruptive change. This report that focuses on the Digital Revolution is the second one by The World in 2050 (TWI2050) that was established by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and other partners to provide scientific foundations for the 2030 Agenda. This report is based on the voluntary and collaborative effort of more than 50 authors and contributors from about 20 institutions, and some 100 independent experts from academia, business, government, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations from all the regions of the world, who met four times at IIASA to develop science-based strategies and pathways toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Presentations of the TWI2050 approach and work have been made at many international meetings such as the United Nations Science, Technology and Innovation Forums and the United Nations High-level Political Forums. In 2018, the first report by TWI2050 on Transformations to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals identified Six Exemplary Transformations needed to achieve the SDGs and long-term sustainability to 2050 and beyond: i) Human Capacity & Demography; ii) Consumption & Production; iii) Decarbonization & Energy, iv) Food, Biosphere & Water; v) Smart Cities and vi) Digital Revolution. The focus of this report is the Sixth Transformation, The Digital Revolution. Although it is arguably the single greatest enabler of sustainable development, it has, in the past, helped create many negative externalities like transgression of planetary boundaries. Progress on the SDGs will be facilitated if we can build and implement detailed science, technology and innovation (STI) roadmaps at all levels that range from local to global. STI is a forceful driver of change connected to all 17 SDGs. The Digital Revolution provides entirely new and enhanced capacities and thus serves as a major force in shaping both the systemic context of transformative change and future solutions; at the same time it potentially carries strong societal disruptive power if not handled with caution, care, and innovativeness. This report assesses all the positive potential benefits digitalization brings to sustainable development for all. It also highlights the potential negative impacts and challenges going forward, particularly for those impacted by the ‘digital divide’ that excludes primarily people left behind during the Industrial Revolution like the billion that go hungry every night and the billion who do not have access to electricity. The report outlines the necessary preconditions for a successful digital transformation, including prosperity, social inclusion, environmental sustainability and good governance. Importantly it outlines some of the dramatic social implications associated with an increasingly digital future. It also covers a topic that so far has not been sufficiently dealt with in the cross-over discussions between sustainability and the Digital Revolution, that is, the considerations about related governance aspects.

The Digital Revolution, including technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, additive manufacturing or 3D-printing, (general purpose) artificial intelligence, or the Internet of Things, has entered the public discourse in many countries. Looking back, it is almost impossible to believe that digitalization is barely featured in the 2030 Agenda or the Paris Agreement. It is increasingly clear that digital changes, we refer to them as the Digital Revolution, are becoming a key driving force in societal transformation. The transformation towards sustainability for all must be harmonized with the threats, opportunities and dynamics of the Digital Revolution, the goals of the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement. At the same time, the digital transformation will radically alter all dimensions of global societies and economies and will therefore change the interpretation of the sustainability paradigm itself. Digitalization is not only an ‘instrument’ to resolve sustainability challenges, it is also fundamental as a driver of disruptive change. This report that focuses on the Digital Revolution is the second one by The World in 2050 (TWI2050) that was established by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and other partners to provide scientific foundations for the 2030 Agenda. This report is based on the voluntary and collaborative effort of more than 50 authors and contributors from about 20 institutions, and some 100 independent experts from academia, business, government, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations from all the regions of the world, who met four times at IIASA to develop science-based strategies and pathways toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Presentations of the TWI2050 approach and work have been made at many international meetings such as the United Nations Science, Technology and Innovation Forums and the United Nations High-level Political Forums. In 2018, the first report by TWI2050 on Transformations to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals identified Six Exemplary Transformations needed to achieve the SDGs and long-term sustainability to 2050 and beyond: i) Human Capacity Demography; ii) Consumption Production; iii) Decarbonization Energy, iv) Food, Biosphere Water; v) Smart Cities and vi) Digital Revolution. The focus of this report is the Sixth Transformation, The Digital Revolution. Although it is arguably the single greatest enabler of sustainable development, it has, in the past, helped create many negative externalities like transgression of planetary boundaries. Progress on the SDGs will be facilitated if we can build and implement detailed science, technology and innovation (STI) roadmaps at all levels that range from local to global. STI is a forceful driver of change connected to all 17 SDGs. The Digital Revolution provides entirely new and enhanced capacities and thus serves as a major force in shaping both the systemic context of transformative change and future solutions; at the same time it potentially carries strong societal disruptive power if not handled with caution, care, and innovativeness. This report assesses all the positive potential benefits digitalization brings to sustainable development for all. It also highlights the potential negative impacts and challenges going forward, particularly for those impacted by the ‘digital divide’ that excludes primarily people left behind during the Industrial Revolution like the billion that go hungry every night and the billion who do not have access to electricity. The report outlines the necessary preconditions for a successful digital transformation, including prosperity, social inclusion, environmental sustainability and good governance. Importantly it outlines some of the dramatic social implications associated with an increasingly digital future. It also covers a topic that so far has not been sufficiently dealt with in the cross-over discussions between sustainability and the Digital Revolution, that is, the considerations about related governance aspects.

Item does not contain fulltext Digital filtering is the process of transforming a discretely sampled input signal into an output signal, such that certain spectral characteristics of the input signal are lost, while others are retained. In neuroscience, it is performed on time series that represent electrophysiological or hemodynamic signals measured over time. Whereas analog filters are applied online and implemented as electronic circuits, digital filters are applied off-line and implemented in software.

Insulin-producing β cells become dedifferentiated during diabetes progression. An impaired ability to select substrates for oxidative phosphorylation, or metabolic inflexibility, initiates progression from β-cell dysfunction to β-cell dedifferentiation. The identification of pathways involved in dedifferentiation may provide clues to its reversal. Here we isolate and functionally characterize failing β cells from various experimental models of diabetes and report a striking enrichment in the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 isoform A3 (ALDH+) as β cells become dedifferentiated. Flow-sorted ALDH+ islet cells demonstrate impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, are depleted of Foxo1 and MafA, and include a Neurogenin3-positive subset. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrates that ALDH+ cells are characterized by: (i) impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial complex I, IV and V; (ii) activated RICTOR; and (iii) progenitor cell markers. We propose that impaired mitochondrial function marks the progression from metabolic inflexibility to dedifferentiation in the natural history of β-cell failure., Diabetes is associated with the de-differentiation of β-cells into a more progenitor-like cell type. Here, the authors identify Aldh3 as a marker of de-differentiating β-cell in animal models of diabetes, and show Aldh3+ cells have impaired insulin secretion and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction contributes to onset and progression of type 2 diabetes. In this state β-cells become metabolically inflexible, losing the ability to select between carbohydrates and lipids as substrates for mitochondrial oxidation. These changes lead to β-cell dedifferentiation. We have proposed that FoxO proteins are activated through deacetylation-dependent nuclear translocation to forestall the progression of these abnormalities. However, how deacetylated FoxO exert their actions remains unclear. To address this question, we analyzed islet function in mice homozygous for knock-in alleles encoding deacetylated FoxO1 (6KR). Islets expressing 6KR mutant FoxO1 have enhanced insulin secretion in vivo and ex vivo and decreased fatty acid oxidation ex vivo. Remarkably, the gene expression signature associated with FoxO1 deacetylation differs from wild type by only ∼2% of the >4000 genes regulated in response to re-feeding. But this narrow swath includes key genes required for β-cell identity, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial fatty acid and solute transport. The data support the notion that deacetylated FoxO1 protects β-cell function by limiting mitochondrial lipid utilization and raise the possibility that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in β-cells is beneficial to diabetes treatment.

The close association of myelinated axons and their myelin sheaths involves numerous intercellular molecular interactions. For example, myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) mediates myelin‐to‐axon adhesion and signalling via molecules on the axonal surface. However, knowledge about intracellular binding partners of myelin proteins, including MAG, has remained limited. The two splice isoforms of MAG, S‐ and L‐MAG, display distinct cytoplasmic domains and spatiotemporal expression profiles. We used yeast two‐hybrid screening to identify interaction partners of L‐MAG and found the dynein light chain DYNLL1 (also termed dynein light chain 8). DYNLL1 homodimers are known to facilitate dimerization of target proteins. L‐MAG and DYNLL1 associate with high affinity, as confirmed with recombinant proteins in vitro. Structural analyses of the purified complex indicate that the DYNLL1‐binding segment is localized close to the L‐MAG C terminus, next to the Fyn kinase Tyr phosphorylation site. The crystal structure of the complex between DYNLL1 and its binding segment on L‐MAG shows 2 : 2 binding in a parallel arrangement, indicating a heterotetrameric complex. The homology between L‐MAG and previously characterized DYNLL1‐ligands is limited, and some details of binding site interactions are unique for L‐MAG. The structure of the complex between the entire L‐MAG cytoplasmic domain and DYNLL1, as well as that of the extracellular domain of MAG, were modelled based on small‐angle X‐ray scattering data, allowing structural insights into L‐MAG interactions on both membrane surfaces. Our data imply that DYNLL1 dimerizes L‐MAG, but not S‐MAG, through the formation of a specific 2 : 2 heterotetramer. This arrangement is likely to affect, in an isoform‐specific manner, the functions of MAG in adhesion and myelin‐to‐axon signalling.

Objective: To investigate the value of S100b protein (S100) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in prognosticating outcome in patients with high grade aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Between 2012- 2014, patients SAH (Hunt & Hess grade 3-5) who were admitted within 24 hours [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 68. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 7. Joint Meeting mit der Society of British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS)

Die mikroRNA miR-143 ist eine vielfach beschriebene tumor-suppressive miRNA und ihre Expression ist in vielen Tumorentitäten, wie auch dem Prostatakarzinom, stark reduziert. Kürzlich beschrieben wir den Urokinase Plasminogen Aktivator Rezeptor (uPAR) als überexprimiert im Serum von PCa[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 43. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie und der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

Einleitung: Die histomorphologische Subklassifizierung der Subtypen 1 und 2 des papillären Nierenzellkarzinoms (pRCC) hat entscheidend dazu beigetragen, die Genauigkeit von Patientenbezogenen Langzeitprognosen zu erhöhen. Wir erstellten kürzlich vollständige mikroRNA (miRNA) Expressionsprofile[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 42. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie

The complete multipartite graph Kn(2t) having n partite sets of size 2t, with n ≥ 6 and t ≥ 1, is shown to have a decomposition into gregarious 6-cycles, that is, the cycles which have at most one vertex from any particular partite set. Complete sets of differences of numbers in Zn are used to produce starter cycles and obtain other cycles by rotating the cycles around the n-gon of the partite sets.

An algebra is called term-linear if every term is equal to a linear term or a constant and every n-ary linear term is essential. The term-linearity is a generalization of the linearity of polynomials over ordinary linear algebras or vector spaces. In this paper, as a sequel to a previous paper, we present an explicit normal form for terms over an affine space over GF(3) by binary trees, which shows that the word problem for affine spaces over GF(3) is solvable. Using this normal form, we count the number of all essentially n-ary linear terms and apply the Csákány formula to show that an affine space over GF(3) is term-linear.

This study was performed to verify reports of the decreased accuracy of endorectal ultrasonography (EUS) in preoperative staging of rectal cancer, and to compare the efficacy of 3-dimensional (3D) EUS with that of 2-dimensional (2D) EUS and computed tomography (CT).Eighty-six consecutive rectal cancer patients undergoing curative surgery were evaluated by 2D EUS, 3D EUS, and CT scan.The accuracy in T-staging was 78% for 3D EUS, 69% for 2D EUS, and 57% for CT (P.001-.002), whereas the accuracy in evaluating lymph node metastases was 65%, 56%, and 53%, respectively (P.001-.006). Examiner errors were the most frequent cause of misinterpretation, occurring in 47% of 2D EUS examinations and in 65% of 3D EUS examinations. By eliminating examiner errors, the accuracy rates in T-staging and lymph node evaluation could be improved to 88% and 76%, respectively, for 2D EUS, and to 91% and 90%, respectively, for 3D EUS. Conical protrusions along the deep tumor border on 3D images were correlated closely with infiltration grade, advanced T-stage, and lymph node metastasis.We found that 3D EUS showed greater accuracy than 2D EUS or CT in rectal cancer staging and lymph node metastases. Concrete 3D images based on tumor biology appear to provide more accurate information on tumor progression.

Aims . There are few studies reporting survival or recurrence patterns in colorectal cancer patients with inferior mesenteric lymph node metastasis (IMLN+). The present study evaluated the prognostic significance of patients being IMLN+ or IMLN− in colorectal cancer. Methods . Survival, recurrence pattern and treatment protocols were compared between 63 IMLN+ patients and 108 IMLN− patients with stage III and IV rectal and sigmoid cancer undergoing curative surgery. Lymph node sampling was routinely performed prior to inferior mesenteric artery ligation and excision flush with aorta. Limited principal node dissection including IMLN was performed in cases of identified node metastasis. Results . The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 50% in IMLN− and 31% in IMLN+ patients ( P =0.004). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was greater in the N1 group than the N2 group ( P =0.038). Cox regression analysis showed IMLN+, lymphovascular tumour invasion, T4, M1, and pre-operative serum CEA level over 6 ng/ml were independently associated with unfavorable disease-free survival. The prognostic significance of M category was greater when the IMLN+ was included in the M1 as opposed to the N category. In patients undergoing absolute curative surgery, post-operative recurrence rates were 34% for IMLN− and 57% for IMLN+ patients ( P =0.009; OR, 2.611; 95% CI, 1.313–5.194). For IMLN+ patients, post-operative adjuvant treatment independently correlated with disease-free survival ( P =0.029). Conclusions . IMLN+ is an independent survival factor enhancing the prognostic significance of the M category in the AJCC staging. Curative radical surgery and post-operative chemoradiotherapy appears to be warranted for IMLN+ colorectal cancer patients as it resulted in 5-year disease-free survival rates of up to 31% compared to 50% in IMLN− patients.

The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and the effects of types of media and growth phase of the cells on the cellular GSH level have been determined. Correlation between reduced glutathione sulphydryl level and antioxidative ability of Lactobacillus spp. was analyzed: Lactobacillus casei HY 2782 contained 25.15 µmole/g of GSH, the cellular GSH level of L. casei HY 2782 reached maximum after 24 h of cultivation and tended to decrease on further cultivation up to 72 h. There was a significantly higher level of cellular GSH when grown in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth than in tryptone phytone yeast extract (TPY) broth or bromcresol pruple dextrose (BCP) broth (p

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare a newly developed biodegradable polylactide/polyglycolide/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (PLGA/NMP) membrane with a standard resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) in combination with and without the use of a bone substitute material (deproteinized bovine bone mineral [DBBM]) looking at the proposed tenting effect and bone regeneration. Materials and methods: In five adult German sheepdogs, the mandibular premolars P2, P3, P4, and the molar M1 were bilaterally extracted creating two bony defects on each site. A total of 20 dental implants were inserted and allocated to four different treatment modalities within each dog: PLGA/NMP membrane only (Test 1), PLGA/NMP membrane with DBBM (Test 2), RCM only (negative control), and RCM with DBBM (positive control). A histomorphometric analysis was performed 12 weeks after implantation. For statistical analysis, a Friedman test and subsequently a Wilcoxon signed ranks test were applied. Results: In four out of five PLGA/NMP membrane-treated defects, the membranes had broken into pieces without the support of DBBM. This led to a worse outcome than in the RCM group. In combination with DBBM, both membranes revealed similar amounts of area of bone regeneration and bone-to-implant contact without significant differences. On the level of the third implant thread, the PLGA/NMP membrane induced more horizontal bone formation beyond the graft than the RCM. Conclusion: The newly developed PLGA/NMP membrane performs equally well as the RCM when applied in combination with DBBM. Without bone substitute material, the PLGA/NMP membrane performed worse than the RCM in challenging defects, and therefore, a combination with a bone substitute material is recommended.

The study of paramedial groupoids (with Emphasis on the structure of simple paramedial groupoids) was initiated in [1] and continued in [2], [3] and [5]. The aim of the present paper is to give a full description of finite simple zeropotent paramedial groupoids (i.e., of finite simple paramedial groupoids of Type (II)—see [2]).

This case report describes a minimally invasive step-by-step approach to treat a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta. This is a genetic developmental disorder of the dental enamel, which clinically manifests as white and dark discolorations of the teeth. The clinical examination did not reveal the true depth of the staining. Therefore, a step-wise treatment approach was chosen. The first step consisted of a home bleaching procedure, which led to a slight improvement of the esthetic appearance, but the stains were still clearly visible. The next step was the application of a microabrasion technique. This led to further improvement, but not to a satisfactory result for this patient who had high esthetic expectations. Thus, the third step was undertaken: it was planned to restore the maxillary incisors and canines with ceramic veneers. The dental technician prepared a wax-up, which served as a basis for a clinical mock-up. After discussing the mock-up and the treatment plan with the patient, crown lengthening was performed on teeth 11 and 23 to improve the pink esthetics. Subsequently, the teeth were prepared in a minimally invasive way and a final impression was taken. Following try-in, the six veneers were inserted with resin cement.