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We provided the first record of Valerianella multidentata Loscos & Pardo for the flora of Andalusia (south of Spain). The specimen was collected during fieldwork in the southwest of Cordoba province. This new population illustrates a remarkable expansion of the species' geographic range very disjunct from its northeastern distribution core. The main morphological differences of the achenes between Valerianella multidentata and its relatives (V. coronata and V. discoidea) are provided. A geographical distribution map and detailed pictures of the specimen are also presented.

Tras la revisión de los materiales del género Veronica L. conservados en el herbario COFC, se aportan dos novedades corológicas para la flora regional y nacional: se cita por primera vez Veronica acinifolia L. en la provincia de Córdoba, que es también el primer registro de la especie para la flora andaluza, y se añade V. peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell, recolectada también en Córdoba, a la flora ibérica.

Valerianella (cornsalad) is a taxonomically complex genus formed by 50–65 annual Holarctic species classified into at least four main sections. Carpological traits (sizes and shapes of achenes and calyx teeth) have been used to characterize its sections and species. However, the potential systematic value of these traits at different taxonomic ranks (from sections to species (and infraspecific taxa)) has not been tested phylogenetically yet. Here, we have assessed the evolutionary systematic value of Valerianella diagnostic carpological traits at different hierarchical ranks and have demonstrated their ability to separate taxa at the sectional level but not at species level for species of several species pairs. A total of 426 individuals (17 species, 4 sections) of Valerianella were analyzed using AFLP and plastid data. Genetic clusters, phylogenetic trees, and haplotype networks support the taxonomic classification of Valerianella at the four studied sectional levels (V. sects. Valerianella, Cornigerae, Coronatae, Platycoelae) but show admixture for ten taxa from five species pairs (V. locusta—V. carinata, V. coronata—V. pumila, V. multidentata—V. discoidea, V. dentata—V. rimosa, V. eriocarpa—V. microcarpa), which are not reciprocally monophyletic. Dating analyses indicate that the Valerianella sections are relatively old (mid-Miocene), while most species diverged in the Pliocene–Pleistocene. A new section Valerianella sect. Stipitae is described to accommodate the highly divergent and taxonomically distinct V. fusiformis type species. Taxonomic treatments that recognize the sectional ranks and that subsume the separate species of each species pair into single species represent a natural classification for Valerianella., This work has been supported by a Spanish Government grant project CGL005-25122-E to J. A. Devesa, a co-funded Spanish Aragón Government and European Social Fund grant to the University of Zaragoza BIOFLORA research group, and a BBVA Foundation post-doctorate fellowship to E. Pérez-Collazos.

The taxonomic boundaries of Centaurea L. species and infraspecific taxa are often blurred by hybridizations. However, counterbalancing genetic isolation contributes to maintaining taxonomic limits and fostering rapid speciation processes. Radiant (R) and non-radiant (NR) capitula are two major floral morphs present in Centaurea. However, it is unclear how gene flow affects the distribution of floral morphotypes across populations and taxa. We have investigated the taxonomic differentiation and potential effect of genetic isolation in R and NR populations of Iberian Centaurea sects. Jacea (Mill.) Pers. ex Dumort. and Lepteranthus (Neck. ex DC.) Dumort. A total of 510 individuals from 58 populations (12 taxa) were analyzed using 165 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Genetic diversity and structure parameters were estimated at the taxon, population, and floral morphotypic levels. We tested whether there was correlation between population pairwise fixation index (Fst) genetic distances and the inbreeding coefficient (Fis), taken as a surrogate of reproductive isolation between the R and NR morphotypes of each group, and also taking into account geographic distances, using distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA). We also performed isolation by distance (IBD) tests between different floral morphotypes, aiming to infer the impact of genetic isolation on evolutionary and taxonomic divergence of the individuals. The taxa of Centaurea sects. Jacea and Lepteranthus constitute independent evolutionary lineages. Most of the detected genetic clusters match the taxonomic circumscription proposed in our most recent treatments. Genetic diversity was highest in C. debeauxii Godr. & Gren. subsp. debeauxii and subsp. grandiflora (Gaudin ex Schübl. & G. Martens) Devesa & Arnelas and in C. jacea L. subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Gremli (R) and lowest in C. nevadensis Boiss. & Reut. (NR) within the Centaurea sect. Jacea clade, whereas it was highest in C. linifolia L. within the Centaurea sect. Lepteranthus clade. Population-level dbRDA tests did not detect a significant correlation of R versus NR genetic distances and Fis values in any of the studied cases; by contrast, they detected significant correlation with longitude (C. jacea subsp. angustifolia, C. debeauxii, C. linifolia–C. stuessyi Arnelas, Devesa & E. López) or latitude (C. nigra L.). IBD analysis at the individual level showed that, in addition to geography, other morphotype-related factors may affect the genetic differentiation of R versus NR morphs in C. nigra, C. debeauxii, and C. linifolia–C. stuessyi. These results suggest that the fixation of the different morphs within the same taxon or group may be explained by geographic isolation, though we could not discount other potential unknown factors that could have contributed to microspeciation in these recently divergent populations, which originated only several thousands of years ago.

Se estudia el conocimiento botánico de Fernando López de Cárdenas, recolector del Real Gabinete de Historia Natural en el último tercio del siglo XVIII en la provincia de Córdoba (España). Se analizan sus escritos sobre el material botánico que colectaba y enviaba al gabinete real, así como los listados de las especies enviadas. También, el inventario que realizó para informar a la corte de las especies arbóreas que se encontraban en Sierra Morena, por si era de interés recolectar fragmentos de madera, semillas, etc.

Festuca indigesta subsp. indigesta (Poaceae) is endemic to the southeast of Spain, and until recently, it was considered that its range of distribution was restricted to the siliceous core of Sierra Nevada. However, it has been recently extended in the territory to others calcareous mountains. This study investigates the cytogenetic variability throughout the geographic range of this taxon, the possible edaphic preferences of each cytotype, and the morphological variation of cytotypes. Genome sizes and ploidy levels were estimated using flow cytometry and chromosome count. Soil samples were collected to test the nature of the substrate, i.e., pH, and calcium and magnesium contents. Finally, morphological characters were measured in herbarium specimens. This study provides the first genome size data for the species. Hidden cytogenetic diversity was detected in the taxon, comprising hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42), octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) and dodecaploid (2n = 12x = 84) individuals. No relationship between substrate nature and cytotype was observed. Morphological differences were detected for the size of floral parts and stomata among cytotypes, but these were blurred if the entire morphological variation range was considered. Our results suggest that each mountain range could act as a reservoir of morphologically cryptic genetic diversity regarding this taxon.

Se da a conocer la presencia de Castellia tuberculosa en Extremadura, donde ha sido localizada en la provincia de Cáceres.

Al revisar los materiales del género Baldellia conservados en el herbario COFC, se detectó un espécimen de Baldellia repens subsp. baetica Talavera & Casimiro-Soriguer recolectado en el noroeste de la provincia de Córdoba (España). El hallazgo supone la primera cita de la subespecie en este territorio.

This paper describes the herbarium (COFC) dataset of vascular plants of the University of Cordoba (SW Spain). This dataset is made up of two collections, the General collection (61,377 specimens) and the Historical collection (1,614 specimens). This study has focused mainly on the General collection, which contains the largest number of vascular plant specimens, predominantly angiosperms, mainly provincial and regional (Andalusia, Spain), but also with a good representation of other areas of the Iberian Peninsula and neighboring countries. The place of collection is specified in 99.7% of the labels, about 35% being georeferenced, and it is estimated that, currently, about 86% of the material housed in the herbarium has been databased using Elysia v1.0. software. With more than 178 families, 1,178 genera, and 3,750 species, this collection not only has educational importance, but is a valuable research tool that has been useful for the development of important works such as "Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental" and the "Flora iberica". The dataset described in this paper is registered with GBIF (accessible at https://doi.org/10.15468/fdzzal).

Polyploidy has played an important evolutionary role in the genus Festuca (Poaceae), and several ploidy levels (ranging from 2n = 2x = 14 to 2n = 12x = 84) have been detected to date. This study aimed to estimate the genome size and ploidy level of two subspecies belonging to the F. yvesii polyploid complex by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The phenotypic variation of the cytotypes was also explored, based on herbarium material. The genome size of F. yvesii subsp. lagascae has been estimated for the first time. Nuclear 2C DNA content of F. yvesii subsp. summilusitana ranged from 21.44 to 31.91 pg, while that of F. yvesii subsp. lagascae was from 13.60 to 22.31 pg. We report the highest ploidy level detected for Festuca (2n = 14x = 98) and previously unknown cytotypes. A positive correlation between holoploid genome size and chromosome number counts shown herein was confirmed. The morphometric approach showed a slight trend towards an increase in the size of some organs consistent with the variation in the ploidy level. Differences in characters were usually significant only among the most extreme cytotypes of each subspecies, but, even in this case, the high overlapping ranges prevent their distinction.

Se revisa la nomenclatura de Festuca yvesii subsp. graniticola (Kerguélen & Morla) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa y se propone una nueva combinación.

The influence of different concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) was analyzed in the Salsola vermiculata germination pattern, seedling development, and accumulation in seedlings. The responses to different metals were dissimilar. Germination was only significantly reduced at Cu and Zn 4000 µM but Zn induced radicle growth at lower concentrations. Without damage, the species acted as a good accumulator and tolerant for Mn, Ni, and Cu. In seedlings, accumulation increased following two patterns: Mn and Ni, induced an arithmetic increase in content in tissue, to the point where the content reached a maximum; with Cu and Ni, the pattern was linear, in which the accumulation in tissue was directly related to the metal concentration in the medium. Compared to other Chenopodiaceae halophyte species, S. vermiculata seems to be more tolerant of metals and is proposed for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals, This research was funded by Spain’s Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, FPU Grant (Ref. FPU14/06556) and by Spain’s Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, predoctoral grant (Ref. BES-2012-059366). The authors wish to thank the institution and staff of the Odiel Marshes Natural Park. Infante-Izquierdo wishes to thank Spain’s Ministry of Education, Science and Sport for awarding the FPU Grant (Ref. FPU14/06556). Martínez-Sagarra wishes to thank Spain’s Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the award of a predoctoral grant (Ref. BES-2012-059366)

Se aporta la primera cita de Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. para la flora andaluza. El hallazgo constituye la segunda cita de este hidrófito para la Península ibérica, en donde se conocía solo de la provincia de Madrid. Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. is reported for the first time for the Andalusian flora. This is the second record of this hydrophyte for the Iberian Peninsula, where it was known only from the province of Madrid.

As part of a taxonomic review of Cynosurus (Poaceae), we studied the types of the following taxa in the C. elegans–C. effusus complex: C. elegans from N Africa, C. aurasiacus from Algeria, C. gracilis and C. fertilis from Corsica, C. brizoides from Madeira, C. effusus from Portugal, C. obliquatus from Greece, C. paui and C. elegans var. chalybaeus from Spain, Chrysurus paradoxus from Italy, and two varieties of Cynosurus elegans described from Sicily as well as one of C. effusus from the Dodecanese Islands. We discuss their taxonomic validity and morphological variability in the Iberian Peninsula. We propose nine new lectotypes and two neotypes.

Se da a conocer por primera vez la presencia de Crucianella patula L. en la provincia de Córdoba, y esta nueva cita respalda su inclusión en la flora de Andalucía Occidental.

Floristic notes on some grasses of Flora ibericaPalabras clave: Corología, Flora iberica, Gramineae, Península Ibérica, Poaceae, Pooideae.Key words: Chorology, Flora iberica, Gramineae, Iberian Peninsula, Poaceae, Pooideae.

Based on our study of 4,845 herbarium sheets of the genusPoafrom the area covered byFlora iberica, namely, the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, we recognise 24 taxa (17 species, 1 subspecies and 8 varieties), mostly perennials. Most of these taxa have wide global and/or European distributions, while two (P.legionensisand P.minorsubsp.nevadensis) are Spanish endemics and two have restricted distributions (P.ligulata, Iberia–North Africa;P.flaccidula, Iberia–North Africa and the Balearic Islands, extending to Provence, France). We have studied the original publications of more than 225 names considered as synonyms, with those more historically cited inFlora ibericataken into account in this paper; a total of 26 are new synonyms. The following names are typified: P.alpinavar.involucrata Lange, P.annuavar.lanuginosa Sennen, P.minorsubsp.nevadensis Nannf.,P.pauiFont Quer,P.sulcataLag. and P.trivialisvar.flaccida Willk. ex J.J. Rodr. We includeP.compressaL. in the flora of Portugal for the first time and present detailed illustrations of three very interesting taxa (P.legionensis, P.minorsubsp.nevadensis andP.ligulata). In addition to a general species key, we provide the following information for each taxon: synonyms, types, typification, the most relevant iconography, regional flowering time, regional and general distribution and, as supplementary material, the number of sheets examined and a list of selected materials.

Centaurea is one of the richest but less investigated genera of tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae). We reconstructed an updated phylogeny of Iberian species of Centaurea sects. Centaurea, Jacea, Lepteranthus and Phalolepis by sampling representatives from 48 taxa (~60% of the taxonomic variation). Phylogenetic trees and haplotypic networks were based on ITS and trnLF sequences, and Bayesian dating analysis on ITS data. We found two main lineages within this monophyletic group: (1) a W Mediterranean Centaurea and Phalolepis plus C. diffusa (CP) clade; and (2) an E Mediterranean – Eurosiberian Jacea and Lepteranthus (JL) clade. Our analyses provide new reconstructions for species of C. sects. Jacea and Lepteranthus that support new taxonomic circumscriptions. The inferred divergence times indicated succesive splits of the CP and JL lineages during the Miocene (e.g. CP/JL, Serravalian; Jacea/Lepteranthus, Tortonian; C. hyssopifolia, C. gr. janeri, C. gr. exarata, Messinian) and the Pliocene (C. linifolia/C....

Se comentan 7 taxones de plantas vasculares de interés para la flora de Córdoba, bien porque se amplía significativamente su conocimiento corológico en la provincia (Rubus caesius L., Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem., Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte), porque se confirma su presencia en el territorio (Geranium pusillum L.), o su presencia constituye una novedad provincial (Cyperus difformis L.) o para la flora de Andalucía [Potentilla supina L., Amsinckia calycina (Moris) Chater]. Todos los pliegos-testimonio se encuentran depositados en el Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Córdoba (COFC).Palabras clave: Flora vascular, Corología, Córdoba. Notes on some plants of the province of Cordoba (Spain).Keywords: Vascular flora, Chorology, Córdoba.

A study of the leaf anatomy in the species of the genus Festuca present in the Iberian Peninsula was made. A total of 68 taxa were included and 15 characters were measured in leaf cross-section. The major anatomical features of each taxonomic group were characterized, and some variability was observed in the taxa. The anatomical patterns observed were compared and discussed with the relationships suggested by the molecular analyses. The leaf outline, the presence or absence of complete girders, and the development degree of the bulliform cells were the main characters to differentiate among fescue species of the fine-leaved clade and those of the broad-leaved clade. The most useful character to segregate species groups within the different taxonomic sections was the arrangement of the sclerenchyma, and a remarkable variability of this character was found in the species of Festuca section Festuca, especially in those located in other lineages according to molecular markers. Most of the anatomical patterns were not exclusive of the sections or lineages, and only some taxa could be anatomically differentiated at species level based on a set of non-taxative characters. The discordant pattern observed in F. henriquesii, a species traditionally included in Festuca sect. Festuca that shared anatomical features with the species of "F. rubra complex", suggests its possible inclusion in the sect. Aulaxyper pending further taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses.

espanolSe da a conocer por primera vez la presencia en la provincia de Cordoba de Hieracium elisaeanum Arv.-Touv. ex Willk., novedad tambien para la flora de Andalucia Occidental. EnglishThe presence of Hieracium elisaeanum Arv.-Touv. ex Willk. in the province of Cordoba is reported for the first time, and this new record supports its inclusion in the flora of western Andalusia.

Se estudia el conocimiento botánico de Fernando López de Cárdenas, recolector del Real Gabinete de Historia Natural en el último tercio del siglo XVIII en la provincia de Córdoba (España). Se analizan sus escritos sobre el material botánico que colectaba y enviaba al gabinete real, así como los listados de las especies enviadas. También, el inventario que realizó para informar a la corte de las especies arbóreas que se encontraban en Sierra Morena, por si era de interés recolectar fragmentos de madera, semillas, etc.

Español. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica del complejo Festuca alpina en la Península Ibérica. Se reconocen 3 especies para el territorio: Festuca alpina, F. glacialis y F. frigida. Se aporta una clave para la identificación de los taxones, así como su descripción morfológica, anatomía foliar, distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico.Inglés. A taxonomic revision of Festuca alpina complex in the Iberian Peninsula has been made. Three species are recognized in the territory: Festuca alpina, F. glacialis y F. frigida. A key for the identification of taxa is provided, also their morphological and leaf anatomy description, geographical distribution, ecology, phenology and chromosome number are given.

Filago ramosissima Lange (Asteraceae), new record for the Western Andalusia flora (Spain).Palabras clave: Filago, Asteraceae, flora, novedad, Andalucía Occidental, EspañaKey words: Filago, Asteraceae, flora, new record, Western Andalusia, Spain

On the taxonomic status of Festuca cordubensis DevesaPalabras clave: Festuca, Poaceae, flora vascular, taxonomía, Córdoba.Keywords: Festuca, Poaceae, vascular flora, taxonomy, Cordoba.

Glyceria spicata subsp. onubensis (Gramineae), new taxon for the iberian floraPalabras claves: Glyceria, Gramineae, Península Ibérica, Taxonomía.Key words: Glyceria, Gramineae, Iberian Peninsula, Taxonomy.

Based on our study of 4,845 herbarium sheets of the genus Poa from the area covered by Flora iberica, namely, the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, we recognise 24 taxa (17 species, 1 subspecies and 8 varieties), mostly perennials. Most of these taxa have wide global and/or European distributions, while two (P. legionensis and P. minor subsp. nevadensis) are Spanish endemics and two have restricted distributions (P. ligulata, Iberia–North Africa; P. flaccidula, Iberia–North Africa and the Balearic Islands, extending to Provence, France). We have studied the original publications of more than 225 names considered as synonyms, with those more historically cited in Flora iberica taken into account in this paper; a total of 26 are new synonyms. The following names are typified: P. alpina var. involucrata Lange, P. annua var. lanuginosa Sennen, P. minor subsp. nevadensis Nannf., P. paui Font Quer, P. sulcata Lag. and P. trivialis var. flaccida Willk. ex J.J. Rodr. We include P. compressa L. in the flora of Portugal for the first time and present detailed illustrations of three very interesting taxa (P. legionensis, P. minor subsp. nevadensis and P. ligulata). In addition to a general species key, we provide the following information for each taxon: synonyms, types, typification, the most relevant iconography, regional flowering time, regional and general distribution and, as supplementary material, the number of sheets examined and a list of selected materials.

Se cita como novedad corológica para Andalucía Dactyloctenium aegyptium(L.) Willd. (Poaceae), xenófito efemerófito nativo de las zonas tropicales y subtropicales de África y Asia.Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poaceae), new for Andalusia (Spain)Palabras clave: Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Poaceae, novedad para Andalucia (España)Key words: Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Poaceae, novelty for Andalusia (Spain)

Alkyl carboxylic acid-based nanostructured solvents, synthesized in mixtures of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water through self-assembly and coacervation, were proved to behave as restricted access liquids. Both physical and chemical mechanisms were found responsible for exclusion of macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. The potential of these solvents for extracting small molecules from complex solid samples, without interference from large biomolecules, was here evaluated. For this purpose, they were applied to the extraction of 14 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from mosses prior to their separation by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection (LC-FLD). Sample treatment involved the vortex shaking of 200 mg of moss with 200 µL of decanoic acid-based solvent for 5 min, subsequent centrifugation for 8 min and analysis of the extract by LC-FLD using external calibration. Proteins precipitated during extraction because of both the decrease of the dielectric constant of the solution caused by THF and the formation of macromolecular complexes with decanoic acid. Polysaccharides were not solubilized in the aqueous cavities of the solvent because of their size exclusion. In-house method validation was performed according to the recommendations of the European Commission Decision 202/657/EC. Method detection and quantification limits for the different PAHs were in the ranges 0.04-0.24 and 0.14-0.80 µg kg-1, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of different moss species collected in both polluted and unpolluted sites in the South of Spain. Recoveries were within the range 71-110%. The results obtained show that solvents with restricted access properties have the potential to expand the scope of application of restricted access materials to areas other than biological fluids because of their suitability to combine analyte isolation and sample cleanup of solid samples in a single step. © 2015 Elsevier B.V., Council for Higher Education CTQ2014-53539-R Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: BES-2012-052170, Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Spanish MINECO (Project CTQ2014-53539-R ). N. Caballero-Casero acknowledges the Spanish MINECO for the postgraduate fellowship (BES-2012-052170). H. Çabuk acknowledges the Higher Education Council of Turkey (YÖK) for the postdoctoral fellowship.

Palabras clave. Ramírez de las Casas-Deza, historia, botánica, Córdoba.Keywords. Ramírez de las Casas-Deza, History, Botany, Córdoba.

Se comentan 13 taxones de plantas vasculares de interés para la flora de Córdoba, ya sea porque se amplía significativamente su conocimiento corológico en la provincia [Isoetes velatum A. Braun subsp. velatum, Marsilea strigosa Willd., Phytolacca americana L., Rumex palustris Sm., Carum verticillatum (L.) W. D. J. Koch, y Holcus mollis L.], se confirma su presencia (Lupinus micranthus Guss.) o bien son novedad para el territorio [Armeria linkiana Nieto Fel., Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C. K. Schneid., Schoenoplectus erectus (Poir.) Palla ex J. Raynal, y Cenchrus longisetus M. C. Johnst.]. En el caso de Eryngium caespitiferum Font Quer & Pau, su nueva recolección respalda la primera cita dada a conocer para Europa. Todos los pliegos-testimonio se encuentran depositados en el Herbario de la Universidad de Córdoba (COFC).Floristic and chorologic novelties for the Flora of Cordoba provincePalabras clave: Flora vascular, Corología, Córdoba.Key words: Vascular flora, Chorology, Córdoba.

A study of the leaf anatomy in the species of the genus Festuca present in the Iberian Peninsula was made. A total of 68 taxa were included and 15 characters were measured in leaf cross-section. The major anatomical features of each taxonomic group were characterized, and some variability was observed in the taxa. The anatomical patterns observed were compared and discussed with the relationships suggested by the molecular analyses. The leaf outline, the presence or absence of complete girders, and the development degree of the bulliform cells were the main characters to differentiate among fescue species of the fine-leaved clade and those of the broad-leaved clade. The most useful character to segregate species groups within the different taxonomic sections was the arrangement of the sclerenchyma, and a remarkable variability of this character was found in the species of Festuca section Festuca, especially in those located in other lineages according to molecular markers. Most of the anatomical patterns were not exclusive of the sections or lineages, and only some taxa could be anatomically differentiated at species level based on a set of non-taxative characters. The discordant pattern observed in F. henriquesii, a species traditionally included in Festuca sect. Festuca that shared anatomical features with the species of “F. rubra complex”, suggests its possible inclusion in the sect. Aulaxyper pending further taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses.

Premise of research. Gilbertiodendron is a genus endemic to Africa with ∼30 species made up of trees of primary dry-land, riverine, and gallery forests. Recently, the west and central African monotypic genus Pellegriniodendron was merged into Gilbertiodendron. Gilbertiodendron is one of 17 genera that form the exclusively African Berlinia clade, and this study presents the findings of a phylogenetic analysis designed to evaluate the generic limits of Gilbertiodendron and its relationships within the Berlinia clade.Methodology. To test the monophyly of Gilbertiodendron and its relationships with other genera, we analyzed nucleotide sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and the plastid trnL intron and trnL-F intergenic spacer, using parsimony and Bayesian analyses.Pivotal results. Gilbertiodendron is recovered as monophyletic, including all the samples previously recognized as Pellegriniodendron diphyllum.Conclusions. The placement of Pellegriniodendron in synonymy with Gilber...

Gilbertiodendron (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) is a genus of ca. 30 species of medium to large trees from tropical and subtropical Africa. The genus is represented in Western Africa (from south Senegal to east Ghana) by 11 species, including Gilbertiodendron diphyllum and G. preussii, which are the most widespread species within the genus, with a range that extends to Central Africa. We describe a new species, Gilbertiodendron jongkindii, an endemic tree from the Ivory Coast and Ghana. Gilbertiodendron obliquum is redefined following the study of collections made 106 yr after the original type material was collected in Liberia. The nomenclature was reviewed for each taxon, and full synonymies are provided. Two dichotomous keys based on fertile and vegetative characters and a table of key characters are provided, as well as detailed descriptions, distribution maps, and illustrations for each species.

A new species, Festuca greuteri, from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) is described. The new taxon is recognised with two patterns of variation with the rank of subspecies: subsp. greuteri, widely distributed throughout the Baetic Mountains (Almería, Granada, Jaén and Málaga provinces, southern Spain), and subsp. camarolensis, located in the westernmost area of distribution, in the Sierra de Camarolos and Sierra del Jobo (Málaga province, southern Spain). This species belongs to Festuca sect. Festuca, and it had been overlooked or misidentified as F. segimonensis and F. longiauriculata, two species that are partially sympatric with it. Herbarium specimens and living plants were analysed, and noteworthy morphological and anatomical differences support their separation. A complete description is presented for the new species, and iconography and identification keys are provided together with information on leaf anatomy, ecology, phenology, and distribution. The new species is compared with the related species occurring in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, and differential characters are discussed.

Español. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica de Centaurea sect. Melanoloma (Cass.) DC. en la Península Ibérica. Se reconocen 2 especies -3 taxones-, para las que se aporta su descripción morfológica e información sobre la distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico. Se confirma la presencia en la flora portuguesa de C. pullata subsp. baetica y se aclara la identidad taxonómica de C. hervieri Degen.English. A taxonomic review of Centaurea sect. Melanoloma (Cass.) DC. in the Iberian Peninsula was carried out. Two species -3 taxaare recognized and their morphological description, geographical distribution, ecology, phenology and chromosome numbers are given. The presence of C. pullata subsp. baetica in of Portugal is confirmed, and the taxonomic identity of C. hervieri is clarified.

Español. Se da a conocer el número cromosómico de 10 taxones del género Centaurea pertenecientes a la sección Seridia (Juss.) DC. presentes en la Península Ibérica. En el caso de Centaurea lusitanica var. crassifolia P. Silva, C. aspera subsp. stenophylla (Dufour) Nyman y C. barrasii Pau se trata, al parecer, del primer recuento. El número diploide 2n = 22 es el más frecuente en el grupo estudiado, mientras que el nivel tetraploide 2n = 44 sólo se ha detectado en C. seridis L. y C. sphaerocephala L.English. A karyological study of taxa of genus Centaurea L. sect. Seridia (Juss.) DC. in the Iberian Peninsula is reported. We have studied 10 taxa and the reports for 3 of them are given for the first time: Centaurea lusitanica var. crassifolia P. Silva, C. aspera subsp. stenophylla (Dufour) Nyman and C. barrasii Pau. Diploid number 2n = 22 is the most frequent whereas tetraploid level 2n = 44 has been found only in C. seridis L. and C. sphaerocephala L.

Español. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica de Centaurea sect. Seridia (Juss.) DC. en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Se reconocen 12 taxones y se describe una nueva variedad: C. susannae var. paivae Invernón & Devesa. Se aporta una clave para la identificación de los taxones, así como su descripción morfológica e información sobre la distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico.English. A taxonomic revision of Centaurea sect. Seridia (Juss.) DC. in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands has been done. Twelve taxa are recognized and a new variety is described: C. susannae var. paivae Invernón & Devesa. A key for the identification of taxa is provided, also their morphological description, information on geographical distribution, their ecology, their phenology and their chromosome numbers are given.

The diversity of the genus Mantisalca in southwest Europe is the subject of much controversy. The present taxonomic revision of the genus on the Iberian Peninsula allows four species to be recognized, whose morphological variability is described and various synonyms are typified. A new species is described, M. cabezudoi Ruiz de Clavijo and Devesa, endemic to southeast Spain. The name Microlonchus spinulosus Rouy is reinstated for a species endemic to the central and east Iberian Peninsula, for which a new combination is made: Mantisalca spinulosa (Rouy) Ruiz de Clavijo and Devesa. A diagnostic key to the taxa is given.

Español. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica de Centaurea sect. Lepteranthus (Neck.) Dumort. en la Península Ibérica. Se reconocen 12 táxones y se hace una nueva combinación: C. gallaecica (Laínz) Arnelas & Devesa, proponiéndose la inclusión de esta especie en la sect. Jacea (Mill.) Pers. Se aporta una clave para la dentificación de los táxones, así como su descripción morfológica e información sobre la distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico.English. A taxonomic review of Centaurea sect. Lepteranthus (Neck.) Dumort. in the Iberian Peninsula was done. Twelve taxa are recognized and a new combination is proposed, C. gallaecica (Laínz) Arnelas & Devesa, a taxon which is included in a different section, Jacea (Mill.) Pers. A key for the identification of taxa is made, also their morphological description, information on geographical distribution, their ecology, their phenology and their chromosome numbers are given.

Centaurea molesworthiae E. Lopez, Devesa & Garcia Rojas (Cardueae, Compositae), a new species from southwest Spain is described and illustrated. The morphological variability of C. molesworthiae and the three closest species, C. prolongoi, C. crocata and C. occasus is analyzed and discussed. The chromosome number (2n = 40) of this new species is reported for the first time.

Gilbertiodendron tonkolili Burgt & Estrella sp. nov. (Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae) is described and illustrated. The new species is endemic to a small area in central Sierra Leone. Gilbertiodendron tonkolili is characterised by leaves bearing 4–6 pairs of leaflets; stipules comprising a lower auriculate and an upper linear part, cream–white coloured bracteoles and a pale yellow adaxial petal. The fruits have a single longitudinal vein (sometimes a second partial vein). We assess G. tonkolili here as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) under the 2001 criteria of IUCN. We judge it to be morphologically closest to G. bilineatum which we confirm here as ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) and for which we also provide a full description and an illustration. A table of characters useful in differentiating the two species is given and a distribution map of both species is included.

Taxonomic revision of the Centaurea alba L. complex (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula.- A taxonomic revision of the Centaurea alba L. complex (Centaurea L. sect. Centaurea) in the Iberian Peninsula is presented, which is represented by two species, C. alba and C. costae Willk. Three subspecies of C. alba with reasonably well-defined areas are recognized: C. alba subsp. alba, with three varieties –alba, macrocephala Pau and latronum (Pau) E. Lopez & Devesa-, C. alba subsp. aristifera (Pau) E. Lopez & Devesa and C. alba subsp. tartesiana Talavera, two of them are proposed as new nomenclatural combinations. Centaurea costae is segregated from C. alba and three varieties are recognized: costae, montsicciana Pau & Font Quer and maluqueri Font Quer. In the case of C. alba var. latronum, C. alba var. macrocephala and C. alba subsp. aristifera, the chromosome number was also studied (2n = 18).

Español. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica de Centaurea sect. Jacea (Mill.) Pers. en la Península Ibérica. Se reconocen 12 táxones y se hace una nueva combinación: C. nigra subsp. endressii (Dostál) Arnelas & Devesa. Se aporta una clave para la dentificación de los táxones e híbridos, así como su descripción morfológica e información sobre la distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico.English. A taxonomic review of Centaurea sect. Jacea (Mill.) Pers. in the Iberian Peninsula was done. Twelve taxa are recognized and a new combination is proposed: C. nigra subsp. endressii (Dostál) Arnelas & Devesa. A key for the identification of taxa and hybrids are provided, also their morphological description, information on geographical distribution, their ecology, their phenology and their chromosome numbers are given.

The morphological variability of Centaurea langei Nyman (Centaurea sect. Centaurea), an endemic to the north-central and north-west Iberian Peninsula, was studied. Seven subspecies with reasonably well-defined areas are recognized, of which C. langei subsp. dominguezii E. Lopez, Devesa & Arnelas is described as new, and for the others the following combinations are proposed: C. langei subsp. exilis (Arenes) E. Lopez, Devesa & Arnelas, C. langei subsp. coutinhoi (Franco) E. Lopez, Devesa & Arnelas, C. langei subsp. geresensis (Arenes) E. Lopez, Devesa & Arnelas, C. langei subsp. kheilii (Pau) E. Lopez, Devesa & Arnelas, and C. langei subsp. rothmalerana (Arenes) E. Lopez, Devesa & Arnelas. Nomenclatural and taxonomic synonyms are provided for each taxon, most of which are typified. For C. langei subsp. dominguezii, the chromosome number was also studied (2n = 18).