1. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey
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Shanta Dutta, Harpreet Singh Pawar, Giridhara R Babu, V. Saravanakumar, Kanwar Narain, Ezhilarasan Ilayaperumal, Sanjay Zodpey, Babu Jagjeevan, Swarup Sarkar, Srikanta Kanungo, Tekumalla Ramarao, Vijay K. Shukla, Jaya Singh Kshatri, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Aparup Das, Balram Bhargava, Hari Bhan Singh, R Anusha, Chethana Rangaraju, Dinesh Kumar Baradwaj, Smita Asthana, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Prashant Singh, T Sivakumar, Krithikaa Sekar, Dasarathi Das, Arlappa Nimmathota, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Kamran Zaman, M. Sunil Kumar, Sujeet Kumar Singh, R. Sabarinathan, Naman Shah, Hirawati Deval, Arshad Kalliath, K Kalaiyarasi, Kamalesh Sarkar, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Seema Sahay, Rajiv Yadav, Sanket Kulkarni, Alok Kumar, Vishal Chopra, Rajeev Gupta, C. P. Girish Kumar, Rajeev K. Singh, Kiran Rade, Kangjam Rekha Devi, Shripad A. Patil, Alka Turuk, T Karunakaran, Jyothi Bhat, Annamma Jose, J P Muliyil, Kushal Singh Rathore, Shalini Singh, Tanzin Dikid, Nivethitha N Krishnan, A.R. Nirmala, Hemalatha Rajkumar, G G J Naga Lakshmi, Shashi Kant, Avula Laxmaiah, Major Madhukar, Pradeep Das, Amarendra Mahapatra, Manoj V Murhekar, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Pushpendra Singh, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Sarang Dhatrak, Tanu Anand, K Kiran, Gurudayal S Toteja, Ankit Viramgami, Rakesh Balachandar, Ganta Venkata Prasad, Sauvik Dasgupta, Samiran Panda, Ashok Kumar Pandey, Sanghamitra Pati, Suman Sundar Mohanty, Dantuluri Sheethal Varma, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, Vimith Cheruvathoor Wilson, Mariya Amin Qurieshi, Anshuman Chaudhury, Sriram Selvaraju, Alok Kumar Deb, Avi Kumar Bansal, Tarun Bhatnagar, D C S Reddy, Himanshu Chauhan, Rushikesh Andhalkar, Ashwini Yadav, Inaamul Haq, Falguni Debnath, Rajni Kant, Josephine Pradhan, Anindya Mitra, Somashekar Narasimhaiah, Ramesh Kumar Sangwan, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Aakash Shrivastava, VG Vinoth Kumar, Ramesh Chandra Jha, Aby Robinson, and K. Nagbhushanam
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Cross-sectional study ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,India ,Antibodies, Viral ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Seroprevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Occupations ,Child ,education ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Articles ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Serum samples ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Immunoglobulin G ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,Rural area ,business ,Demography - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The first national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurvey in India, done in May-June, 2020, among adults aged 18 years or older from 21 states, found a SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody seroprevalence of 0·73% (95% CI 0·34-1·13). We aimed to assess the more recent nationwide seroprevalence in the general population in India. METHODS: We did a second household serosurvey among individuals aged 10 years or older in the same 700 villages or wards within 70 districts in India that were included in the first serosurvey. Individuals aged younger than 10 years and households that did not respond at the time of survey were excluded. Participants were interviewed to collect information on sociodemographics, symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, exposure history to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and history of COVID-19 illness. 3-5 mL of venous blood was collected from each participant and blood samples were tested using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying the sampling weights and adjusting for clustering and assay characteristics. We randomly selected one adult serum sample from each household to compare the seroprevalence among adults between the two serosurveys. FINDINGS: Between Aug 18 and Sept 20, 2020, we enrolled and collected serum samples from 29â082 individuals from 15â613 households. The weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in individuals aged 10 years or older was 6·6% (95% CI 5·8-7·4). Among 15â084 randomly selected adults (one per household), the weighted and adjusted seroprevalence was 7·1% (6·2-8·2). Seroprevalence was similar across age groups, sexes, and occupations. Seroprevalence was highest in urban slum areas followed by urban non-slum and rural areas. We estimated a cumulative 74·3 million infections in the country by Aug 18, 2020, with 26-32 infections for every reported COVID-19 case. INTERPRETATION: Approximately one in 15 individuals aged 10 years or older in India had SARS-CoV-2 infection by Aug 18, 2020. The adult seroprevalence increased approximately tenfold between May and August, 2020. Lower infection-to-case ratio in August than in May reflects a substantial increase in testing across the country. FUNDING: Indian Council of Medical Research.
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- 2021
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