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Increases in serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity have been reported in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses and associated with maladaptation to training but the underlying etiology remains unknown.Classify the etiology of high GGT syndrome in racing TBs by assessment of pancreatic enzymes, vitamin E concentrations, and both a candidate gene and whole genome association study. We hypothesized that a genetic variant resulting in antioxidant insufficiency or pancreatic dysfunction would be responsible for high GGT syndrome in TBs.A total of 138 California racing TBs. Amylase: n = 31 affected (serum GGT activity ≥60 IU/L), n = 52 control (serum GGT activity40 IU/L). Lipase: n = 19 affected, n = 35 control. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations: n = 32 affected, n = 46 control. Genome-wide association study (GWAS): 36 affected, 58 control. Whole genome sequencing: n = 5 affected, n = 5 control.Biochemical and vitamin analytes were compared among cohorts. A GWAS was performed and a subset of TBs underwent whole genome sequencing to interrogate candidate genes and positional genetic regions.Serum lipase and amylase activity and α-tocopherol concentrations did not differ between groups. No genetic variants were identified in 2 candidate genes (UGT1A1 and GGT1) that associated with the phenotype. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) approached a suggestive association with the phenotype (P = 2.15 × 10An underlying genetic etiology may exist for high GGT syndrome in racing TBs, similar to genetic disorders in humans.

This study outlined the implementation and evaluation of one associative and two dissociative coping strategies on rowing ergometer performance. Participants were 9 novice varsity rowers who performed a 40-min ergometer workout in 10 separate experimental sessions. At each workout participants were requested to row as far as possible in 40 min. A multiple-baseline design was utilized, which after varying amounts of baseline permitted implementing an associative or dissociative strategy for each participant. These strategies included associative, dissociative-video, and dissociative-music. Results indicated that performance improved under all conditions for all participants but that the greatest gains were found in the associative condition.

The NFL's Dallas Cowboys are known for their innovative way of playing football, a trait that has brought the team its legacy of Super Bowl championships. Despite Texas Stadium's noteworthy hole-in-the-roof design, the Cowboys' home since it was built for $35 million in 1971 no longer exemplifies the team's winning game plan. Soon, however, the Cowboys will play in a stadium that does reflect the team's commitment to innovation without compromising Texas Stadium's characteristic design elements or the Cowboys brand. The Cowboys' Owner and General Manager, Jerry Jones, along with the Jones family and architect HKS, is the force behind the team's new $1.1 billion, world-class, amenity-rich, retractable roof NFL stadium. The efficient yet monumental superstructure's design, which complements the team's strength and intensity, created many structural engineering challenges.