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Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is a remote sensing technique that measures properties of backscattered light in order to obtain information of a distant target. This work presents a method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio by 8 dB with respect to the direct detection of the backscattered signal of a LIDAR system. This method consists of the measurement of the Fourier coefficients of the LIDAR signal, which is possible thanks to the novel coupling of a sequential equivalent time base sampling (SETS) circuit and a conventional lock-in amplifier that allows to measure the Fourier coefficients of the LIDAR signal, the results are comparable to noise elimination using Empirical Mode Decomposition. The feasibility of the proposal is demonstrated experimentally with mist. The method can be used to different applications of elastic-scattering LIDAR under the conditions of the devices for applied the phase sensitive detection.

Numerical results are presented by histograms of photons transmitted, reflected and absorbed by a turbid media. The Probability Distributions Functions more important of the problem were considered like the free paths and phase functions.

It is presented a criteria for selecting the optimum aperture radius for the one beam Z-scan technique (OBZT), based on the analysis of the transmittance of the aperture. It is also presented a modification to the OBZT by directly measuring the beam radius in the far field with a rotating disk, which allows to determine simultaneously the non-linear absorptive coefficient and non-linear refractive index, much less sensitive to wave front distortions caused by inhomogeneities of the sample with a negligible loss of signal to noise ratio. It is demonstrated its equivalence to the OBZT.