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The promotion of water consumption has been identified by the government of Mexico as one of the main strategies to reduce the diet energy density in order to prevent the problems of overweight, obesity and other diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation of the water consumption with nutritional status, metabolic risk and percentage of body fat in adults of Mexico City. A sample of 12733 adults residing in Mexico City was obtained, of which 75.6% (n = 9 623) belongs to the female gender and 24.4% (n = 3110) belongs to the male gender. In the study those adults who were between 21 and 60 years old, with an average age of 39.59 ± 10.97 years, were included. The population was constituted in several health fairs celebrated in Mexico City from 2015–2018, in which nutritional consultation was provided. By correlating water consumption with nutritional status, metabolic risk and percentage of body fat, it was found that adults who consume a glass of water of 250 mL per day, have higher incidence of obesity, metabolic risk and percentage of body fat high (70.0%, 83.6% and 96.2, respectively), compared to adults who consume seven glasses of 250 mL of water per day equivalent to 1750 mL of water per day (40.4%, 63.8% and 92.9, respectively), finding a highly significant difference (p < 0.01). In the present study it can be observed that adults who have optimal water intake have a lower incidence of obesity, metabolic risk and high percentage of body fat, data that agree with the literature. However, despite the fact that the multiple benefits of water intake have been documented, its consumption among the population in general is very low, so it is suggested to continue adding efforts to raise awareness among the population regarding the importance and benefits on health by staying well hydrated. Likewise, it is important to consider that the promotion of water consumption is an important component in strategies to promote healthy habits and lifestyles.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of organochlorine pesticides in samples of forage, soil, water, and milk in four units of an organic production system for cow´s milk (samples of forage, milk, soil, and water) in Tecpatan, Chiapas, Mexico. The organochlorine pesticides were extracted from forage, soil and water based on the USEPA (2005) guideline and from milk based on the IDF 1991 guideline. The pesticides were identified and quantified by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (CG-ECD). In general, the highest average concentration of total pesticides was found in the samples of milk and forage (311 ± 328 and 116.5 ±77 ng g(-1) respectively). Although, the production systems analyzed are organic, organochlorine pesticides were detected in all environmental samples (forage, soil, water, and organic milk). Although no values surpassed the defined limits of Mexican and International regulation it is advisable that a monitoring program of contaminants in these production systems is continued.

Thirty six samples of bovine milk were collected from Chiapas State, Mexico between January 2011 and December 2011 with the intention of identifying and quantifying organochlorine pesticide residues in organic farms. The analyses were done using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (Ni(63)). In general the values found in raw milk were lower than the permissible limit proposed by FAO/WHO/Codex Alimentarius 2006. Average concentrations for alpha + beta HCH were 3.62 ng/g, gamma HCH 0.34 ng/g, heptachlor + epoxide 0.67 ng/g, DDT and isomers 1.53 ng/g, aldrin + dieldrin 0.77 ng/g, and endrin 0.66 ng/g (only present in samples from farm 2). The organic milk from Chiapas has shown low concentrations of pesticide residues in recent years and satisfies international and national regulations for commercialization.

La presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en el ambiente es preocupante por su persistencia, potencial de transporte a larga distancia y grado de toxicidad para la fauna y los seres humanos. En México, Chiapas ocupa el primer lugar en la producción de alimentos orgánicos, y Tecpatán es el principal municipio productor de leche orgánica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en forraje para ganado lechero en unidades de producción de leche orgánica. Se eligieron tres unidades de producción de leche orgánica y se colectaron muestras de forraje y leche en cada unidad. Los plaguicidas se extrajeron y purificaron con base en lo establecido por la USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases con detector de captura de electrones. Los compuestos que rebasaron el límite máximo permisible según el Codex Alimentarius fueron lindano, heptacloro + epóxido de heptacloro y aldrín + dieldrín (37.5 ± 84, 62 ± 125 y 20 ± 50 ng.g-1 base grasa, respectivamente). En las muestras de forraje los valores más altos fueron alfa + beta-HCH, lindano y heptacloro + epóxido de heptacloro (76.3 ± 140, 43 ± 105 ng.g-1 y 40 ± 76 ng.g-1 peso seco). Es probable que la destacada presencia de estos compuestos se deba a su utilización en el control de vectores en campañas de salud o de ectoparásitos del ganado de la región por parte de productores convencionales.