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Cardiogenic shock (CS) commonly complicates the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and it results in high mortality rates. Pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) monitoring can be valuable for personalizing critical-care interventions. We hypothesized that patients with AMI-CS experiencing persistent congestion measures during the first 24 hours of the PAC installment would exhibit worse in-hospital survival rates.We studied 95 patients with AMI-CS between January 2006 and December 2021. The first 24-hour PAC-derived hemodynamic measures were divided by the congestion profiling and the proposed 2022 Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) classification. Biventricular congestion was the most common profile and was associated with the highest patient mortality rates at all time points (mean 56.6%). A persistent congestive profile was associated with increased mortality rates (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85; P = 0.002) compared with patients who achieved decongestive profiles. Patients with SCAI stages D/E had higher levels of right atrial pressure (RAP): 14-15 mmHg) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP): 18-20 mmHg) compared with stage C (RAP, 10-11 mmHg, mean difference 3-5 mmHg; P0.001; PCWP 14-17 mmHg; mean difference 1.56-4 mmHg; P = 0.011). In SCAI stages D/E, the pulmonary artery pulsatility index (0.8-1.19) was lower than in those with grade C (1.29-1.63; mean difference 0.21-0.73; P0.001).Continuous congestion profiling using the SCAI classification matched the grade of hemodynamic severity and the increased risk of in-hospital death. Early decongestion appears to be an important prognostic and therapeutic goal in patients with AMI-CS and warrants further study.

El practicum, proceso fundamental en los estudios universitarios, trata de acercar al estudiantado al futuro entorno profesional. El objetivo de este artículo es colaborar en la mejora del tránsito por este periodo práctico en el grado de educación social, con algunas propuestas que parten del diálogo entre los agentes que intervienen. La metodología se basa en una reflexión crítica sobre sus propias funciones, fundamentada en una revisión de aportaciones teóricas e investigaciones de diferentes autores. Se ha incorporado la participación de los colegios profesionales en el encuentro entre el ámbito académico y profesional. El resultado ha sido un compendio de reflexiones compartidas sobre los obstáculos que aparecen en las prácticas profesionales en educación social, así como la identificación de elementos que se pueden incorporar en el proceso. La conclusión destaca la posible mejora del aprendizaje del estudiantado perfeccionando el encuentro entre teoría y práctica y la reflexión crítica durante el proceso.

This research presents the process and the results to weigh and classify a set of criteria and subcriteria to be considered in Renewable Energy Planning projects for a particular area of Colombia. The implementation of electrification programs in the study area faces various obstacles, among them the inadequate selection of criteria and sub-criteria for assessing the relevance and credibility of the implemented projects, which is very important today, causing huge losses from many points of view. It is proposed to implement a multicriteria methodology (MMCM) that prioritizes criteria and subcriteria, the selected methodology is applied to the use of renewable and conventional energy sources in urban, rural,and isolated regions, one of the most used methods in the best selection process and also when making energy decisions. The Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP) is used, the data is obtained from a survey to a group of experts with a collection and verification period of about 4 months, only to reduce inaccuracies on the developer side. This study explains the results obtained with a new multipurpose support system that helps to prioritize the most appropriate energy decision criteria and subcriteria of energy options to provide sufficient energy to meet local needs and improve living conditions. Based on the literature review, 4 criteria and 16 subcriteria were identified and submitted to review using the AHP methodology (Hierarchical Analysis Process). It can be determined that the most important criterion is the economic, followed by the social, environmental, and technical, and a hierarchy of subcriteria related to each criterion is established, establishing that for the study area the best source of energy is photovoltaic solar by communities.

Dormir es una actividad fundamental para la salud, por lo que cuando ocurren alteraciones del sueño aumenta el riesgo de trastornos metabólicos, cardiovasculares, endocrinos y neurológicos. Los cambios anatómicos y la fisiología respiratoria del embarazo afectan el curso normal del sueño, impactando en la salud de la mujer embarazada a tal grado que las alteraciones del sueño durante la gestación se asocian con un mayor riesgo de complicaciones obstétricas como la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). La DMG afecta del 4 al 30% de los embarazos en México y se asocia con complicaciones a corto y largo plazo tanto en la madre como en el neonato. Una serie de estudios recientes proporcionan evidencia de una relación entre la alteración del sueño con el desarrollo de DMG y proponen al estrés oxidativo, la inflamación, la activación del sistema nervioso simpático y la desregulación hormonal como mecanismos subyacentes de dicha relación. Esto pone de relieve la importancia de la alteración del sueño como un factor modificable dirigido a una disminución de la frecuencia de DMG. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión descriptiva de los diferentes estudios publicados desde el año 2013 al 2022, que han abordado la relación entre la alteración del sueño con el desarrollo de DMG con énfasis en los mecanismos propuestos. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron PubMed Central y Scielo, utilizando las palabras clave: trastornos del sueño y diabetes gestacional.

Object tracking is an area of study of great interest to various researchers, where the main objective is to improve estimation of the trajectory of a moving object. This is due to the fact that in the object tracking process there are usually variations between the true position of the moving object and the estimated position, that is, the object is not exactly followed throughout its trajectory. These variations can be thought of as Colored Measurement Noise (CMN) caused by the object and the movement of the camera frame. In this paper, we treat such differences as Gauss-Markov colored measurement noise.We use Finite Impulse Response and Kalman Filters with a recursive strategy on the tracking: predict and update. To demonstrate the filter with the best performance, tests were carried out with simulated trajectories and with benchmarks from a database available online. The UFIR modified for CMN algorithm showed favorable results with high precision and accuracy in the object tracking process with benchamark data and under no ideal conditions.While KF CMN showed better results in tests with simulated data under ideal conditions.

This work presents the development of a tracking system for a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot. This kind of robot can perform rotation and translation in any pose. The arc-length segment described by the omni-wheels controls the trajectory of the robot. We present a simplified kinematic model in state-space. The observation system is based on an UltraWide Band ranging sensor. Finally made the state estimation using some classic positioning algorithms and compare the results against Finite Impulse Response Filter state estimators.

In this article, a comparison of the UFIR and Kalman filter to estimate a tracking vehicle system variables is developed considering two possible observation output models. The time stamp approach and the predictive compensation are used to analyze the problem from multiple perturbations, which produces random delayed data and losses during transmissions. For the estimation, a transformation model and a decorrelation covariance matrices are developed with the aim of assure optimal conditions and minimizing the estimation error. Finally, several real situations, miss modeling, uncertain noise covariances, and uncertain probabilities are proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the filter proposed.

How farms and the surrounding landscape are managed locally substantially affects biodiversity, with consequent impacts on the supply of certain ecosystem services, such as pollination. Wild bees provide pollination services for small-scale horticultural farming, and are key to determining and improving farm production, as well as maintaining ecosystem-level diversity. Here, we investigated how landscape composition and agroecological practices affect wild bee community in small-scale horticultural farms. The study was conducted at 16 horticultural farms in the northern part of Madrid. The pan-trapping method was used to collect wild bees during the flowering period of horticultural plants. We interviewed farmers to identify which agroecological practices were primarily adopted to attain a resilient ecosystem. The most common practices adopted were weed control methods, natural fertilizer usage, pest control, and crop diversification. In total, 109 wild bee species were identified, and included individuals from all six bee families present on the Iberian Peninsula. One genus (Lasioglossum) was highly abundant, accounting for 68% of individuals, and is a known ground nester. Areas of sparse vegetation and bare soil and forested areas primarily enhanced the richness of bee species. On the other hand, abundance of wild bees is enhanced by pasture and forest areas. The presence of these habitats in areas surrounding farms might represent the potential nesting sites with important resources for wild bees. Small-scale horticulture production promotes landscape diversity, which strongly promotes the potential of different ecosystem services, including pollination and wild bees. Thus, implementing agroecological practices could transcend farms, and individual fields, to the landscape level, providing long-term sustainability of ecosystems, This work was supported by the “Simbiosis api-agro” project funded by the European Union, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment and Madrid Regional Government under the Rural Development Programme (rdp-cm 2014-2020); and SAVIA-Sowing Alternatives for Agroecological Innovation project, which was supported by the Madrid Government under the Multiannual Agreement with Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation) (SI1/PJI/2019-00444)

Background Impairment of specific cognitive domains in schizophrenia has been associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) catecholaminergic deficits. Among other factors, prenatal exposure to infections represents an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia development in adulthood. However, it remains largely unknown whether the prenatal infection-induced changes in the brain may be associated with concrete switches in a particular neurochemical circuit, and therefore, if they could alter behavioral functions. Methods In vitro and in vivo neurochemical evaluation of the PFC catecholaminergic systems was performed in offspring from mice undergoing maternal immune activation (MIA). The cognitive status was also evaluated. Prenatal viral infection was mimicked by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) administration to pregnant dams (7.5 mg/kg i.p., gestational day 9.5) and consequences were evaluated in adult offspring. Results MIA-treated offspring showed disrupted recognition memory in the novel object recognition task (t = 2.30, p = 0.031). This poly(I:C)-based group displayed decreased extracellular dopamine (DA) concentrations compared to controls (t = 3.17, p = 0.0068). Potassium-evoked release of DA and noradrenaline (NA) were impaired in the poly(I:C) group (DA: Ft[10,90] = 43.33, p Ftr[1,90] = 1.224, p = 0.2972; Fi[10,90] = 5.916, p Ft[10,90] = 36.27, p Ftr[1,90] = 1.841, p = 0.208; Fi[10,90] = 8.686, p Ft[8,328] = 22.01, p tr[1,328] = 4.507, p = 0.040; Fi[8,328] = 2.319, p = 0.020; n = 43); (NA: Ft[8,328] = 52.07; p tr[1,328] = 4.322; p = 0.044; Fi[8,398] = 5.727; p 1 and D2 receptor expression (t = 2.64, p = 0.011 and t = 3.55, p = 0.0009; respectively), whereas tyrosine hydroxylase, DA and NA tissue content, DA and NA transporter (DAT/NET) expression and function were unaltered. Conclusions MIA induces in offspring a presynaptic catecholaminergic hypofunction in PFC with cognitive impairment. This poly(I:C)-based model reproduces catecholamine phenotypes reported in schizophrenia and represents an opportunity for the study of cognitive impairment associated to this disorder.

Blood sugar monitoring in diabetic patients is commonly provided with timing jitter caused by human factors. In this paper we address the problem by developing the robust H2 optimal finite impulse response (OFIR) filter under under possible disturbances, initial errors, and measurement errors. The filter is applied to data collected daily before breakfast from diabetic patients. It is shown that the robust H2-OFIR filter improves the accuracy of the OFIR filter by the factor of less than the fractional time jitter. That is, for large fractional timing jitter of 10% the improvement would be less than 10% that is small. Otherwise, it is worth using robust estimators.

A systematic review is presented with the purpose of exploring the trends associated with the development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) from Lesson Study. In the 21st century, technology established a complex and necessary relationship with different sectors of society, enabling different conceptual and practical models for the incorporation of technologies in teaching. TPACK was one of the most outstanding. In this perspective, a systematic literature review is presented taking into account 16 studies published between 2015 and 2021 with the purpose of analyzing the development of TPACK in teachers, in research that uses the Lesson Study (LS) as an intervention strategy. The review was carried out in April 2022 using the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Spinger Link, Proquest Central, Science Direct, Redalyc, Dialnet and Scielo. The phases of identification, screening, selection and inclusion of the flowchart of the PRISMA guide were applied. The results reveal that the LS constitutes a theoretical and practical framework that provides contextualized opportunities to work on the training needs and interests of teachers, promoting self-assessment and the construction of new conceptions about teaching with technologies. Therefore, the theoretical discussion reveals that the integrative vision of TPACK is the perspective that predominates the development of this type of research.

Se examina las diferentes formas de acompañamiento de la familia en el proceso educativo de sus hijos a partir de la variabilidad de los promedios de las pruebas de Estado 2016 obtenidos por las instituciones educativas oficiales en 27 municipios no certificados del Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Para el tamaño de la muestra se utilizó un muestreo polietápico, que arrojó en la primera etapa una muestra de 109 instituciones educativas distribuidas en tres estratos de municipios. En la segunda etapa se estimó un total de 629 familias seleccionadas con el método aleatorio simple. Los datos se analizaron con el método de análisis de componentes principales que permitió construir un índice de acompañamiento para establecer las correlaciones entre las variables. Como resultados relevantes se encontró ausencia de relación significativa entre el acompañamiento familiar y la variabilidad de los promedios de dichos resultados por municipios. Pero se constata que, a mayor acompañamiento de las familias en el proceso educativo, la probabilidad de obtener un puntaje promedio dentro del 50% más alto es 4.650 veces mayor. Entre las variables explicativas de mayor influencia en el acompañamiento familiar se obtuvo: vivir en zona urbana, los municipios entre 6 y 10 instituciones educativas, el sexo femenino, el mayor nivel de educación de los padres, las amas de casa y familias con acceso a computador. Se infiere la poca pertinencia de las Pruebas Saber 11 respecto a los aprendizajes adquiridos y los tipos de evaluación aplicados en las escuelas a sus estudiantes.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es probar la presencia del efecto flypaper y del efecto asimetría de reemplazo fiscal en los municipios de Colombia para el periodo 2000-2017. Se consideró un estudio para todas las categorías de municipios y otro solo para los de categoría sexta. Los siguientes datos fueron utilizados: operaciones efectivas de caja, categorización de los municipios e indicadores de población. Debido a las características de los datos, se realizó una estimación econométrica de Prais-Winsten con corrección de autocorrelación AR (1), obteniendo que, para el caso de todos los municipios (1101 en total) no se evidencia el efecto flypaper; no obstante, al analizar los 957 municipios que pertenecen a la categoría sexta (87 % del total), se evidencia la presencia del efecto flypaper y el de asimetría de reemplazo fiscal. Clasificación JEL: H72, H77, P16. Abstract: This article was elaborated to test the “flypaper effect” and the asymmetry effect of fiscal replacement in the municipalities of Colombia for the period 2000-2017. It was considered a municipalities analysis for all local government and another for the sixth category municipalities. For the analysis were used: effective cash operations, municipalities categorization, and population estimates. A Prais-Winsten econometric estimate was made with autocorrelation correction AR (1), giving the following results: for all municipalities, 1101 in total, the “flypaper effect” is not evident, however, when analyzing the 957 municipalities that belong to the sixth category (87 % of the total), the “flypaper effect” and the asymmetry effect are evident. Clasificación JEL: H72, H77, P16. Résumé : L’objectif de cet article est de tester la présence de l’effet flypaper et de l’effet de remplacement fiscal asymétrique dans les communes colombiennes pour la période 2000-2017. Une étude a été élaborée en considérant toutes les catégories de communes et une autre étude ne considérant que les communes de la sixième catégorie. Les données suivantes ont été utilisées : opérations de caisse réelles, catégorisation des communes et estimations de population. En raison des caractéristiques des données utilisées, nous utilisons une estimation économétrique du type Prais-Winsten avec correction d’autocorrélation AR (1). Cette estimation permet de constater que, dans le cas de toutes les communes (1101 au total), l’effet flypaper n’est pas évident, tandis que la présence des effets de flypaper et d’asymétrie de remplacement fiscal ont été constatés lorsqu’on considère les 957 communes qui appartiennent à la sixième catégorie (87 % du total). Clasificación JEL: H72, H77, P16.

Astrocytes are considered an essential source of blood-borne glucose or its metabolites to neurons. Nonetheless, the necessity of the main astrocyte glucose transporter, i.e. GLUT1, for brain glucose metabolism has not been defined. Unexpectedly, we found that brain glucose metabolism was paradoxically augmented in mice with astrocytic GLUT1 ablation (GLUT11′GFAP mice). These mice also exhibited improved peripheral glucose metabolism especially in obesity, rendering them metabolically healthier. Importantly, GLUT11′GFAP mice did not present cognitive alterations. Mechanistically, we observed that GLUT1-ablated astrocytes exhibited increased insulin receptor-dependent ATP release, and both astrocyte insulin signalling and brain purinergic signalling are essential for improved brain function and systemic glucose metabolism. Collectively, we demonstrate that astrocytic GLUT1 is central to the regulation of brain energetics, yet its ablation triggers a reprogramming of brain metabolism sufficient to sustain energy requirements, peripheral glucose homeostasis and cognitive function.

To investigate the association of omentin-1 and inflammatory factors in serum and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to normal pregnant (NP) subjects. Furthermore, to examine their correlation with maternal clinical characteristics. We compared 116 GDM women to 115 NP women, at the time of cesarean section. Circulating omentin-1 and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RA, IL-10) were examined. Moreover, their mRNA expression in VAT, along with inflammatory factors involved in the NF-κB pathway (TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB, IKκB), were examined. Circulating omentin-1 (p = 0.022) was lower and circulating IL-1-β, IL-1RA, as well as IL-10 (p = 0.005, p = 0.007, and p = 0.015, respectively), were higher in GDM compared to NP women. Omentin-1 correlated negatively with pre-pregnancy and gestational BMI, and HOMA-IR in all women, but was not associated with cytokines. TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10 mRNA expression in VAT was lower in GDM compared with controls (p

Kinetic analysis for the combustion of three agro-industrial biomass residues (coconut husk, corn husk, and rice husk) was carried out in order to provide information for the generation of energy from them. The analysis was performed using the results of the data obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at three heating rates (10, 20, and 30 K/min). The biomass residues were characterized in terms of proximate analysis, elemental analysis, calorific value, lignin content, α-cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and holocellulose content. The biomass fuels were thermally degraded in an oxidative atmosphere. The results showed that the biomass thermal degradation process is comprised of the combustion of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The kinetic parameters of the distributed activation energy model indicated that the activation energy distribution for the pseudocomponents follows lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in descending order. The activation energy values for each set of reactions are similar between the heating rates, which suggests that it is independent of the heating rate between 10 K/min and 30 K/min. For all the biomass samples, the increased heating rate resulted in the overlap of the hemicellulose and cellulose degradation events.

El mielomeningocele es una de las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes en Honduras, que se caracteriza por un cierre anormal de la lámina posterior de los cuerpos vertebrales, con la exposición de las estructuras nerviosas. El propósito de esta revisión fue recopilar información que apoye la práctica clínica oportuna en pacientes con mielomeningocele, especialmente en la literatura médica hondureña, reforzada con literatura de otras revistas médicas nacionales e internacionales, en la base de datos PubMed y LILACS, para el periodo 1985- 2018. En conclusión, dar un manejo oportuno proporciona un mejor pronóstico y calidad de vida a los pacientes con defectos del tubo neural.

Entrepreneurial intention is often considered the key determinant of business creation and the development of entrepreneurial behavior. To date, most studies on the determinants of entrepreneurial intention have collected data from undergraduate or graduate university students. In contrast, the present study addresses this issue at the secondary education level. The primary objective is to test students’ entrepreneurial intention between 16 and 18 years in Chile’s Secondary Technical-Professional Education programs. For this purpose, we applied a survey to a sample of 2373 students attending four different Technical-Professional Education Centres located in three different regions of this country. Based on the Entrepreneurial Potential Model, we tested the influence of perceived feasibility, perceived desirability, and propensity to act on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Applying a well-fitted logistic regression model shows that students with moderate risk propensity are more likely to show entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the study observed no association between perceived feasibility nor perceived desirability of a business venture with students’ entrepreneurial intention; nor was a relationship found between the propensity to act and students’ entrepreneurial intention.

Peripheral inputs continuously shape brain function and can influence memory acquisition, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. Cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) is a well-recognized player in memory performance, and its systemic modulation significantly influences memory function. By assessing low arousal/non-emotional recognition memory in mice, we found a relevant role of peripheral CB1R in memory persistence. Indeed, the peripherally-restricted CB1R specific antagonist AM6545 showed significant mnemonic effects that were occluded in adrenalectomized mice, and after peripheral adrenergic blockade. AM6545 also transiently impaired contextual fear memory extinction. Vagus nerve chemogenetic inhibition reduced AM6545-induced mnemonic effect. Genetic CB1R deletion in dopamine β-hydroxylase-expressing cells enhanced recognition memory persistence. These observations support a role of peripheral CB1R modulating adrenergic tone relevant for cognition. Furthermore, AM6545 acutely improved brain connectivity and enhanced extracellular hippocampal norepinephrine. In agreement, intra-hippocampal β-adrenergic blockade prevented AM6545 mnemonic effects. Altogether, we disclose a novel CB1R-dependent peripheral mechanism with implications relevant for lengthening the duration of non-emotional memory.

espanolObjetivo: caracterizar las concepciones del perfil docente constructor de paz de estudiantes y profesores en escuelas publicas ubicadas en zonas de posconflicto colombiano. Metodologia: Se contemplo un diseno de investigacion no experimental, descriptivo, de corte transversal, mediante el uso de la tecnica de Redes Semanticas Naturales Modificadas (RSNM). En el estudio participaron 233 estudiantes y 36 profesores seleccionados a partir de un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia, quienes asisten a cuatro instituciones educativas oficiales del sector rural (zona priorizada por el posconflicto) localizadas en la zona troncal del caribe de la ciudad de Santa Marta, en el departamento del Magdalena. Para el analisis y procesamiento de los datos se tuvieron en cuenta las categorias de la tecnica RSNM: Tamano de la Red (J), Frecuencia (F), Peso Semantico (M), Grupo SAM, Distancia Semantica (FMG) y Densidad de la Red (G); complementadas por el metodo Importancia Frecuencia (IF) y el analisis consensual de las RSNM configuradas por los diferentes grupos poblacionales estudiados. Resultados: las definidoras Respetuoso y Tolerante se evidenciaron como los conceptos nucleares constitutivos de la concepcion del perfil docente constructor de paz desde las voces de estudiantes y profesores pertenecientes a estas escuelas. Conclusiones: la concepcion del perfil docente constructor de paz en voces de estudiantes y profesores de escuelas publicas del caribe colombiano, resalta valores universales y morales como el respeto y la tolerancia cuando se piensa en procesos configurativos de paz en poblaciones que historicamente han sido afectadas por el conflicto armado portuguesObjetivo: caracterizar as concepcoes do perfil de professor construtor de paz de alunos e professores em escolas publicas localizadas em areas de pos-conflito colombiano. Metodologia: um projeto de pesquisa nao experimental, descritivo e transversal foi contemplado atraves do uso da tecnica de Redes Semanticas Naturais Modificadas (RSNM). O estudo envolveu 233 alunos e 36 professores selecionados a partir de uma amostragem nao probabilistica por conveniencia, que atendem quatro instituicoes de ensino oficiais do setor rural (area prioritaria pre-conflito) localizadas na area tronco do Caribe da cidade de Santa Marta, no departamento de Magdalena. Para a analise e processamento dos dados, foram tidas em conta as categorias da tecnica RSNM: Tamanho da rede (J), Frequencia (F), Peso Semântico (M), Grupo SAM, Distância Semântica (FMG) e Densidade de Rede (G); complementadas pelo metodo de Importância da Frequencia (IF) e pela analise consensual das RSNM configuradas pelos diferentes grupos populacionais estudados. Resultados: os definidores Respetuoso e Tolerante foram evidenciados como os conceitos nucleares que constituem a concepcao do perfil de ensino de construcao da paz a partir das vozes de alunos e professores pertencentes a essas escolas. Conclusoes: a concepcao do perfil de professor construtor de paz nas vozes de estudantes e professores de escolas publicas do Caribe colombiano, destaca valores universais e morais, como respeito e tolerância ao pensar em definir processos de paz em populacoes historicamente afetadas por conflitos armados. EnglishObjective: to characterize the conceptions of the peacebuilding teacher profile of students and teachers in public schools located in Colombian post-conflict regions. Methodology: a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional research design was considered, using the Modified Natural Semantic Networks (RSNM) technique. Two hundred thirty-three students and 36 teachers selected from a non-probabilistic convenience sampling participated in the study. They attend four official educational institutions in the rural sector (a zone prioritized by the post-conflict) located in the Troncal del Caribe zone of the city of Santa Marta, in the department of Magdalena. For the analysis and processing of the data, the RSNM technique categories were taken into account: Network Size (J), Frequency (F), Semantic Weight (M), SAM Group, Semantic Distance (FMG) and Density of the Network (G); they were complemented by the Importance Frequency (IF) method and the consensual analysis of the RSNM configured by the different population groups studied. Results: the defining characteristics Respectful and Tolerant were evidenced as the constitutive core concepts of the conception of the peacebuilding teacher profile from the voices of students and teachers belonging to these schools. Conclusions: the conception of the peacebuilding teacher profile in the voices of students and teachers of public schools in the Colombian Caribbean highlights universal and moral values such as respect and tolerance when thinking about configuring peace processes in populations that have historically been affected by the armed conflict.

Dynamic typed languages are characterized by their expressiveness and flexibility to develop prototypes, while static typed languages allow early detection of errors and the optimization of source code. Gradual typing languages allow programmers to make use of both approaches, static and dynamic typing, and thus, obtaining the advantages that both represent. The objective here is to revisit the static part of the approach to a gradual interpretation of union types based on the design of Gradual Union Types through an extension with the record data-structure. This contributes to understand the abstraction and reasoning behind Gradual Typing in order to have useful future extensions for other data-structures.

Stand out contribution of pericytes and cancer stem cells (CSC) to progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Reported that CSC are responsible for the initiation and spread of the tumor; however, the microenvironment in the tumor plays a decisive role in prognosis; CSC and pericytes interaction are capable of contributing to neovascularization and promoting metastasis. We reviewed the contribution of cellular communication between pericytes, endothelial cells, and CSC with focus vascular remodeling, metastasis, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. Also, we were analyzed concise microRNAs and approved therapeutic target with the potential anti-angiogenic as treatment of CRC. This work seeks to give an overview of pericytes in cancer and their role angiogenic with CSC in CRC.

La actual situación a nivel mundial y la competitividad en el mercado ha puesto en manifiesto la necesidad de emprender y activar diferentes tipos de estrategias de marketing digital. La presente investigación muestra un análisis de la utilización de herramientas digitales por emprendedores, específicamente en estudiantes del noveno semestre de la Universidad Israel, siendo esta etapa universitaria decisiva para quienes desean desarrollar su negocio, basado en las técnicas aplicadas en el aula de clases. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva, se aplicó una encuesta a 61 emprendedores que posteriormente fue analizada mediante el método estadístico. En los resultados se evidencia que un mayor porcentaje de los encuestados tiene conocimiento en el marketing digital y que el uso de estas estrategias ha beneficiado su emprendimiento e incrementado sus ventas. A su vez, se reitera que las redes sociales siguen siendo el medio digital principal para publicitar. El adecuado conocimiento y aplicación de estas estrategias y tecnologías permite alcanzar una mejor fidelización y conexión con los clientes potenciales.

Aim The objective of this review is to describe the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance at the maternal-placental interface, and to discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in pre-eclampsia. Methods A literature review was performed based on the analysis of papers available on PubMed. The most important and relevant studies regarding the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia are presented in this article. Results The maternal-placental interface is the site where the immune tolerance begins and develops. Within the innate immunity, natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells play a pivotal role in tolerance through regulation of inflammation. On the other hand, within the adaptive immunity, the correct increase of regulatory T cells is crucial for ensuring immune tolerance toward placental cells. Disturbances in maternal tolerance can lead to the appearance of pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia, which has a considerable impact on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Conclusion Our partial knowledge of immunological mechanisms involved in tolerance at the maternal-placental interface indicates that pre-eclampsia is characterized by alterations of this maternal immune tolerance, which could represent the origin of the disease.

Deep learning models have been particularly successful with image recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). However, the learning of a contrast invariance and rotation equivariance response may fail even with very deep CNNs or by large data augmentations in training. We were inspired by the V1 visual features of the mammalian visual system to emulate as much as possible the early visual system and add more invariant capacities to the CNN. We present a new quaternion local phase convolutional neural network layer encoding three local phases. We present two experimental setups: An image classification task with four contrast levels, and a linear regression task that predicts the rotation angle of an image. In sum, we obtain new patterns and feature representations for deep learning, which capture illumination invariance and a linear response to rotation angles.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of the context to establish family typologies based on the control and prevention of dengue in the Department of Córdoba, Colombia, through a cross-sectional analytical study carried out during the year 2021 with 328 families. For this purpose, the proportional random stratified sampling technique was used, with a 90% confidence level and 7% error. Associations between pairs of variables were measured using the chi-square test at a significance level of 5%. For the joint measurement of the associations between variables, a multiple correspondence analysis was used. The grouping of families was done using a conglomerate analysis (cluster) and Ward's hierarchical agglomerative method. Four types of families were determined, highlighting two among them. The first, with 163 households, mainly from Montería, groups families with better educational levels, higher income, greater participation in preventive programs, better access to public services and less presence of stagnant water; the second group is composed by families with incomplete elementary school, precarious access to drinking water and/or sewage services, lower economic income and higher prevalence of the triggers for the spread of the vector. The analysis of the link family/dengue prevention justifies further studies on the subject for the implementation of comprehensive contextualized strategies that address the particularities of the territory and the variability of sociodemographic characteristics.Se buscó analizar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas y los factores de riesgo del contexto para establecer tipologías familiares en función del control y prevención del dengue en el Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, a través de un estudio analítico transversal realizado durante el año 2021 con 328 familias. Para el efecto se utilizó la técnica del muestreo estratificado aleatorio proporcional, con un nivel de 90% de confianza y 7% de error. La medición de las asociaciones entre pares de variables se hizo mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado a un nivel de significancia del 5%. Para la medición en conjunto de las asociaciones entre variables se utilizó un análisis de correspondencias múltiple. La agrupación de las familias se hizo mediante un análisis de conglomerados (clúster) y el método aglomerativo jerárquico de Ward. Se determinaron cuatro tipologías de familias, resaltándose dos entre ellas. El primero, de 163 hogares, principalmente de Montería, agrupa familias con mejores niveles educativos, mayores ingresos, mayor participación en programas preventivos, mejor acceso a servicios públicos y menor presencia de aguas estancadas; el segundo grupo, lo integran familias con primaria incompleta, precariedad en el acceso al servicio de agua potable y/o alcantarillado, menores ingresos económicos y mayor prevalencia de los detonantes para la propagación del vector. El análisis del vínculo familia/prevención del dengue amerita la profundización de estudios sobre el tema para la implementación de estrategias integrales contextualizadas que atiendan las particularidades del territorio y la variabilidad de las características sociodemográficas.O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a relação entre características sociodemográficas e fatores de risco do contexto para estabelecer tipologias familiares baseadas no controle e prevenção da dengue no Departamento de Córdoba, Colômbia, por meio de um estudo analítico transversal realizado durante o ano de 2021 com 328 famílias. Para tanto, foi utilizada a técnica de amostragem estratificada aleatória proporcional, com nível de 90% de confiança e erro de 7%. As associações entre os pares de variáveis ​​foram medidas pelo teste qui-quadrado a um nível de significância de 5%. Para a mensuração conjunta das associações entre as variáveis, foi utilizada a análise de correspondência múltipla. O agrupamento das famílias foi feito por meio de análise de conglomerado (cluster) e método aglomerativo hierárquico de Ward. Foram determinados quatro tipos de famílias, destacando-se dois. O primeiro, de 163 domicílios, principalmente de Montería, agrupa famílias com melhor nível educacional, maior renda, maior participação em programas preventivos, melhor acesso a serviços públicos e menor presença de água estagnada; o segundo grupo é formado por famílias com Ensino Fundamental incompleto, acesso precário a serviços de água potável e/ou esgotamento sanitário, menor renda econômica e maior prevalência dos desencadeantes da disseminação do vetor. A análise do vínculo família/prevenção da dengue justifica estudos sobre o tema para a implementação de estratégias abrangentes e contextualizadas que contemplem as particularidades do território e a variabilidade das características sociodemográficas.

In this paper we model the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico by introducing a new stochastic approximation constructed from first principles, where the number of new infected individuals caused by a single infectious individual per unit time (a day), is a random variable of a time-dependent Poisson distribution. The model, structured on the basis of a Latent-Infectious-(Recovered or Deceased) (LI(RD)) compartmental approximation together with a modulation of the mean number of new infections (the Poisson parameters), provides a good tool to study theoretical and real scenarios.

(1) Background: Several opportunities have appeared for the dissemination of culture and heritage thanks in part to the widespread use of information and communications technologies. Virtual museums have appeared as innovative technological products but often lack an evaluation of the impact that they have and their success in achieving their purpose. In this sense, this work seeks to evaluate the impact of a virtual museum on users’ attitudes toward cultural heritage. (2) Methods: We used a factorial design of 2 (direction of thoughts: positive vs. negative) × 2 (presence level: high vs. low) × 2 (virtual museum vs. interactive website). (3) Results: Attitudes toward heritage can change as a function of a multimedia experience, thought favorability, and presence. In a virtual museum, when general attitudes are evaluated, a sense of high psychological presence reduces the effect that thoughts (especially when negative) have on attitudes. However, in the case of visiting an interactive website, the effect of the direction of thoughts on attitudes occurred regardless of conditions of high or low presence. Similar tendencies are observed for specific attitudinal objects. (4) Conclusion: A virtual museum can have different effects depending on the interaction of important variables from the virtual reality literature and not only the classic main effects. Recommendations for interventions and future practical and theoretical work are presented.

La producción científica en Latinoamérica en relación con la tecnología e informática en la educación, ofrece un panorama de lo que está ocurriendo en países homólogos frente al tema. Esta obra presenta las principales tendencias investigativas, de los últimos 5 años a nivel de 5 países: Colombia, Argentina, Chile, México y Venezuela, con el objeto de interpretar y recoger los discursos más relevantes en el período 2015 - 2019. Para ello se determina revisar las publicaciones realizadas en Latindex, sistematizar y analizar la información producida en el campo objeto de estudio. El libro aborda en cada capítulo las categorías conceptuales: formación de maestros y TIC, tecnología educativa, tecnología y sociedad, ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje (AVA), enseñanza-aprendizaje, y herramientas TIC, mediante análisis cualitativo de datos. Este proceso investigativo da cuenta de las apuestas dadas por los países objeto de estudio, para llevar las TIC a la educación, siendo evidente el uso en paralelo al currículo, articulado con asuntos políticos, de infraestructura, económicos, sociales y éticos, como los más relevantes.

This work presents an object tracking process using Kalman and UFIR filters, standard and modified for Colored Measurement Noise (CMN). UFIR CMN showed favorable results with no ideal conditions, and KF CMN for ideal conditions.

Se buscó analizar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas y los factores de riesgo del contexto para establecer tipologías familiares en función del control y prevención del dengue en el Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, a través de un estudio analítico transversal realizado durante el año 2021 con 328 familias. Para el efecto se utilizó la técnica del muestreo estratificado aleatorio proporcional, con un nivel de 90% de confianza y 7% de error. La medición de las asociaciones entre pares de variables se hizo mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado a un nivel de significancia del 5%. Para la medición en conjunto de las asociaciones entre variables se utilizó un análisis de correspondencias múltiple. La agrupación de las familias se hizo mediante un análisis de conglomerados (clúster) y el método aglomerativo jerárquico de Ward. Se determinaron cuatro tipologías de familias, resaltándose dos entre ellas. El primero, de 163 hogares, principalmente de Montería, agrupa familias con mejores niveles educativos, mayores ingresos, mayor participación en programas preventivos, mejor acceso a servicios públicos y menor presencia de aguas estancadas; el segundo grupo, lo integran familias con primaria incompleta, precariedad en el acceso al servicio de agua potable y/o alcantarillado, menores ingresos económicos y mayor prevalencia de los detonantes para la propagación del vector. El análisis del vínculo familia/prevención del dengue amerita la profundización de estudios sobre el tema para la implementación de estrategias integrales contextualizadas que atiendan las particularidades del territorio y la variabilidad de las características sociodemográficas.