1. Label-free independent quantitation of viable and non-viable cells using a multivariable multi-resonant sensor
- Author
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Victoria Cotero, Vincent F. Pizzi, Jon Albert Dieringer, Klaus Gebauer, Gunnar Malmquist, Steve Go, Yongjae Lee, Matthew Vaughan Schulmerich, Andreas Castan, and Radislav A. Potyrailo
- Subjects
Cell Survival ,Cell ,Biophysics ,Biosensing Techniques ,CHO Cells ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Cell therapy ,Bioreactors ,Cricetulus ,Electric Impedance ,Electrochemistry ,Bioreactor ,medicine ,Animals ,Viability assay ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Label free ,Chemistry ,Multivariable calculus ,Chinese hamster ovary cell ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Equipment Design ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Resonant sensor ,0104 chemical sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dielectric Spectroscopy ,Multivariate Analysis ,0210 nano-technology ,Biological system - Abstract
Biological cells are utilized for diverse biotechnological and bioengineering purposes ranging from the production of biopharmaceuticals, to cell therapy, "human-on-a-chip" drug and toxicology assays, and drug-resistance tests. In these and other applications, it is critical to quantify the levels of not only viable but also non-viable cells. While traditional off-line cell-staining methods are available for counting of non-viable cells, many applications cannot periodically remove cells for their off-line analysis because of the risk of contamination or workflow logistics. Here we show in-situ label-free quantitation of viable and non-viable cells with multivariable multi-resonant sensors. We used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in suspension culture in single-use bioreactors as a representative example. The resonant sensor design strategy permitted enhanced sensor sensitivity versus conventional non-resonant measurements and probed the spectral dispersion of viable and non-viable cells with multiple resonances. These capabilities of label-free in-situ analysis of cell viability can be attractive in diverse cell applications such as cell suspensions, adhered cells, and their 3D assemblages.
- Published
- 2019