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The effects of conifer-release alternatives on songbird densities (determined by territory mapping, mist netting, and banding) in four young (four to seven year old) spruce plantations were examined. Twenty to 38 (block dependent) species bred on each treatment block. Post-treatment data revealed no major treatment-related changes in breeding bird species composition. The mean density of all birds decreased from 6.9 pairs ha−1 pre-treatment, to 6.3 pairs ha−1 in the first post-treatment growing season (P > 0.05). Mean densities of the 11 most common species increased by 0.35 ha−1 on the control plots during the first post-treatment growing season, but decreased on treated plots by 1.1 ha−1 (brush saw), 1.6 ha−1 (Silvana Selective), 0.14 ha−1 (Release®) and 0.72 ha−1 (Vision®). Following the conifer-release treatments, Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) had lower (P

Long-distance migrants wintering in tropical regions face a number of critical conservation threats throughout their lives, but seasonal estimates of key demographic parameters such as winter survival are rare. Using mist-netting-based mark-recapture data collected in coastal Costa Rica over a six-year period, we examined variation in withinand between-winter survivorship of the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea; 753 young and 376 adults banded), a declining neotropical habitat specialist that depends on threatened mangrove forests during the nonbreeding season. We derived parallel seasonal survivorship estimates for the Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis; 564 young and 93 adults banded), a cohabitant mangrove specialist that has not shown the same population decline in North America, to assess whether contrasting survivorship might contribute to the observed differences in the species’ population trajectories. Although average annual survival probability was relatively similar between the two species for both young and adult birds, monthly estimates indicated that relative to Northern Waterthrush, Prothonotary Warblers exhibited: greater interannual variation in survivorship, especially within winters; greater variation in survivorship among the three study sites; lower average between-winter survivorship, particularly among females, and; a sharp decline in between-winter survivorship from 2003 to 2009 for both age groups and both sexes. Rather than identifying one seasonal vital rate as a causal factor of Prothonotary Warbler population declines, our species comparison suggests that the combination of variable within-winter survival with decreasing between-winter survival demands a multi-seasonal approach to the conservation of this and other tropicalwintering migrants. RESUME. Les migrateurs de longue distance qui hivernent dans les regions tropicales font face a d’importantes menaces tout au long de leur vie, et les estimations saisonnieres de parametres demographiques cles, comme la survie hivernale, sont rares. A partir de donnees de capture-recapture recoltees avec des filets japonais pendant 6 ans au Costa Rica, nous avons examine la variation de la survie intraet inter-hivernale de la Paruline orangee (Protonotaria citrea; 753 jeunes et 376 adultes bagues), migrateur neotropical en declin qui depend des mangroves menacees en dehors de la saison de reproduction. De la meme facon, nous avons estime la survie saisonniere de la Paruline des ruisseaux (Seiurus noveboracensis; 564 jeunes et 93 adultes bagues), espece specialiste de la mangrove qui cohabite avec la precedente, mais dont les populations n’ont pas montre le meme declin en Amerique du Nord. Ces donnees ont ete utilisees afin d’evaluer si les taux de survie differents des deux especes peuvent expliquer en partie les differences observees dans leurs trajectoires demographiques. Quoique la probabilite de survie annuelle moyenne etait relativement semblable chez les deux especes, tant pour les jeunes que pour les adultes, les estimations mensuelles ont indique que, comparativement a la Paruline des ruisseaux, la Paruline orangee montrait des variations interannuelles plus grandes de son taux de survie (particulierement durant un meme hiver), une plus grande variation de son taux de survie entre les trois sites d’etude, un taux de survie interhivernal moyen plus faible (particulierement Bird Studies Canada, Thunder Cape Bird Observatory Avian Conservation and Ecology Ecologie et conservation des oiseaux 5(1): 2 http://www.ace-eco.org/vol5/iss1/art2/ chez les femelles) et un declin prononce de son taux de survie interhivernal de 2003 a 2009 pour les deux groupes d’âges et les deux sexes. Etant donne les resultats differents obtenus pour nos deux especes cibles et la variabilite du taux de survie intrahivernal combinee a la diminution du taux de survie interhivernal observees chez la Paruline orangee, nous croyons que la conservation de cette espece et celle d’autres migrateurs neotropicaux doivent etre abordees selon une approche multi-saisonniere.

Verbal material is inevitably encountered in adult psychiatry. This paper describes and discusses an approach to music therapy which admits of this, seeks to understand its significance and to use it in the service of therapy. The origins of the approach are considered and elements of theory and technique derived from group analysis and psychotherapy and their application are described and discussed. The therapist's verbal and musical role is considered in the light of this and conclusions are drawn as to the advantages and insights gained by the adoption of the approach.

An evaluation of Aldous Huxley's Literature and Science (1963) is presented here in the context of the 'two-cultures' debate with emphasis on Huxley's distinction between literature and science on the basis of their function, psychology, and language. Huxley's challenge to writers in a scientific age to work out appropriate private responses to important public aspects of modern science is considered next. A review of critical contributions since Huxley in the area of literature and science follows, including work on epistemology, education academic and professional specialization and the public understanding of science. Full bibliographical references and other details are provided in notes.Recent creative work in the field is examined critically, including fiction, science narratives, new-journalistic encounters with technology, science fiction both realistic and speculative, and poetry and essay exploring new view of nature and their social corollaries. Brief remarks on trends and possibilities...

THE WORLDS OF LITERATURE AND POLITICS today are in some ways dramatically different-the one critical, devoted to spirit and sensibility, and experienced in private affairs; the other constructive, and devoted largely to the practical affairs of the various groups to which each of us belongs. And yet the two worlds are not entirely dissimilar; they intersect at points. For instance, unlike that of science, the business of both is conducted in versions of the vernacular that are widely understood by lay persons, and in both realms there are speakers who require our assent to their views of the world for their success. The evidence as to whether the two worlds are compatible is also mixed. Politics, after a period of dwindling favor, has in the last decade or so become an acceptable topic in literary discussion. The converse, however, does not hold. To bring literature or the literary point of view into a discussion of politics is in most cases to run the risk of being declared irrelevant or subversive. This judgment is not without some reason. Literature's own Auden, after all, told the world that poetry makes nothing happen. Although Auden meant the remark as praise, its truth-that art is primarily reflexive, and not pragmatic-easily turns into criticism of the remoteness of literature from public affairs. The charge of subversiveness also comes from within as well as from without, from the British novelist and physicist and man of affairs C. P. Snow, who in his provocative essays on the "two cultures" argued that literary people's obsession with private experience makes them selfish and overly pessimistic about the prospects for the improvement of the human condition. Yet, while there is some truth in the charges of irrelevance and subversiveness, they do not tell the whole story. Their truth is not necessarily more important than that found in contradicting remarks-such as Solzhenitsyn's in The First Circle, for instance, that a great writer is like a (much needed) second government to his country. A properly broad view of the literary perspective on politics, then, must acknowledge all three truths, agnostic, negative, and positive, and explain something of the relations between them. I will attempt in this essay to describe such a perspective by answering the question: How might literary training-that is, learning to live and work in and with literature-affect, for better and for worse, one's view of the world of politics? For the purposes of discussion, I will make two assumptions: first, that the generalization "literary person' is a meaningful one; and, second, that the most pervasive effects on literary people's view of politics are a result of their doing what