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A transmissão de mensagens entre emissor e recetor está bastante presente na natureza de diversas formas. Na espécie humana a comunicação foi evoluindo ao longo dos milénios, desde apenas sons, passando pelas línguas clássicas, até chegar às línguas modernas. A comunicação tem um poder muito grande no ser humano, ao longo da história esta ferramenta tão poderosa foi várias vezes utilizada para o mal. Um bom exemplo disso são as campanhas publicitárias de Goebbels na Alemanha Nazi. Neste artigo vou abordar como a comunicação influencia as massas e o quão fácil é tornar isso exequível. Para fazer isso irei suportar-me de estudos, reportagens e artigos relacionados com a neurociência e o comportamento humano., The Trends Hub, N.º 3 (2023): The Trends Hub 2023

PurposeThis manuscript studies municipal transparency in Iberian countries, Spain and Portugal, to analyse similarities and differences in both countries. Despite some political-administrative similarities, the way Spain and Portugal, deal with the issue of transparency may vary.Design/methodology/approachBased on the levels of municipal transparency, this work aims to analyse how legal and institutional context and political factors framed the way municipalities are managing the “naming and shaming” approach resulting from the creation of the Municipal Transparency Index. A descriptive analysis of the levels of municipal transparency will be carried out and a multivariate analysis to study the characteristics that may be determining differences and similarities between the two countries.FindingsThe study shows similarities in municipal transparency in Iberian countries, the positive effect of the “naming and shaming” approach on transparency and the influence of legal and institutional factors in transparency.Originality/valueWhile there is extensive attention to municipal transparency at the country level, less research focuses on comparing municipal transparency in countries that have similar political-administrative characteristics. This study addresses this research gap by investigating two neighbouring countries.

A qualidade da prestação dos serviços públicos é um tema presente na agenda dos governos. A criação do Serviço Integrado de Atendimento ao Cidadão (SIAC), em Angola, procurou introduzir uma nova forma de prestação de serviços públicos, na qual a qualidade foi uma preocupação. O objectivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção que os cidadãos têm sobre a qualidade dos serviços prestados nos SIAC’s, de modo a inferir o grau de satisfação dos mesmos, assim como verificar se as dimensões da qualidade têm sido percebidas pelos usuários como devidamente atendidas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário junto de uma amostra representativa dos usuários deste serviço, em Luanda, utilizando a escala SERVQUAL. Foi realizada uma análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla, através da IBM SPSS (versão 25). A componente empírica do estudo validou todas as cinco hipóteses apresentadas, demonstrando que a dimensão empatia é o preditor mais forte para prever a satisfação, enquanto, o preditor com menos contributo é a dimensão tangibilidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, os SIAC’s contribuíram para o aumento da percepção da qualidade dos serviços públicos. O que denota que a modernização administrativa implementada pelo PREA, relativamente ao SIAC, está a produzir os efeitos desejados em termos de políticas públicas. Por fim, o presente estudo tem particular relevância para a literatura da qualidade dos serviços públicos, na medida que amplia o alcance de utilização das escalas SERVQUAL para um contexto que o diferencia dos estudos anteriores – o sector público angolano., The quality of public services delivery is an issue on the government's agenda. The creation of the Integrated Citizen Service (SIAC) in Angola sought to introduce a new way of providing public services, in which quality was a concern. The aim of this paper is to analyse the perception that the citizens have about the quality of the services rendered in SIAC's, in way to infer the degree of satisfaction of the same ones, as well as verifying the dimensions of the quality they have been noticed by the users as properly assisted. The research was accomplished through the application of an inquiry by questionnaire close to the representative sample of the users of this service, in Luanda, using the SERVQUAL scale. An analysis of Multiple Lineal Regression was accomplished, through IBM SPSS (version 25). The empirical component of the study was validated all the five presented hypotheses, demonstrating that the dimension of empathy is the strongest preditor to foresee the satisfaction, while, the preditor with less contributor is the dimension of tangibility. The results obtained indicate that the SIAC's contributed to the increase of the perception of the quality of the public services. This indicates that the administrative modernization implemented by PREA in relation to SIAC is producing the desired effects in terms of public policies. Finally, this study is particularly relevant to the literature on the quality of public services, as it expand the scope of use of SERVQUAL scales to measure the quality of services in a context that differentiates it from previous studies - the Angolan public sector.

Three related and morphologically similar small Psammodromus species (P. hispanicus complex) occur in the Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean France, Psammodromus hispanicus, Psammodromus occidentalis, and Psammodromus edwarsianus. Despite recent works, overall ranges of the species remain partially uncertain, in particular for Westernmost part of Iberia and South-western France. Here we include data from 15 additional specimens that were sequenced for part of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome b to allow comparison with published data. We provide genetic confirmation that P. edwarsianus is the species of the complex occurring in France, and that P. occidentalis occurs on coastal and inland Portugal. Within P. occidentalis notable diversity occurs for this marker, which warrants further investigation. Some areas, particularly southern Portugal, still need assessment to clarify the distribution of these mostly cryptic species across the region.

A Formação em Técnicas de Condução é uma área pouco estudada em Portugal. Porém, a condução é uma tarefa que acompanha os polícias diariamente e se não houver formação específica nesta área, o hábito pode consolidar práticas contrárias ao que uma formação nesta área comporta. O Curso de Formação em Técnicas de Condução atualmente em vigor na Polícia de Segurança Pública é relativamente recente, tendo tido a sua conceção no ano de 2021. Contudo, esta é uma formação ministrada por um ínfimo e reduzido número de formadores (12), os quais para estarem habilitados, precisam de em si congregar determinados atributos, bem como estarem colocados no Corpo de Segurança Pessoal da Unidade Especial de Polícia da Polícia de Segurança Pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar o grau de capacitação dos polícias em técnicas de condução e o grau de importância atribuído ao Curso de Formação em Técnicas de Condução na Polícia, voltado para a prática profissional. Procurou-se igualmente, apurar os benefícios da introdução da Formação em Técnicas de Condução num módulo das Técnicas de Intervenção Policial, no sentido de dinamizar a formação, fazendo-a chegar a todos os polícias. Para alcançar o objetivo aplicou-se um inquérito por questionário a 145 polícias a desempenharem funções no Comando Metropolitano de Lisboa (3.ª Divisão Policial, Divisão Policial de Loures e Divisão de Trânsito), onde apenas um polícia detém este tipo de formação, tendo-se aferido com o questionário que, cerca de metade da amostra considerou estar “Nada preparado” ou “Pouco preparado” quanto à capacitação em técnicas de condução. Apurou-se ainda que, 94,1% dos inquiridos “Concorda” ou “Concorda totalmente”, quanto à importância do Curso de Formação em Técnicas de Condução Policial. Destarte, conclui-se que o nível de preparação e de capacitação de um profissional está intimamente ligado com a formação que recebe por parte da organização à qual pertence, sendo que todo o profissional órfão nesta matéria, produzirá na certeza com menor qualidade. Face a esta conclusão, é apresentado horário com proposta de programa de integração como módulo, da Formação em Técnicas de Condução nas Técnicas de Intervenção Policial, seguindo o referencial já existente, apenas com ligeiros ajustes. Training in Driving Techniques is a little studied area in Portugal. However, driving is a task that police officers do on a daily basis, and if there is no specific training in this area, the habit may consolidate practices contrary to what training in this area entails. The Training Course in Driving Techniques currently in force in the Public Security Police Force is relatively recent, having been conceived in 2021. However, this training is delivered by a tiny and reduced number of trainers (12), who, in order to be qualified, need to have certain attributes, as well as being placed in the Personal Security Corps of the Special Police Unit of the Public Security Police. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of police officers' training in driving techniques and the degree of importance attributed to the Police Driving Techniques Training Course, aimed at professional practice. We also sought to ascertain the benefits of introducing Training in Driving Skills in a module of Police Intervention Techniques, in order to make the training more dynamic and reach all police officers. To achieve the objective, a questionnaire survey was applied to 145 police officers working in the Lisbon Metropolitan Command (3rd Police Division, Loures Police Division and Traffic Division), where only one police officer has this type of training. It was also found that 94.1% of the respondents "agree" or "totally agree" with the importance of the Police Driving Technique Training Course. Thus, we conclude that the level of preparation and training of a professional is closely linked to the training he/she receives from the organization to which belongs, and any professional who is orphaned in this regard will certainly produce lower quality products. In view of this conclusion, a timetable is presented with a proposal for an integration program as a module of the Training in Driving Techniques in Techniques of Police Intervention, following the existing reference framework, with only slight adjustments.

Purpose The main objective of this paper is to analyse the content and extent of human capital disclosure by Spanish companies. It studies various factors related to the board of directors’ composition and functioning. These factors can be seen as mechanisms of corporate governance and the moderating role of managerial ownership, which help predict the behaviour of managers in relation to the human capital disclosure. Design/methodology/approach This study develops and applies a more comprehensive framework for coding information on human capital, integrating the intellectual capital and social responsibility perspectives in order to explain the content and extent of human capital disclosure. The research was based on a content analysis of 210 corporate reports from 2007 to 2016. A system-GMM estimator was used to test the hypotheses in four dynamic linear regression models of balanced panel data in order to address concerns of endogeneity. Findings The results show that companies are adapting to new regulations and voluntarily disclosing information on human capital – a trend which signals their commitment to responsible attitudes towards employees and stakeholders. The results also show that board composition and functioning are mechanisms of supervision, control and legitimacy that promote human capital disclosure, with managerial ownership acting as moderator for aligning interests between managers and stakeholders. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on human capital disclosure by introducing a broader conception of human capital to coding information. It accomplishes this through considering aspects of the intellectual capital and social responsibility approaches, which provide a better understanding of companies’ human capital disclosure. In addition, it seeks to enrich the debate about the effects of corporate governance mechanisms– such as boards of directors and managerial ownership – on human capital disclosure., This study was partially supported by the Department of Business Administration - University of Castilla-La Mancha.

Este trabajo se propone analizar los antecedentes y fundamentos de las metáforas de índole biológica en la teoría archivística. En primer lugar, se examinará la retórica orgánica como ordenador intelectual para explicitar el Contrato Social moderno presente en Thomas Hobbes, Herbert Spencer y Jean-Jacques Rousseau. La lectura que realiza Michel Foucault sobre este corpus resulta clave para evidenciar esa unión entre la teoría biológica positivista del siglo XIX y el discurso del poder. Posteriormente, procederemos a examinar el impacto de esta metáfora biopolítica en los postulados clásicos de la archivística desde fines del siglo XIX: la noción del fondo de archivo como un todo orgánico en el Manual Holandés, el documento de archivo como evidencia en Hilary Jenkinson y la teoría del ciclo vital de Theodore Schellenberg. Fil: Araujo, Juan Facundo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); Argentina

[Excerto] No ano em que se assinalam os vinte anos dos atentados terroristas do 11 de setembro (2001), nos Estados Unidos, e em que os norteamericanos e seus aliados se retiram do Afeganistão (também vinte anos volvidos sobre a sua intervenção), são comuns os balanços em relação ao que mudou na política internacional por influência desses acontecimentos.

This article analyzes an interorganizational cooperation initiative among local actors to improve local policy coordination. Based on the network approach to local governance, the study provides insight into why local actors cooperate and how cooperation works. The analysis is based on interviews with local authorities, public managers and local politicians. Resumo Este artigo analisa uma iniciativa de cooperação interorganizacional entre atores locais para melhorar a coordenação de políticas locais. Com base na abordagem de rede para a governança local, o estudo fornece informações sobre por que os atores locais cooperam e como a cooperação funciona. A análise é baseada em entrevistas com autoridades locais, gestores públicos e políticos locais., Este artigo analisa uma iniciativa de cooperação interorganizacional entre atores locais para melhorar a coordenação de políticas locais. Com base na abordagem de rede para a governança local, o estudo fornece informações sobre por que os atores locais cooperam e como a cooperação funciona. A análise é baseada em entrevistas com autoridades locais, gestores públicos e políticos locais.

The Creative Economy (CE) is a growing sector in different countries and an object of interest of local governments. The objective of this study is to analyze the institutional changes related to the development of public policy of CE at the local level. In methodological terms, it was used a conceptual model based on institutional theory and the case study method of the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. The results point for a conflicting environment was observed in which institutional changes start with a series of consecutive events considered as foundations and used in an isomorphic way for the decisions that led to the elaboration of this policy, whose scope was to answer the socio-environmental demands. Possible implications of this public policy for the development of CE at different territorial scales were pointed out, considering that CE is still in the process of institutionalization as an organizational field.

The Creative Economy (CE) is a growing sector in different countries and an object of interest of local governments. The objective of this study is to analyze the institutional changes related to the development of public policy of CE at the local level. In methodological terms, it was used a conceptual model based on institutional theory and the case study method of the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. The results point for a conflicting environment was observed in which institutional changes start with a series of consecutive events considered as foundations and used in an isomorphic way for the decisions that led to the elaboration of this policy, whose scope was to answer the socio-environmental demands. Possible implications of this public policy for the development of CE at different territorial scales were pointed out, considering that CE is still in the process of institutionalization as an organizational field., Para Citar este Art��culo: Vit��ria, Jos�� Ricardo; Emmendoerfer, Magnus Luiz; Cunha, Nina Rosa da Silveira; Ara��jo, Joaquim Filipe Ferraz Esteves y Marques, L��nia. Mudan��as institucionais e pol��tica p��blica de economia criativa: o caso de Lisboa ��� Portugal. Revista Inclusiones Vol: 8 num Esp. (2021): 156-184. Link alternativo de acesso: https://revistainclusiones.org/index.php/inclu/article/view/3007

A tese de doutoramento que ora se apresenta, à qual subjaz a renovação teórico- -historiográfica que suportou a ruptura com a doutrinação e o paradigma estadualista herdados de Herculano e da historiografia novecentista, versa sobre o senado camarário bejense, o seu papel no exercício do poder local e as representações que esse mesmo poder assumia no universo setecentista. Porque o poder não se exerce no vazio tomou-se, como ponto de partida, a análise do espaço natural e social onde os agentes do poder camarário viviam e exercitavam as suas funções, no pressuposto de que essas condicionantes, para além da mundividência e do ordenamento jurídico e político coetâneos, se constituíam como os elementos estruturantes que moldavam e orientavam os comportamentos. Caracterizava-se essa mundividência, fundamentalmente, de um ponto de vista social, pela ética e estética barrocas e pela assunção da desigualdade e da excepção, plasmadas no corpus jurídico coevo; de um ponto de vista político, pelo absolutismo e, já na segunda metade do século, pela emergência do despotismo esclarecido; e, de um ponto de vista económico, pela autarcia insolidária e pela regulamentação camarária da economia local. Abrange este estudo, em termos espaciais, a cidade de Beja e o seu termo concelhio durante o período setecentista, até aos finais do reinado josefino. Particular atenção mereceram os processos eleitorais, não somente da oligarquia como dos agentes menores do poder camarário, que esta elegia numa lógica a que não eram estranhos propósitos de criação de redes clientelares baseadas em critérios de amizade, parentesco, fidelidade, honra e serviço instituidores de deveres recíprocos. Tomando como institutos fulcrais do exercício desse poder a Câmara Municipal, a Misericórdia e as ordenanças, adoptou-se uma estratégia de identificação e delimitação dos intervenientes no seu exercício, numa prática de investigação de carácter prosopográfico. Para tal, recorreu-se a um conjunto de fontes que possibilitaram, através do seu cruzamento, delinear uma lógica de compreensão desses protagonistas, em moldes de preeminência política e social e sua consequente estratificação no exercício desse poder. Nesta conformidade, pretendeu-se captar as diferentes estratégias de conquista e manutenção do poder, formas de exercício desse mesmo poder e situações de conflitualidade resultantes desse exercício, não apenas entre os institutos e protagonistas locais, mas entre estes e o poder central. The present doctoral thesis, which underlies the theoretical-historiographic renewal that endured the rupture with the indoctrination and the statist paradigm inherited from Herculano and the historiography of the nineteenth century, is about the Senate Chamber of Beja, its role in the exercise of local power and the representations that this same power assumed in the eighteenth century. Because power is not exercised in a void, it was taken, as a starting point, the analysis of the natural and social space where the agents of the local power lived and exercised their duties, on the assumption that these conditions, beyond the world-view and their legal and political order, constituted the structuring elements that shaped and guided the behaviors. This world-view was characterized, fundamentally, from a social point of view, by baroque ethics and aesthetics, and by the assumption of inequality and exception, embodied in the contemporaneous juridical corpus; from a political point of view, by absolutism and, in the second half of the century, by the emergence of enlightened despotism; from an economic point of view, by the unsupportive autarchy and the council regulation of the local economy. This study covers, in spatial terms, the city of Beja and its municipal border during the eighteenth period, until the end of the reign of Dom José I. Particular attention was paid to the electoral processes, not only of the oligarchs but also of the minor agents of the city power, elected in logic to which they were not strange purposes of creating clientelistic networks, based on criteria of friendship, fidelity, honor and service, defining reciprocal duties. Taking as core institutes of the exercise of this power the City Hall, the Holy House of Mercy and the officer corps of militia, a strategy of identification and delimitation of those involved in this exercise was adopted, in a practice research of prosopographical nature. In order to do so, a set of sources was used which, through their intersection, made possible delineatin of logical understanding of these protagonists, into molds of political and social preeminence and its consequent stratification in the exercise of that power. Accordingly, we sought to capture the different strategies of conquest and maintenance of power, forms of exercising that same power and situations of conflict resulting from this exercise, not only among local actors and institutions but between them and the central government.

The quality of public services delivery is an issue on the government's agenda. The creation of the Integrated Citizen Service (SIAC) in Angola sought to introduce a new way of providing public services, in which quality was a concern. The aim of this paper is to analyse the perception that the citizens have about the quality of the services rendered in SIAC's, in way to infer the degree of satisfaction of the same ones, as well as verifying the dimensions of the quality they have been noticed by the users as properly assisted. The research was accomplished through the application of an inquiry by questionnaire close to the representative sample of the users of this service, in Luanda, using the SERVQUAL scale. An analysis of Multiple Lineal Regression was accomplished, through IBM SPSS (version 25). The empirical component of the study was validated all the five presented hypotheses, demonstrating that the dimension of empathy is the strongest preditor to foresee the satisfaction, while, the preditor with less contributor is the dimension of tangibility. The results obtained indicate that the SIAC's contributed to the increase of the perception of the quality of the public services. This indicates that the administrative modernization implemented by PREA in relation to SIAC is producing the desired effects in terms of public policies. Finally, this study is particularly relevant to the literature on the quality of public services, as it expand the scope of use of SERVQUAL scales to measure the quality of services in a context that differentiates it from previous studies - the Angolan public sector., A qualidade da prestação dos serviços públicos é um tema presente na agenda dos governos. A criação do Serviço Integrado de Atendimento ao Cidadão (SIAC), em Angola, procurou introduzir uma nova forma de prestação de serviços públicos, na qual a qualidade foi uma preocupação. O objectivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção que os cidadãos têm sobre a qualidade dos serviços prestados nos SIAC’s, de modo a inferir o grau de satisfação dos mesmos, assim como verificar se as dimensões da qualidade têm sido percebidas pelos usuários como devidamente atendidas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário junto de uma amostra representativa dos usuários deste serviço, em Luanda, utilizando a escala SERVQUAL. Foi realizada uma análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla, através da IBM SPSS (versão 25). A componente empírica do estudo validou todas as cinco hipóteses apresentadas, demonstrando que a dimensão empatia é o preditor mais forte para prever a satisfação, enquanto, o preditor com menos contributo é a dimensão tangibilidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, os SIAC’s contribuíram para o aumento da percepção da qualidade dos serviços públicos. O que denota que a modernização administrativa implementada pelo PREA, relativamente ao SIAC, está a produzir os efeitos desejados em termos de políticas públicas. Por fim, o presente estudo tem particular relevância para a literatura da qualidade dos serviços públicos, na medida que amplia o alcance de utilização das escalas SERVQUAL para um contexto que o diferencia dos estudos anteriores – o sector público angolano., Centro de Investigação em Ciência Política (UID/CPO/0758/2020), Universidade do Minho, com o apoio da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) através de fundos nacionais.

A Economia Criativa (EC) é um setor em crescimento em diferentes países e um objeto de interesse de governos locais. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as mudanças institucionais relacionadas com desenvolvimento da política pública de EC ao nível local. Em termos metodológicos, utilizou-se um modelo conceitual amparado na teoria institucional e no método estudo de caso do município de Lisboa, Portugal. Os resultados apontam para um ambiente conflitante, em que as mudanças institucionais se iniciam por uma série de acontecimentos consecutivos, considerados alicerces e usados de maneira isomórfica para as decisões que levaram à elaboração dessa política, cujo escopo foi responder a demandas socioambientais. Foram apontadas possíveis implicações desta política pública para o desenvolvimento da EC em diferentes escalas territoriais, considerando que a EC está ainda em processo de de institucionalização como campo organizacional., The Creative Economy (CE) is a growing sector in different countries and an object of interest of local governments. The objective of this study is to analyze the institutional changes related to the development of public policy of CE at the local level. In methodological terms, it was used a conceptual model based on institutional theory and the case study method of the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. The results point for a conflicting environment was observed in which institutional changes start with a series of consecutive events considered as foundations and used in an isomorphic way for the decisions that led to the elaboration of this policy, whose scope was to answer the socio-environmental demands. Possible implications of this public policy for the development of CE at different territorial scales were pointed out, considering that CE is still in the process of institutionalization as an organizational field.

The use of information technologies has been a window of opportunity for local governments to increase initiatives and instruments for citizen participation and interaction with society. The electronic interaction of municipalities with citizens may be different depending on the municipality. The objective of this study is to explore how the dimension of Portuguese municipalities can explain the implementation of participatory processes and channels through e-government initiatives to improve participation and interaction with society. Based on the analysis of the municipal information and interaction indexes, our results show that municipalities are increasingly committed to developing online initiatives for citizen participation in a significant way over the years, with the largest municipalities being the ones that implement the most mechanisms. The influence of population size occurs both for information dissemination and for the implementation of citizen participation mechanisms. This result is consistent with stakeholder theory and political cost theory. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a characterization of the municipalities and the mechanisms carried out to implement citizen participation and interaction initiatives according to the size of the municipality. It claims that policy makers need to pay attention to the capabilities of e-governments tools to better facilitate the e-participation process and provide the necessary channels to get citizens’ feedback., This study was conducted at the Research Center in Political Science (UIDB/CPO/00758/2020), and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)

The objective of this paper is to analyze the appropriation of entrepreneurship in public policy, specifically in the context of the Creative Economy (CE) in Brazil. In terms of methodology, the analysis will focus on government planning of the first federal agency of creative economy, the data were collected through bibliographic and documentary research and were treated using content analysis. As a result, it was observed that the National Public Policy of Creative Economy (NPPCE) internalizes entrepreneurship as a significant means of plural development of CE, that is presented as a new productive sector based on cultural diversity and social inclusion. It was also observed that entrepreneurship can contribute to the effectiveness of NPPCE in Brazil, in the Brazil Creative orientation, however, this requires the resumption of integrated actions with various productive sectors of society and the valorization of that sector., Originally published: Emmendoerfer, M. L., de Araújo, J. F. F. E., Valadares, J. L., & Morais, M. C. A. (2021). Empreendedorismo em políticas públicas no contexto da economia criativa brasileira. Revista Reuna, 26(2), 91-110.

O estudo procura identificar os preditores de sucesso nos relatórios de avaliação de cursos do Ensino Superior (ES) entre 2018-2019. Utilizou-se métodos mistos de pesquisa, combinando análises qualitativas e quantitativas aplicadas sobre o conteúdo textual. Na análise de conteúdo foram realizadas a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, Análise de Similitude e Nuvem de Palavras. Os resultados sugerem como preditores de sucesso na Organização Didático-Pedagógica as classes: componentes do processo de ensino-aprendizagem; características de excelência dos cursos; expectativas científicas na formação; os discentes e; procedimentos de Garantia da Qualidade (GQ). A formalização da GQ como elemento das avaliações pelo INEP poderia levar à melhoria do controle dos processos no ensino superior brasileiro., The study seeks to identify the predictors of success in the evaluation reports of higher education (HE) courses between 2018-2019. Mixed-methods research was used, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis applied to textual content. In the content analysis, the Descending Hierarchical Classification, Similitude Analysis and Word Cloud were performed. The results suggest predictors of success in the Didactic-Pedagogical Organization include the following: components of the teaching-learning process, characteristics of excellence within the courses, scientific expectations in training, the students, and Quality Assurance (QA) procedures. The formalization of QA as a vital element in assessments by INEP could lead to improved processes within Brazilian higher education, El estudio busca identificar los predictores de éxito en los informes de evaluación de los cursos de Educación Superior (ES) entre 2018-2019. Se utilizó la investigación de métodos mixtos, combinando análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos aplicados al contenido textual. En el análisis de contenido, se realizaron la Clasificación jerárquica descendente, el Análisis de similitud y la Nube de palabras. Los resultados sugieren como predictores de éxito en la Organización Didáctico-Pedagógica las clases: componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje; características de excelencia de los cursos; expectativas científicas en formación; estudiantes y; procedimientos de Garantía de Calidad (GC). La formalización del GC como elemento vital en las evaluaciones por parte del INEP podría conducir a un mejor control de los procesos en la enseñanza superior brasileña., O presente estudo foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior do Brasil (CAPES), código de financiamento 001. Este estudo foi realizado no Centro de Investigação em Ciência Política (UIDB/CPO/00758/2020), Universidade do Minho/Universidade de Évora, e foi apoiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia e o Ministério da Educação e Ciência português por meio de fundos nacionais.

Parallel Contributed Talk at the "XIX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes" on line - 18-26 February, 2021, Based on work in collaboration with Henrique Câmara & R.G. Felipe This work has been supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through the projects UIDB/00777/2020, UIDP/00777/2020, CERN/FIS-PAR/0004/2019, and PTDC/FIS-PAR/29436/2017, {"references":["arXiv:2012.04557 [hep-ph]"]}

Data mining animal of genomes has been used before to identify endoparasites, and may be a particularly useful tool to surpass some difficulties faced by studies in the marine environment. We detected a species of Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882, contamination in the sperm whale (Physeter catodon Linnaeus) reference genome available in the GenBank database. We identified and extracted multiple gene fragments and placed the sequences in a phylogenetic framework. Our results indicate that the sequences of Sarcocystis sp. found in the genome do not correspond to any currently described species, despite a few other similar sequences having been identified in fur seals (Pinnipedia) and another sperm whale. Including data from previous studies, we suggest there is enough evidence to support the occurrence of at least four species of Sarcocystis in marine mammals. We also demonstrate that the term "S. canis-like" has been used for samples not closely related to Sarcocystis canis Dubey et Speer, 1991.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a apropriação do empreendedorismo em políticas públicas, especificamente no contexto da Economia Criativa (EC) no Brasil. Em termos metodológicos, a análise foi centrada no planejamento governamental do primeiro órgão federal de economia criativa, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, assim como foram tratados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, observou-se que a Política Pública Nacional de Economia Criativa (PPNEC) internaliza o empreendedorismo como um meio significativo de desenvolvimento plural da EC como um novo setor produtivo com base na diversidade cultural e na inclusão social. Observou-se que o empreendedorismo pode contribuir para a efetividade da PPNEC no Brasil, numa perspectiva de Brasil Criativo, porém isso requer a retomada de ações integradas com vários setores produtivos da sociedade e de valorização do setor., The objective of this paper is to analyze the appropriation of entrepreneurship in public policy, specifically in the context of the Creative Economy (CE) in Brazil. In terms of methodology, the analysis will focus on government planning of the first federal agency of creative economy, the data were collected through bibliographic and documentary research and were treated using content analysis. As a result, it was observed that the National Public Policy of Creative Economy (NPPCE) internalizes entrepreneurship as a significant means of plural development of CE, that is presented as a new productive sector based on cultural diversity and social inclusion. It was also observed that entrepreneurship can contribute to the effectiveness of NPPCE in Brazil, in the Brazil Creative orientation, however, this requires the resumption of integrated actions with various productive sectors of society and the valorization of that sector., Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (processos 408437 / 2016-2; 309363 / 2019-5), à Fundação de Pesquisa de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG (PPM-00049-18) e à Coordenação para o Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, financiamento 001, Brasil.

This paper analyses the evolution of transparency policies in Iberian municipalities (Spanish and Portuguese) from a comparative perspective. Despite the apparent political-administrative similarity of Spain and Portugal, the way each country implements and manages transparency often varies. Given this scenario, the objective is to answer the research question about the existence of similarities and differences identified in the transparency policy of these municipalities. A descriptive and comparative methodology is followed, focused on providing a vision on the development and scope of the information that is published in the websites of the Spanish and Portuguese municipalities, identifying the existing similarities and discrepancies. Thus, the transparency policy was developed in a similar way in both countries and the elaboration of transparency indices had a positive impact on the disclosure of information, despite the fact that the levels revealed in Spanish municipalities are higher. Este trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva comparada, la evolución de las políticas sobre transparencia en los municipios Ibéricos (españoles y portugueses). A pesar de la aparente similitud político-administrativa de España y Portugal, la forma en que cada país implementa y gestiona la transparencia puede variar. Ante este escenario, se pretende responder a la pregunta de investigación sobre la existencia de similitudes y diferencias identificadas en la política de transparencia de estos municipios. Se sigue una metodología descriptiva y comparativa enfocada a proporcionar una visión sobre el desarrollo y alcance de la información que es revelada en los sitios web de los municipios españoles y portugueses, identificando las semejanzas y discrepancias existentes. Así, la política de transparencia se desarrolló de forma similar en ambos países y la elaboración de índices de transparencia tuvo un impacto positivo en la revelación de información, a pesar de que los niveles revelados en los municipios españoles son superiores.

A transparência e o acesso à informação são importantes para o escrutínio público, a participação e a responsabilidade, contribuindo para a confiança dos cidadãos no governo. Para aumentar o acesso à informação pública, os governos locais têm recorrido à transparência ativa através da divulgação de informação pública nos seus websites, com acesso livre e aberto. Este estudo analisa a influência de fatores socioeconômicos e políticos na gestão das políticas públicas de transparência ativa nos municípios portugueses. O estudo utiliza a metodologia de dados de painel, que ainda não foi empregada para examinar a transparência municipal ativa em Portugal, testando empiricamente os fatores que impactam a divulgação da informação pública, valendo-se do índice de transparência como um proxy. Foram encontradas evidências empíricas em relação aos fatores políticos e socioeconômicos que influenciaram o nível de transparência municipal. Uma vez que os estudos sobre o caso português são escassos, esta pesquisa contribui para a compreensão das respostas dos municípios às pressões da sociedade por mais transparência., Transparency and access to information are important for public scrutiny, participation and accountability, contributing to citizens’ confidence in the local government. To increase access to public information, local governments resorted to active transparency through the dissemination of public information on their websites, in a free and open manner. This study reviews the influence of socioeconomic and political factors in the management of active transparency of public policies in Portuguese municipalities. The study uses the panel data methodology, which has not yet been used to review active municipal transparency in Portugal, empirically testing the factors that influence the disclosure of public information, using the transparency index as a proxy. Empirical evidence was found regarding the political and socioeconomic factors that have influenced the level of municipal transparency. Since studies regarding Portuguese cases are scarce, this investigation contributes to the understanding of the municipalities’ responses to society’s pressures for more transparency.

[Excerto] O volume 22 da Perspectivas – Journal of Political Science é composto por quatro artigos que, abrangendo diferentes áreas da Ciência Política, entre si heterogéneas, partilham a ambição de impulsionar a reflexão em torno de problemas cruciais da nossa contemporaneidade.[...]

A temática do desempenho acadêmico tem despertado interesse de pesquisadores, sobretudo no Brasil, onde as pesquisas são escassas acerca deste tema. De acordo com a literatura, múltiplos fatores podem estar relacionados ao desempenho e influenciá-lo, como por exemplo, os fatores socioeconômicos, de identificação, acadêmicos e ligados às IES e cursos no Brasil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os fatores que influenciam o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos dos cursos de graduação em administração pública no Brasil, conforme os resultados do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade) realizado em 2015, ano em que os estudantes dos cursos de administração pública foram avaliados pela primeira vez. A pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa baseia-se no uso de técnicas estatísticas de correlação bivariada e análise univariada. Constatou-se que quanto maior a renda familiar e a escolaridade dos pais melhor foi o desempenho dos estudantes dos cursos de administração pública no Enade. Outros fatores correlacionados positivamente foram: gênero masculino, etnia branca, idade abaixo da média de 32 anos e existência de financiamento (bolsa de estudos). Notou-se ainda que estudar semanalmente mais que três horas e trabalhar vinte ou mais horas semanais contribuiu para um bom desempenho. Os cursos de administração pública estarem localizados na região Sudeste e pertencerem às instituições de ensino superior privadas influenciaram positivamente no desempenho do Enade., The theme of academic achievement has attracted the interest of researchers, especially in Brazil, where studies are scarce on this topic. According to the literature, multiple factors may be related to performance and hold an influence on it, such as socioeconomic, identification, academic, and other factors related to individual higher institutions and their courses in Brazil. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the academic achievement of undergraduate students in public administration in Brazil, through the National Student Performance Exam (Enade) held in 2015, the year in which the students of the public administration courses were evaluated by the first time. The quantitative approach is based on the use of statistical techniques of bivariate correlation and univariate analysis. It was reported that the higher the family income and the parents’ schooling, the better the performance by public administration students in Enade. Other factors refer to male students who obtained the best results, as they are white, under 32 years old and who were funded (with a scholarship). It was also noted that the students’ who dedicated more than three weekly hours to study contributed to a good performance, added to twenty or more working hours a week. Public administration courses in the Southeast region delivered by private higher education institutions had a positive influence on Enade’s performance., (undefined)

[Excerto] O volume 23 da Perspectivas Journal of Political Science, do Centro de Investigação em Ciência Política (CICP), prossegue a sua trajectória de publicação com um conjunto de artigos científicos que contribuem para a análise e discussão de temáticas atuais e relevantes das principais áreas da revista.

At the end of the XX century, the archaeological survey carried out at the Bom Jesus de Gaia church, gave rise to another point of history in the city of Vila Nova de Gaia , with the survey of a wide archaeological collection dating back since the V/VI century, to the modern times. Until now, the collected materials were only superficially studied, just to provide the first results of the excavations. As such a study a little more in depth was needed. In that sense we present here a study on the late roman pottery, the late grey ceramics, that is, the manufactures of late utilitarian ceramics from the church of Bom Jesus de Gaia, also enclosing the study of late glass, an equally versatile material and still a lot less studied

Recent literature on transparency claims that e-government-enabled transparency through websites may be conditioned by political and social factors. Being more transparent while conducting its activities and political responsibilities has been the response of governments to citizens’ demand for access to public information. This paper analyzes if political and social conditions influence transparency in Portuguese municipalities. The results show that political ideology, electoral turnout, proximity of elections, citizens’ access to Internet and geographic location influence municipalities’ transparency. The analyses are based on panel data from all 308 Portuguese municipalities., This study conducted at Research Center in Political Science [UID/CPO/00758/2013], University of Minho and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds.

Estudo aplicado ao contexto da avaliação externa do ensino superior do Brasil. Foram discutidas as recentes reformas no contexto do modelo de avaliação brasileiro (2016-2018). O novo cenário é explicado com base no mapeamento conceitual com um diagrama visual, permitindo a visão sistêmica da aplicação dos novos indicadores de qualidade relativos aos estudantes e do novo modelo de recrutamento de avaliadores do ensino superior. Realizou-se uma análise longitudinal de onze anos dos resultados das ações da avaliação externa do modelo (2004-2014), que antecedeu o início da reforma. A análise cruzou os dados das avaliações in loco com microdados das avaliações do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes. A metodologia de investigação utilizou a triangulação, com combinação de múltiplos métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Os resultados destacam a capacidade de resposta do modelo em um cenário massificado que apresentou uma média anual de 3.500 ações avaliativas externas envolvendo visitas de avaliadores., Study applied to the context of the external assessment of higher education in Brazil. Recent reforms were discussed in the context of the Brazilian evaluation model (2016–2018). The new scenario is explained based on the conceptual mapping with a visual diagram, allowing a systemic view of the application of the new quality indicators related to students and the new model of recruitment of higher education evaluators. An eleven years longitudinal analysis of the results of the external evaluation actions of the model (2004–2014) was carried out, which preceded the beginning of the reform. The analysis cross-checked the data from the on-site micro-data evaluations of the Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (National Student Performance Exam). The research methodology used triangulation, with a combination of multiple qualitative and quantitative methods. The results highlight the model’s responsiveness in a mass scenario that presented an annual average of 3,500 external evaluation actions involving visits by evaluator., Estudio aplicado al contexto de la evaluación externa de la enseñanza superior en Brasil. Se discutieron las recientes reformas en el contexto del modelo de evaluación brasileño (2016–2018). El nuevo escenario se explica en base al mapeo conceptual con un diagrama visual, permitiendo la visión sistémica de la aplicación de los nuevos indicadores de calidad relativos a los estudiantes y al nuevo modelo de reclutamiento para evaluadores del enseñanza superior. Se realizó un análisis longitudinal de once años de los resultados de las acciones de la evaluación externa del modelo (2004–2014), que antecedió al inicio de la reforma. El análisis cruzó los datos de las evaluaciones in loco con microdatos de las evaluaciones del Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Examen Nacional de Rendimiento Estudiantil). La metodología de investigación utilizó la triangulación, combinando varios métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados destacan la capacidad de respuesta del modelo en un escenario masificado que presentó un promedio anual de 3.500 acciones de evaluación externa que incluyen visitas de evaluadores., (undefined)

Este trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva comparada, la evolución de las políticas sobre transparencia en los municipios Ibéricos (españoles y portugueses). A pesar de la aparente similitud político-administrativa de España y Portugal, la forma en que cada país implementa y gestiona la transparencia puede variar. Ante este escenario, se pretende responder a la pregunta de investigación sobre la existencia de similitudes y diferencias identificadas en la política de transparencia de estos municipios. Se sigue una metodología descriptiva y comparativa enfocada a proporcionar una visión sobre el desarrollo y alcance de la información que es revelada en los sitios web de los municipios españoles y portugueses, identificando las semejanzas y discrepancias existentes. Así, la política de transparencia se desarrolló de forma similar en ambos países y la elaboración de índices de transparencia tuvo un impacto positivo en la revelación de información, a pesar de que los niveles revelados en los municipios españoles son superiores., This paper analyses the evolution of transparency policies in Iberian municipalities (Spanish and Portuguese) from a comparative perspective. Despite the apparent political-administrative similarity of Spain and Portugal, the way each country implements and manages transparency often varies. Given this scenario, the objective is to answer the research question about the existence of similarities and differences identified in the transparency policy of these muni cipalities. A descriptive and comparative methodology is followed, focused on providing a vision on the development and scope of the information that is published in the websites of the Spanish and Portuguese municipalities, identifying the existing similarities and discrepancies. Thus, the transparency policy was developed in a similar way in both countries and the elaboration of transparency indices had a positive impact on the disclosure of information, despite the fact that the levels revealed in Spanish municipalities are higher., This study, was conducted at the Research Center in Political Science, University of Minho/University of Evora, was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds, with file number of research funding UIDB/CPO/00758/2020.

This mixed method research accomplished a literature review about acculturation on the earlier The American Journal of Sociology. The word acculturation scarcely appeared. However, topics related to acculturation were usual, i.e., race, immigration, colonial, intercultural influence, and still gender. Assimilation, multicultural and fusion works appeared, and the pervasive was the multicultural model. The research found out that the multicultural model was grounded in the 19th century. Multiculturalism had its roots on the liberal WASP culture. As Herbert Spencer, the journal often praised minimal intercultural contact in order to achieve maintenance and cultural diversity. The pervasive attitude wanted cultural adaptation with cultural maintenance, and, at the same time, it vindicated the WASP cultural superiority. Integration of differentiated categories of thought, races, genders, and migrants were organized mainly by progress, competition, and social dominance narratives, and it impaired the culture of the separated but equal.

Os Sistemas Gerenciadores de Banco de Dados (SGBD) tradicionais são construídos com a premissa de que os dados estão armazenados em discos rígidos (HDD). Recentemente, surgiram várias alternativas aos HDDs, tais como as unidades de estado sólido (SSD), as memórias não voláteis (NVM) e as novas memórias principais (DRAM). As diferentes características desses dispositivos podem impactar no desempenho dos SGBDs. Neste trabalho, nos propomos a analisar um SGBD que armazena seus dados de quatro formas distintas, em HDD, SSD NVM, DRAM e de forma híbrida, utilizando os três dispositivos em conjunto. Para isso, usamos a carga de trabalho TPC-C e discutimos os motivos que dão origem aos resultados obtidos para cada tipo de armazenamento.

The objective of this study is to discuss the accreditation systems in Higher Education (HE) currently in Europe. The specific goals include describing the context of HE in Germany and the UK, identifying the main policies implemented. The studies are systematically mapped and contextualized and they will analyse quality assurance and evaluation. This research describes the assessment of the social phenomenon and the accreditation of HE based on the performance of European rating agencies. This paper will also present the main points of action of the quality policy and the quality of HE agencies and their development. It was created a concept mapping of HE in these countries and it was also discussed the characteristics, restrictions and evolution of the processes of accreditation, evaluation and peer review. The main points of action of quality policies and quality agencies in HE, and their current situation of development were demonstrated.

In response to the growing demand from society to access public information, governments have been forced to be more transparent in the conduct of their activities. Based on the literature of information disclosure, this paper analyses factors that influenced the freedom of information in Spanish municipalities, and which explain the levels of information disclosure. For the purpose of this study, a dynamic panel System General Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimation was used to analyses data from 100 Spanish largest municipalities for the period of 2008-2014. Additionally, the sample was partitioned in two categories according to the province capital or not province capital criteria in order to find if there are interesting differences. The analysis indicates that disclosure of information about municipal management is associated with financial dependence, internet access, unemployment, electoral turnout and political rivalry. Differences found in the two categories of municipalities suggest that there may be institutional characteristics that could influence the dissemination of information. This study is a contribution to the growing body literature of information disclosure in order to understand what explains the variations of information disclosure among the municipalities., En respuesta a la creciente demanda de la sociedad para acceder a la información pública, los gobiernos se han visto forzados a ser más transparentes en el desarrollo de sus actividades. Basado en la literatura de divulgación de información, este artículo analiza los factores que influyeron en el libre acceso a la información en los municipios españoles y que explican los niveles de divulgación de información. A los efectos de este estudio, se utilizó la estimación del Método Generalizado de Momentos (GMM) de Sistema (System-GMM) de datos de panel en un modelo dinámico para analizar los datos de 100 municipios españoles más grandes para el período 2008-2014. Además, la muestra se ha dividido en dos categorías según el criterio de si los municipios son capital de provincia o no para determinar si existen diferencias interesantes. El análisis indica que la divulgación de información sobre la gestión municipal está asociada con la dependencia financiera, el acceso a internet, el desempleo, la participación electoral y la rivalidad política. Las diferencias encontradas en las dos categorías de municipios sugieren que puede haber características institucionales que podrían influir en la divulgación de información. Este estudio es una contribución a la creciente literatura sobre divulgación de información con la finalidad de comprender qué explica las variaciones de divulgación de información entre los municipios., This study was conducted at the Research Center in Political Science (UIDB/CPO/00758/2020), University of Minho/University of Évora and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds.

This paper analyses variation in the degrees of difficulty involved in negotiating and implementing loan programmes with the international lenders in Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. All three countries displayed high degrees of ultimate compliance with fiscal consolidation and structural adjustment conditionality, but the pace of implementation varied significantly. This paper argues that ‘domestic ownership’ of the loan programmes is a key determinant of outcomes, understood in terms of two dimensions: negotiating capacity and implementation capacity. Empirical evidence confirms that these concepts provide a strong explanatory framework for understanding variation in relations between national governments and the international lenders., The Portuguese portion of this study was conducted at the Research Centre in Political Science [UID/CPO/0758/2019], University of Minho, and was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds.

This article analyzes an interorganizational cooperation initiative among local actors to improve local policy coordination. Based on the network approach to local governance, the study provides insight into why local actors cooperate and how cooperation works. The analysis is based on interviews with local authorities, public managers and local politicians., Este artigo analisa uma iniciativa de cooperação interorganizacional entre atores locais para melhorar a coordenação de políticas locais. Com base na abordagem de rede para a governança local, o estudo fornece informações sobre por que os atores locais cooperam e como a cooperação funciona. A análise é baseada em entrevistas com autoridades locais, gestores públicos e políticos locais.

The objective of this study is to discuss the accreditation systems in Higher Education (HE) currently in Europe. The specific goals include describing the context of HE in Germany and the UK, identifying the main policies implemented. The studies are systematically mapped and contextualized and they will analyse quality assurance and evaluation. This research describes the assessment of the social phenomenon and the accreditation of HE based on the performance of European rating agencies. This paper will also present the main points of action of the quality policy and the quality of HE agencies and their development. It was created a concept mapping of HE in these countries and it was also discussed the characteristics, restrictions and evolution of the processes of accreditation, evaluation and peer review. The main points of action of quality policies and quality agencies in HE, and their current situation of development were demonstrated., O objetivo deste estudo é discutir os sistemas de acreditação na Educação Superior (ES) atualmente na Europa. Os objetivos específicos incluem a descrição do contexto da ES na Alemanha e no Reino Unido identificando as principais políticas implementadas. Os estudos foram sistematicamente mapeados e contextualizados e analisam a garantia e a avaliação da qualidade. Esta pesquisa descreve a avaliação do fenômeno social e a acreditação da ES com base no desempenho das agências de avaliação da ES europeia. Este artigo também apresentará os principais pontos de ação das políticas de qualidade, as iniciativas das agências de qualidade do ES e seu desenvolvimento. Foi criado um mapeamento conceitual da ES nesses países e também foram discutidas as características, restrições e evolução dos processos de acreditação, avaliação e revisão por pares. Os principais pontos de ação das políticas de qualidade e agências de qualidade em ES e sua situação atual de desenvolvimento foram demonstrados., El objetivo de este estudio es discutir los sistemas de acreditación en la Educación Superior (ES) actualmente en Europa. Los objetivos específicos incluyen la descripción del contexto de la ES en Alemania y el Reino Unido identificando las principales políticas implementadas. Los estudios fueron sistemáticamente mapeados y contextualizados, y analizan la garantía y la evaluación de la calidad. Esta investigación describe la evaluación del fenómeno social y la acreditación de la ES en base al desempeño de las agencias de evaluación de la ES europeas. Este artículo también presentará los principales puntos de acción de las políticas de calidad y la calidad de las agencias de ES y su desarrollo. Se creó un mapeo conceptual de la ES en esos países y también se discutieron las características, restricciones y evolución de los procesos de acreditación, evaluación y revisión por pares. Los principales puntos de acción de las políticas de calidad y agencias de calidad en ES y su situación actual de desarrollo han sido demostrados.

Intangible resources have become the most important in the process of generating business' wealth in a sustainable way, namely the Human Capital. However, the success and survival of the companies is subject to the approval of its stakeholders. This means that companies take steps to ensure that their actions are perceived as legitimate, and one way is by providing voluntary information. Therefore, under the framework of the Theory of Legitimacy and Stakeholders, our goal is to analyze how Spanish companies are voluntarily reporting on its Human Capital in annual reports, information about the generation of intangibles (knowledge) and social responsibility. Thus, using the methodology of content analysis, the empirical evidence shows that companies are reporting relatively little information on topics related to Human Capital being the topics related to training and development of employees the most disclosure. However, with regard to social responsibility, there is a rising trend to provide information concerning the policy of equality and diversity, risk prevention and the relationship between employers and employees.

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