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Atualmente um fator que dificulta a aderência da população ao exercício físico é a duração das sessões de treino. Diferentes fatores explicam tal condição, mas falta de tempo gerada pela vida cotidiana e treinos longos, estão associadas, e acabam sendo motivos de evasão pelos praticantes. Dentre os métodos para redução do tempo no treinamento resistido, os métodos 6/20 (ou pesado/leve) e o rest-pause (RP) podem ser complementares, um devido à redução da carga ocorrer durante o intervalo (peso/leve) e o outro pela manutenção do estímulo sem que ocorra alteração da carga (rest-pause), sendo assim, estes métodos parecem ser vantajosos para quem procura treinos com menor tempo de duração. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do método RP e do pesado/leve (P/L), no volume de treino e no tempo total do exercício supino reto com barra. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 10 homens treinados, média de 3 anos de treinamento de força, média de idade de 24,4 ± 4,0 anos. Foram realizados 2 testes de uma repetição máxima (1RM), para calcular a sobrecarga usada no treinamento. O grupo P/L executou 4 séries de supino, 2 séries à 70% de 1RM e 2 séries à 50% de 1RM. O grupo rest-pause (REST) realizou 2 séries, a primeiro à 70% de 1RM e a segunda à 50% de 1RM usando o método rest-pause. O presente estudo caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa experimental do tipo cross-over e que as condições foram invertidas na quarta sessão de treinamento. RESULTADOS: O grupo REST obteve maior volume total (3034±717,7 vs. 2907±705,3 kg) em um menor tempo (529,7±16,1 vs. 682,3±15,1 segundos) comparado com o grupo P/L, aproximadamente 2,5 min de diferença entre os protocolos. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o grupo REST obteve maior volume total em um menor tempo comparado com o grupo P/L, sugerindo esse método para auxiliar a aderência em programas de exercícios. Contudo, são necessários mais estudos com outros exercícios avaliando outras variáveis, a fim de afirmar com clareza seus benefícios.

BackgroundThe present study compared the effects of a traditional resistance training (TRT) and resistance training combined with cognitive task (RT + CT) on body composition, physical performance, cognitive function, and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) levels in older adults.MethodsThirty community-dwelling older adults were randomized into TRT (70.0 ± 8.1; 25% men) and RT + CT (66.3 ± 4.6; 31% men). Exercise groups performed a similar resistance training (RT) program, twice a week over 16 weeks. Cognitive Training involved performing verbal fluency simultaneously with RT. Exercise sessions (eight resistance exercises) were performed 2–3 sets, 8–15 repetitions at 60%–70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Body composition, physical function, cognitive performance, and BDNF levels were assessed before and after intervention period.ResultsThe physical performance was similarly improved in response to both TRT and RT + CT (p = 0.001). However, exclusive improvements on cognitive function (p p = 0.001) were observed only after RT + CT.ConclusionThe RT program associated with a cognitive task, improved physical and cognitive performance in healthy older adults.

Background: CrossFit is a functional training modality created by Greg Glassman in 1995 in the United States. Such modality is characterized by the execution of complex and high intensity movements with the purpose of preparing the participant for the unpredictable. It is observed the exponential increase in CrossFit practice across the world, with this increase there are a consolidation of this modality with as a very peculiar sport modality, since as tasks to be performed in the competitions are made public just before the events happen. Few studies have focused on the determinants of competitive success in CrossFit, both morphologically and performance. Objective: This present study dedicated to investigate, in the existing literature and in the results of the 2016 championship, variables that can be predicted the performance of these athletes. Methods: The performance of 40 2016 - CrossFit Games finalists of both genders were analyzed in the morphological variables (weight, height, body mass index), performance and specific tests (Benchmarks and 1 MR tests). Results: We found that among male athletes, it was not possible to identify variables that could predict a classification. However, among the women, we identified some variables that correlated with classification, such as the Benchmark Filth 50, Sprint performance of 400m and maximal loads in the Clean and Jerk and Snatch exercises. Conclusion: It was attributed to the correlations found among women the smaller participation in the Games, this allowed physical characteristics as force to influence in the final position.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that populations of developing countries present high levels of sedentarism. In contrast, it is also shown that educational level and access to information regarding the health benefits of exercise can raise a population’s level of physical activity (LPA). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the morphological profile (MP), level of physical activity (LPA) and cardiovascular risk among Brazilian (BPES) and Colombian physical education students (CPES) in an effort to determine if these specific subjects presented different results among themselves and in relation to normative data for each country. Method: The subjects, 59 BPES and 65 CPES, were evaluated through IPAQ in its short form, and had their MP determined through a bioelectric scale and waist measurement to determine the cardiovascular risk. Results: As result we verified that between BPES and CPES only waist circumference (WC) had significant difference (p = 0.016), being higher for CPES males. Comparing the results of the subjects with normative data, with the exception of CPES males, we observed higher LPA, better MP, and lower WC values. Female CPES were more active than their male peers, the opposite being true for the Brazilian subjects. Conclusion: We conclude that the repetitive exposition to information regarding the benefits of physical activity and the access to installations that allows for its practice not only raises LPA of physical education students, but also improves, in general, their MP and cardiovascular risk.

Introduction: The Wingate Test (WAnT) has been used to evaluate anaerobic performance in cycle ergometer. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the EMG response of the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). In addition, we investigated the influence of these muscles in performance and fatigue during the WAnT. Methods: For this purpose eight male cyclists performed a 30-s WAnT. Electromyographic amplitude (RMS) and median power frequency (MPF) data of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles, performance index (mean power, MP) and rate of fatigue (fatigue index, FI) were recorded during the test; and compared along six time points. The correlation between EMG data and performance parameters were made. Results: No significant differences were found in maximal EMG amplitude for all the muscles. TheMPF of the VL and VM muscles decreased throughout the test (12% and 13%, respectively), however, the decline for the RF was twice greater (25%). Correlation among MP and EMG amplitude was observed only for VL (r=0.83; P

Background: Depression is characterized by abnormal affective manifestations. This pathology is more frequent among women and is aggravated with the overweight/obesity. Regular exercises have been shown to combat the manifestations of depression, as well as to increase active behavior and improve the morphology. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of functional training on morphology, physical activity level and quality of life of obese women with depression. Methods: Four women with mean aged 32.5 ± 10.6 underwent 2 months of functional training, which performed twice a week, each session 1-hour training. Participants were evaluated in 3 times (T): T1) pre-test; T2) at the end of first month (mid-test); and T3) at the end of the second month (post-test). Results: We observed significant changes for the waist circumference variable, and presented a reduction in mid-test and post-test, in relation to the pre-test (p

This study analyzed the physiological adjustments caused by the use of the Elevation training mask® (2.0), an airflow restriction mask (ARM) during continuous exercise. Eighteen physically active participants (12 men and 6 women) were randomized to two protocols: continuous exercise with mask (CE-ARM) and continuous exercise without mask (CE). Exercise consisted of cycling for 20 minutes at 60% of maximum power. Metabolic variables, lactate, and gas concentration were obtained from arterialized blood samples at pre and post exercise. Continuous expired gases and myoelectric activity of the quadriceps were performed at rest and during the test. We observed no reduction in oxygen saturation in CE-ARM, leading to lower pH, higher carbon dioxide, and greater hematocrit (all p

Os métodos mistos de pesquisa, são definidos como um processo de recolhimento, análise e “mistura” dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos durante determinado estágio da pesquisa e em um único estudo, onde tem por objetivo, compreender melhor o problema de pesquisa. Na área da Educação Física, os métodos mistos de pesquisa, parece ser um caminho ainda pouco explorado, pois tratam-se de uma combinação de abordagens relativamente nova. Com base nisto, o presente ensaio teve como objetivo: a) apresentar os conceitos dos métodos de pesquisa mista; b) apresentar os caminhos necessários para selecionar o design de métodos mistos apropriados para a realização de um estudo de métodos mistos na área da Educação Física.

Objetivo: Realizar uma comparação da relação da acuidade visual e o desempenho entre as três classes da deficiência visual, T11, T12 e T13, do atletismo paralímpico. Metodologia: As análises foram realizadas a partir do desempenho dos atletas pertencentes a essa classe nos Jogos paralímpicos de 2016 e no Campeonato Brasileiro de 2018. Foi utilizada a correlação Pearson entre as classes e os resultados dos atletas para cada evento separado. Foi realizado o teste ANOVA para comparar os resultados entre os diferentes eventos e classes. Por fim, foi realizado a análise de Effect size entre as classes e eventos. A correlação de Pearson foi fraca para os eventos internacional e nacional. Resultados: Não foi identificada diferenças significativas entre os eventos e as classes pela análise de ANOVA. O teste de Effect Size detectou grandes diferenças entre as classes 11x13 e 12x13, encontrando diferenças menores entre as classes 12x11 para os eventos internacional e nacional. Conclusão: Assim, as classes da deficiência visual no atletismo paralímpico, atendem as condições de cada grau da deficiência visual (B1, B2 e B3), diante dos campeonatos internacionais e nacionais. DESCRITORES: Deficiência Visual. Atletismo. Desempenho.

Introdução: O teste de Stroop é comumente utilizado para avaliar a flexibilidade cognitiva e função executiva. O teste mostrou correlacionar-se com variáveis como idade, nível educacional e atividade física, porém, pouco se sabe sobre as variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho no teste em populações previamente ativas. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho no teste de Stroop em população fisicamente ativa. Métodos: 89 estudantes foram recrutados, os mesmos tiveram seus níveis de atividade física avaliado por questionário e composição corporal avaliada por bioimpedância. Resultado: Observamos que as variáveis relacionadas à prática de atividade física não apresentaram correlação com o teste de Stroop. Foi identificado correlação do teste com as variáveis peso corporal e índice de massa corporal (IMC), sendo que maiores valores de peso e IMC resultaram em melhor desempenho no teste. Conclusão: Para indivíduos fisicamente ativos, outros fatores parecem ser preponderantes à atividade física com relação ao desempenho no teste de Stroop.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Sarcopenia is an emerging public health issue in Brazil. Because of its high prevalence and the lack of national data, the objective here was to identify cutoff points for appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) and handgrip strength in relation to fear of falling among Brazilian older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study; in the community. METHODS: Participants underwent morphological and functional evaluations; and were asked about previous falls and fear of falling. Different adjustments to ASM and handgrip strength were used. Slow walking speed was defined as < 0.8 m/s or 1.0 m/s. Gender and age groups were compared using t tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify cutoffs for ASM and handgrip strength in relation to fear of falling. RESULTS: 578 older adults participated in this study. Function levels decreased with increasing age, and body composition differed between the sexes. In relation to fear of falling, the cutoffs for ASM adjusted for body mass index (BMI) were < 0.85 for men and < 0.53 for women; the cutoffs for absolute handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength (adjusted for BMI) were 30.0 kgf and 21.7 kgf, and 1.07 and 0.66, for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSION: The values presented can be used as references in clinical practice and research. We recommend use of ASM adjusted for BMI and choosing between absolute and relative handgrip strength for men and women, according to study needs.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of using lifting straps on the lat pull-down exercise on maximal strength, number of repetitions, and muscle activation. Twelve resistance-trained men participated (age 27 ± 4 years, body mass 84 ± 10 kg, height 177 ± 6 cm, resistance training experience 6.6 ± 2.4 years). All participants performed the 1RM tests and training protocols either with the lifting straps (WS) or without (WOS). Exercise sessions for both conditions (WS and WOS) consisted of 3 sets to concentric failure with a load of 70% of one repetition maximum (1RM) and rest intervals of 60 s. For the 1RM test, no difference was observed between WS and WOS conditions (96.5 ± 12.7 kg and 96.6 ± 11.9 kg, respectively). There were no differences between the WS and WOS conditions in the number of repetitions per set, total repetitions and latissimus dorsi muscle activation. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that the use of lifting straps in the lat pull-down exercise by resistance-trained individuals does not promote beneficial effect in the 1RM value, the number of repetitions performed with 70% of 1RM, and muscle activation.

Diversos estudos que comparam as adaptações aeróbias do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade (HIIT) e do Treinamento Aeróbio Contínuo (TAC) indicam que o HIIT pode ser mais eficiente, relacionando estas maiores adaptações a respostas induzidas por um maior estresse metabólico, provavelmente causado por uma maior participação do metabolismo anaeróbio. Entretanto, ainda faltam estudos que comparem variáveis como a contribuição dos sistemas energéticos e o estresse metabólico sistêmico entre esses dois tipos de exercícios, com o trabalho mecânico (TM) equalizado. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a contribuição dos sistemas energéticos e o estresse metabólico das duas sessões de treinamento com trabalho equalizado em bicicleta. Foram avaliados: Consumo de oxigênio e produção de gás carbônico; contribuição dos sistemas energéticos anaeróbio alático; anaeróbio lático e aeróbio; concentração de lactato; marcadores de estresse metabólico por gasometria e percepção de esforço.

Teodoro, CL, Gaspari, AF, Berton, R, Barbieri, JF, Silva, M, Castano, LAA, Guimaraes, P, and Moraes, AC. Familiarization with airflow-restriction mask during resistance exercise: Effect on tolerance and total volume. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1762-1765, 2019-This study investigated whether familiarization with the airflow-restriction mask (AIRfr) increases tolerance and avoids negative effects on performance of resistance exercise (RE). Ten resistance-trained male subjects performed a familiarization session (FAM), followed by 2 testing sessions, with the AIRfr and without airflow restriction (SHAM) in a counterbalanced and randomized cross-over design. The FAM was performed with the same number of sets, load, and level of airflow-restriction as the AIRfr experimental session. Each session consisted of 4 sets of the leg press exercise with 70% 1 repetition maximum until voluntary failure and a 90-second rest interval between sets. During the FAM, 4 of the 10 subjects expressed some intolerance to the use of airflow restriction. Total volume was lower in the FAM than in the AIRfr (p = 0.01) and the SHAM (p = 0.02), whereas no differences were observed between the AIRfr and the SHAM (p = 0.90). The first use of the AIRfr may not be well tolerated by all subjects. However, a familiarization session with the AIRfr avoids negative interferences in the total volume during RE.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Moraes Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física Resumo: Introdução: É crescente no mercado o número de produtos alegando acelerar/aumentar os ganhos e adaptações provenientes do treinamento físico. Dentre esses produtos destacam-se as máscaras de restrição ao fluxo de ar (MRFar), que alegam simular ambientes de hipóxia e propiciar treinamento para a musculatura respiratória. São poucos os estudos sobre o uso destas máscaras e os resultados são controversos. Há trabalhos mostrando aumento do consumo de oxigênio e da potência no ponto de compensação respiratória, enquanto outros indicam nenhum efeito. Trabalhos que se propuseram a investigar os efeitos agudos do uso da máscara durante o exercício demostraram haver maior queda na saturação, sendo esta queda dependente do grau de restrição do fluxo de ar. No entanto, os níveis de hipóxia alcançados são modestos e não se tem informação sobre os demais parâmetros metabólicos e neuromusculares que podem ser afetados por este implemento. Desta forma, este trabalho pretende analisar os ajustes fisiológicos causados pelo uso da MRFar em diferentes protocolos de exercício aeróbio. Métodos: O estudo foi aleatorizado e cruzado, com a MRFar configurada a 15000 pés (4572m) em 4 distintos protocolos, sendo eles, exercício contínuo sem máscara (EC), exercício contínuo com máscara (EC-MRFar), exercício intervalado sem máscara (EI) e exercício intervalado com máscara (EI-MRFar). Foram avaliadas variáveis metabólicas sanguíneas (gasometria de sangue arterializado) e respiratórias (analise contínua de gases expirados), foi analisado ainda a ativação muscular dos músculos do quadríceps (Soma do sinal normalizado dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral e vasto medial). Resultados: O EC-MRFar foi capaz de causar mudanças significativas quando comparado ao EC, sendo as seguintes variáveis maiores para EC-MRFar: pressão sanguínea de CO2, consumo de O2 e pressão expirada de CO2 (todos p