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Global warming significantly affects plateau glaciers and surface runoff, and fish are bound to be severely affected. Additionally, an increasing number of human activities (e.g., free captive animals, aquaculture) have led to vulnerable plateau ecosystems being affected by invasive species. To address the above issues, we collected the currently published fish distribution data, and for the first time constructed a richness and fluvial system distribution map of the Yarlung Zangbo River fish (4 orders, 10 families, and 61 species). Based on fish richness and the fluvial system, the native fish in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin were divided into three clusters, and the non-native fish were divided into six clusters by using Ward’s minimum variance clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Environmental factors related to native or non-native fish richness were selected by the random forest model from 21 environmental factors. Then, the relationship between fish richness and environmental factors was explained by the generalized linear model (GLM). Our results showed that the native fish distribution pattern was different from the non-native fish distribution, but their high richness areas were overlapped. Furthermore, native fish richness responds differently than non-native fish richness to environmental factors. The results provided eco-solutions for the conservation and management of fish biodiversity and natural resources in the Yarlung Zangbo River.

A complete mitogenome sequence of the blue-crested lizard (Calotes mystaceus) was determined in this study. The 16,506 bp genome consists 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region. The phylogenetic tree reveals that the Calotes mystaceus is closely related to the C. versicolor. This report provides the basic data for further studies of Calotes species classification and phylogeny.

Lipoptena grahami Bequaert, 1942 (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) was first described in China almost 80 years ago. Species of Lipoptena were obligate blooding-feeding insects and commonly reported as vectors of wild animals of Cervinae. The complete mitochondrial genome of L. grahami was assembled to 16,953 bp in length. The AT content of L. grahami mitogenome is 80.59%. In total, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) were annotated from L. grahami’s mitogenome. The typical clover-leaf structure of tRNAs was also analyzed and confirmed except the tRNA-Ser (AGN). A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on L. grahami with some other fly species.

We sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome sequence of Oreolalax omeimontis (17,675 bp long). The mitogenome encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 23 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region (GenBank accession number MN803321). The phylogenetic tree conforms the close relationship of O. omeimontis and O. multipunctatus, and a monophyletic clade of genus Oreolalax.

A complete mitogenome sequence of the blue-crested lizard (Calotes mystaceus) was determined in this study. The 16,506 bp genome consists 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gen...

The Qinzhou Bay–Hangzhou Bay metallogenic belt (QHMB), South China, contains numerous variable deposits, including Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W, Sn, U-polymetallic ore deposits. The Tianjingshan gold deposit is located in the northern segment of the QHMB and is a typical large-scale lode gold deposit. Auriferous quartz veins occur along the contact zones between the Neoproterozoic greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks and gneissic granite and are structurally controlled by brittle faults. Mineralization-related hydrothermal alteration mainly includes silicification, pyritization, sericitization, and chloritization. Four stages of alteration and mineralization are recognized: quartz (I), quartz–pyrite (II), quartz–polymetallic sulfide (III), and quartz–carbonate–fluorite (IV) stages. Gold mineralization occurs mainly in stages II and III, as visible gold. Sericite that formed in association with mineralization stages II and III has well-defined step heating plateau 40Ar/39Ar ages of 243.4 ± 2.3 and 239.5 ± 2.3 Ma, respectively, suggesting that the gold mineralization took place during the Middle Triassic, consistent with the timing of the regional Indosinian intra-continental orogeny. In contrast, the Hanjia gneissic granite and Mi’ao monzogranite in the Tianjingshan deposit have zircon U–Pb ages of 789 ± 7 and 147 ± 2 Ma, respectively, which indicates that both intrusions were not involved directly in the gold mineralization. δ18O and δD values from fluid inclusions of auriferous quartz range from −1.1 to +2.6‰ and from −76.4 to −62.8‰, respectively, suggesting that the mineralizing fluid was likely of metamorphic origin. Gold-bearing sulfide minerals have δ34S values ranging from +0.6 to +9.8‰ with a mean of +7.1‰, which are similar to δ34S values of Neoproterozoic greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks and of typical orogenic gold deposits; therefore, we suggest that sulfur is derived mainly from regional metamorphic country rocks. The above mentioned characteristics, together with geological features, suggest that Tianjingshan is a typical orogenic Au deposit that formed during the Indosinian orogeny. Combined with knowledge of other similar deposits, the age and characteristics of the Tianjingshan gold deposit imply that Middle Triassic orogenic gold deposits in the QHMB could be common and of high economic potential.

A new species of the genus Kurixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) is described from Yunnan, China based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species, Kurixalus lenquanensis sp. n., is distinguished from other congeneric species by a combination of (1) smaller body size (SVL in males ranges from 25.0 to 28.9 mm), (2) obtusely pointed snout with no prominence on tip, (3) rough and brown dorsum with darker mark, (4) absence of large dark spots on ventral surface, (5) brownish clouded chin, (6) granular throat, chest, and belly, (7) presence of vomerine teeth, (8) serrated dermal fringes along outer edge of limbs, (9) slight nuptial pad, (10) golden brown iris, and (11) single internal vocal sac. The new species is known only from montane scrub vegetation at the type locality (Lenquan Village, Mengzi City, Yunnan Province) and Yangjiatian Village, Gejiu City, Yunnan Province. Genetically, the new species is nested within a clade of Taiwanese Kurixalus and recovered as the sister taxon to Kurixalus idiootocus with strong support values, indicating that the ancestor of this new species might have come from Taiwan Island or the ancestor of this new species may have been widespread in southern China and the descendent species in between Taiwan and Yunnan has become extinct.

Two pairs of the ovaries were obtained from two giant pandas which accidentally died due to hepatic disease and senility. Of these ovaries, one pair of “twin oocytes” was collected from each pair of ovaries and processed for histological observation with an electron microscope. The results from this study suggest the possibility of the existance of “twin oocytes” in the follicle and of a higher rate of twinning in the giant panda.

Cross sections for {sup 71}Ga(n, 2n){sup 70}Ga reaction have been measured in the neutron energies of 13.5-14.7 MeV using the activation technique, with the gallium sample irradiated under low neutron fluxes and short irradiation time. The data for {sup 71}Ga(n, 2n){sup 70}Ga reaction cross sections are reported to be 782 {+-} 80, 896 {+-} 91, and 1169 {+-} 120 mb at 13.5 {+-} 0.2, 14.1 {+-} 0.1, and 14.7 {+-} 0.2 MeV incident neutron energies, respectively. The results are discussed and compared with the literature. From the comparison we see that the values show well agreement with the theoretical results calculated from the code STAPRE.

The laser acupuncture stimulation has been applied extensively, but the laser is diffusely reflected by the skin as well as scattered and absorbed by the subcutaneous tissue, so the curative effect of the laser irradiation on the acupoints is limited. To solve above problem, we have developed the new laser deep acupuncture stimulator of diode. Its lasing wavelength is 630nm. The lasing beam is modulated into the special wave forms (such as sine wave, rectangular wave, etc.). The modulation frequency and phase may be self-synchronized in the patient's pulse. For the multi-acupoint are stimulated simultaneously, there are 3-7 laser pins on this stimulator. The modulated laser beams are coupled into 50/125 micrometers nonofil optical fibers separately. After that they enter into the laser acupuncture pins through the fiber optic connectors. The lasing beams and pins are stimulated as the customary acupuncture in the depth of the acupoints simultaneously. The output power of the single pin is 0.5-1.5 mW. The outside diameter of the pin is 0.4mm. For the price of the acupuncture pin is lower, thus the laser acupuncture pin can be used only once. Seven hundred patients were treated on the period of the clinical practice. The case of illness contains palsy, post-palsy, apoplexy, tenositis and sactalgia etc. The rate of efficiency (cure of improvement) is 85%.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A new species of Scutiger Theobald, 1868 is described from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China. Scutiger wuguanfui sp.nov. is distinguished from congeners in the following combination of characters: (1) large adult size, female is much largerthan male; (2) maxillary teeth absent; (3) male with a pair of pectoral glands and a pair of axillary glands, axillary glandssimilar to pectoral glands, all of them covered by black spines in breeding season; (4) in breeding male, nuptial spines ondorsal surface of firs and second fingers, and inner side of third finger; (5) male with an internal single subgular vocal sac,a pair of slit-like openings of vocal sac near corners of the mouth. This new species is currently known only from the type locality.