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Sn2+ and Bi3+ co-doped Cs2SnCl6 was achieved by using SnCl2 as the precursor. Sn2+ increases the extra vibrational energy of the excited state through more localized excitons, and thus greatly improves the radiative transition efficiency.

Inducing protein degradation by proteolysis targeting chimeras has gained tremendous momentum as a promising novel therapeutic strategy. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and biological characterization of highly potent proteolysis targeting chimeric small molecules targeting the epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8). We developed potent and effective HDAC8 degraders, as exemplified by

OBJECTIVE The authors developed a method to predict the etiology of intracranial large-vessel occlusion stroke (ILVOS) before endovascular treatment. METHODS The authors retrospectively evaluated two etiologies of ILVOS—intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis–related occlusion (ICAS-O) and embolism-related occlusion (EMB-O)—in a cohort of patients from the National Comprehensive Stroke Center database of China. Patients were randomly divided into the derivation and validation cohorts at a ratio of 2:1. The authors derived the score in the derivation cohort and assessed the score in the validation cohort. RESULTS The authors identified 608 of 662 patients with ILVOS who received endovascular treatment during the study period. After adjustment for confounding factors, hypertension (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.34–6.26), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.45–5.42), absence of atrial fibrillation (OR 27.29, 95% CI 13.27–56.09), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score < 7 (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.22–6.99), and absence of the computed tomography hyperdense sign (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.22–6.74) were significantly related to ICAS-O. A score was derived to help predict ICAS-O or EMB-O. The area under the curve values of the receiver operating characteristic curve for ICAS-O identification were 0.886 (95% CI 0.839–0.933) and 0.880 (95% CI 0.846–0.914) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The atrial fibrillation–blood pressure–clinical neurological deficit–computed tomography hyperdense sign–diabetes mellitus (ABC2D) score can be used to identify atherosclerotic or embolic etiology of patients with ILVOS who require emergency endovascular treatment.

Precision medicine requires smart, ultrasensitive, real-time profiling of bio-analytes using interconnected miniaturized devices to achieve individually optimized healthcare. Here, we report a versatile bioelectronic interface (VIBE) that senses signaling-cascade-guided receptor-ligand interactions via an electronic interface. We show that VIBE offers a low detection limit down to sub-nanomolar range characterised by an output current that decreases significantly, leading to precise profiling of these peptide hormones throughout the physiologically relevant concentration ranges. In a proof-of-concept application, we demonstrate that the VIBE platform differentiates insulin and GLP-1 levels in serum samples of wild-type mice from type-1 and type-2 diabetic mice. Evaluation of human serum samples shows that the bioelectronic device can differentiate between samples from different individuals and report differences in their metabolic states. As the target analyte can be changed simply by introducing engineered cells overexpressing the appropriate receptor, the VIBE interface has many potential applications for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine via the internet of things., Nature Communications, 14 (1), ISSN:2041-1723

Background: Previous studies haveverified the dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for immunoregulation in acquired aplastic anemia (AA) patients. Exosomes derived from MSCs can partially substitute MSCs acting as immune regulator. Dysfunction of exosomes (Exos)derived from AA-MSC (AA-Exos) may play a key role in immunologic dissonance. Method: In this study, CD3+ T cells were collected and cocultured with AA-Exos and exosomes derived from MSC of healthy donors(HD-Exos). The proliferation, differentiation and activation of CD3+ T cells were detected to compare the immunosuppressive effects between AA-Exos and HD-Exos. An immune-mediated murine model of AA was structured to compare the therapeutic effect of AA-Exos and HD-Exos. Furthermore, total RNA including miRNA from exosomes we purified and total RNA of CD3+ T cells were extracted for RNA-seq in order to construct the miRNA–mRNA network for interactions and functional analysis. Results: AA-Exos had impaired inhibition effects on CD3+ T cells in terms of cell proliferation, activation and differentiation compared with exosomes from HD-Exos. HD-Exos other than AA-Exos can rescued the AA mice. Importantly, we found some differentially expressed miRNA involved in immune response, such as miR-199, miR-128 and miR-486. The Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed involvement of various cellular processes, such as lymphocyte chemotaxis, lymphocyte migration and response to interferon-gamma, etc. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis illustrated upregulation of critical pathways associated with T cell function after co-culturing with AA-Exos compared with HD-Exos, such as graft-versus-host disease, Th17 cell differentiation, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway, A miRNA–mRNA network was established to visualize the interaction between them. Conclusion: In summary, AA-Exos had impaired immunosuppressive effect on T cells, less ability to rescue AA mice and differently expressed miRNA profile, which might partly account for the pathogenesis of AA as well as provide a new target of AA treatment.

To characterize the immunological profiles of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) in China, we studied and correlated the proportion among T lymphocyte subsets, CD3−CD16/CD56+ NK and CD19+ B cells in 39 T-LGLL patients. Our study identified increased percentage and absolute number of CD3+CD8+ T cells, meanwhile decreased CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in T-LGLL cases. Interestingly, there were significant correlations between CD3+CD8+ T cells and T-cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL). The significantly decreased percentage and absolute number of normal CD3−CD16/CD56+ NK and CD19+ B cells, which were significant correlations with CD3+CD4+ T, CD3+CD8+ T or CD4/CD8 ratios, were observed. Also we found that the percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cells in αβ T-LGLL was significantly higher than that in γδ T-LGLL. Thus, changes of T lymphocyte subsets, normal NK and B cells, and the correlations among them in Chinese patients with T-LGLL were determined.

BackgroundActivated cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) recognize the auto-antigens presented on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) through class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and play an important role in the immune pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA). Previous reports demonstrated that HLA was related to the disease susceptibility and response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in AA patients. Recent studies have indicated that specific HLA allele deletions, which helped AA patients to evade CTL-driven autoimmune responses and escape from immune surveillance, may lead to high-risk clonal evolution. Therefore, HLA genotyping has a particular predictive value for the response to IST and the risk of clonal evolution. However, there are limited studies on this topic in the Chinese population.MethodsTo explore the value of HLA genotyping in Chinese patients with AA, 95 AA patients treated with IST were retrospectively investigated.ResultsThe alleles HLA-B*15:18 and HLA-C*04:01 were associated with a superior long-term response to IST (P = 0.025; P = 0.027, respectively), while the allele HLA-B*40:01 indicated an inferior result (P = 0.02). The allele HLA-A*01:01 and HLA-B*54:01 were associated with high-risk clonal evolution (P = 0.032; P = 0.01, respectively), and the former had a higher frequency in very severe AA (VSAA) patients than that in severe AA (SAA) patients (12.7% vs 0%, P = 0.02). The HLA-DQ*03:03 and HLA-DR*09:01 alleles were associated with high-risk clonal evolution and poor long-term survival in patients aged ≥40 years. Such patients may be recommended for early allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation rather than the routine IST treatment.ConclusionHLA genotype has crucial value in predicting the outcome of IST and long-term survival in AA patients, and thus may assist an individualized treatment strategy.

Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH) is a condition that affects various tissues and organs and the metabolic and inflammatory systems. The most prevalent metabolic condition is metabolic syndrome (MS), which involves insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. There may be a connection between IPAH and MS, based on a plethora of studies, although the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Through various bioinformatics analyses and machine learning algorithms, we identified 11 immune- and metabolism-related potential diagnostic genes (EVI5L, RNASE2, PARP10, TMEM131, TNFRSF1B, BSDC1, ACOT2, SAC3D1, SLA2, P4HB, and PHF1) for the diagnosis of IPAH and MS, and we herein supply a nomogram for the diagnosis of IPAH in MS patients. Additionally, we discovered IPAH's aberrant immune cells and discuss them here.

Variants in the solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) gene are the molecular basis of ferroportin disease, which is an autosomal dominant hereditary hemochromatosis. Here, we present a patient with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) associated with an extremely high levels of serum ferritin and iron overload syndrome. Whole exon sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous variant in SLC40A1 (p.T419I), which was found in his daughter as well. A series of functional studies in vitro of the T419I variant in ferroportin were conducted and the results revealed a reduced capacity of iron export from cells without changes in protein localization and its sensitivity to hepcidin. Intracellular iron storage in mutated cells was significantly higher than that of wild-type. These findings suggest that the novel variant p.T419I can cause the classical form of ferroportin disease and an elevated intracellular iron level indicates a potential novel pathogenic mechanism underlying PRCA and LGLL.

In this paper, glass fiber fabric reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites were prepared by hot pressing. The effects of glass fibre modification and hot pressing temperature on the properties of the composites were investigated using a scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer, universal testing machine, and DIGEYE digital imaging colour measurement system. The results show that after the treatment with a silane coupling agent, the silane coupling agent was more uniformly distributed on the surface of the glass fibres, and the bonding effect between the glass fibre fabric and polyphenylene sulphide was significantly improved. The strength of the composites increased and then decreased with the increase of hot pressing temperature, and the surface colour of the composites became darker and darker. When the hot-pressing temperature is 310 °C, the mechanical properties of glass fabric-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites are at their best, the tensile strength reaches 51.9 MPa, and the bending strength reaches 78 MPa.

Bytecode is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter. Unlike human-readable source code, bytecode is even harder to understand for programmers and researchers. Bytecode has been widely used in various software tasks such as malware detection and clone detection. In order to understand the meaning of the bytecode more quickly and accurately and further help programmers in more software activities, we propose a bytecode comment generation method (called BCGen) using neural language model. Specifically, to get the structured information of the bytecode, we first generate the control flow graph (CFG) of the bytecode, and serialize the CFG with bytecode semantic information. Then a transformer model combining gate recurrent unit is proposed to learn the features of bytecode to generate comments. We obtain the bytecode by building the Jar packages of the well-known open-source projects in the Maven repository and construct a bytecode dataset to train and evaluate our model. Experimental results show that the BLEU of BCGen can reach 0.26, which outperforms several baselines and proves the effectiveness and practicability of our method. It is concluded that it is possible to generate natural language comments directly from the bytecode. Meanwhile, it is important to take structured and semantic information into account in generating bytecode comments.

Maternal exposure to chemical elements, including essential and non-essential elements, have been found to be associated with preterm births (PTB). However, few studies have measured element concentrations in cord whole blood, which reflects activity at the maternal-fetal interface and may be biologically associated with PTBs. In this study, we determined concentrations of 21 elements in cord whole blood and explored the associations between element concentrations and PTB in a nested case-control study within a birth cohort in Guangdong, China. Finally, 515 preterm infants and 595 full-term infants were included. We performed single-element and multi-element logistic regressions to evaluate linear relationships between element concentrations and PTB. According to the results of single-element models, most essential elements (including K, Ca, Si, Zn, Se, Sr and Fe) were negatively associated with PTB, while Cu, V, Co and Sn were positively associated with PTB. Of the non-essential elements, Sb, Tl, and U were positively associated with PTB, while Pb was negatively associated with PTB. The multi-element model results for most elements were similar, except that the association between Mg and PTB was shown to be significantly positive, and the association for Cu became much larger. A possible explanation is that the effects of Mg and Cu may be influenced by other elements. We performed restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions and found significantly non-linear exposure-response relationships for Mg, Se, Sr, K and Sb, indicating that the effects of these elements on PTB are not simply detrimental or beneficial. We also examined the joint effect using a Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model and found the risk of PTB decreased significantly with element mixture concentration when lnC was larger than the median. Bivariate interaction analysis suggested antagonistic effects of Sb on Zn and Sr, which may be attributed to Sb negating the antioxidant capacity of Zn and Sr. This study provides additional evidence for the effect of element exposures on PTB, and will have implications for the prevention of excessive exposures or inappropriate element supplementation during pregnancy.

Acquired aplastic anemia (AA), a heterogeneous bone marrow (BM) failure disease, is mainly mediated by the immune destruction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Given the predominant role of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in AA, it is sensible to theorize that variants of cytokine genes might affect the outcome of IST.In this study, we analyzed three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin (IL)-10 gene in promoter region to clarify their relationship with susceptibility, clinical efficacy and prognosis of AA.We observed that CT genotype of IL-10 rs1800896 was associated with a decreased risk of AA (adjusted OR = 0.541 [95% CI 0.295-0.993], p = .047). Besides, the disease severity differed considerably by IL-10 gene promoter genotypes and alleles. Furthermore, IL-10 SNPs influenced efficacy of IST, with unfavorable response exhibited by rs1800871 and rs1800872 in dominant models (GG + AG vs. AA, adjusted OR = 0.409 [95% CI 0.178-0.943, p = .036] for rs1800871 and GG + GT vs. TT, adjusted OR = 0.396 [95% CI 0.173-0.909, p = .028] for rs1800872, respectively).The polymorphisms of IL-10 promoter region were informatively genetic risk factors which might be conducive to the insights into the mechanisms of AA and the design of individual regimens.

Image recognition technology is one of the important research topics in the field of computer vision, which has been widely used in face recognition, aircraft recognition and unmanned driving. As an important research field of computer vision, image target recognition mainly uses the computer to extract the feature information of the target from the acquired image, transforms the content of the image into the feature expression that can be processed by the computer, and classifies the target objects in the image through the appropriate classification algorithm. Compared with traditional image recognition methods, deep learning can learn more complex knowledge. The excellent deep network model can extract the most useful information from the training data, play a good role in generalization, and has a stronger ability to predict the unknown data. For image classification and image recognition, convolutional neural network layer is used to extract image features. The complex network can make large-scale image classification possible. Combined with the specially designed network structure, the target in the image can be located. In this paper, a medical burn image recognition system is constructed by using convolutional neural network technology and deep learning. The proposed model has better robustness compared with existing algorithms.

A mild and eco-friendly visible-light-induced direct radical cross-coupling perfluoroalkylation of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with perfluoroalkyl iodides was established. This method leads to a facile and practical synthesis of valuable 3-perfluoroalkyl substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in moderate to excellent yields and features a broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance. Moreover, control experiments have been conducted, indicating a radical pathway involved in the reaction mechanisms.

Background Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b catalytic subunit 3 (PAFAH1B3) plays an important role in several cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been reported until now. Methods The expression of PAFAH1B3 in LUAD was determined by using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and real-time PCR (RT–PCR), western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. A chi-square test was used to investigate the correlation between PAFAH1B3 expression and clinical parameters. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed to analyze the prognostic value of PAFAH1B3. The CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, transwell invasion assay and flow cytometry were conducted to detect cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and the cell cycle. The xenograft tumor model was constructed to explore the function of PAFAH1B3 in vivo. Western blot and IHC analyses were performed to detect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuneCellAI) and IHC analyses were used to analyze the effect of PAFAH1B3 on immune cell infiltration. Results Our study showed that the expression of PAFAH1B3 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cells compared with noncancerous tissues and cells. Additionally, the results indicated that the expression of PAFAH1B3 was positively correlated with distant metastasis, TNM stage and poor clinical outcome and it was an independent prognostic risk factor for LUAD. In addition, silencing PAFAH1B3 suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and increased the cell population in the G0-G1 phases in vitro. Furthermore, our results showed that knockdown of PAFAH1B3 increased the epithelial marker E-cadherin level and decreased the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin level in vitro and in vivo. We also proved that PAFAH1B3 downregulation inhibited tumorigenesis and neutrophil infiltration in the xenograft tumor model. Conclusion Our studies indicate that PAFAH1B3, a prognostic risk factor, promotes proliferation, invasion and EMT and affects immune infiltrates in LUAD.

Background Acute bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion has rarely been reported to exhibit an improvement in prognosis. Herein, we report a case of acute bilateral ICA occlusion presenting with bilateral symmetric cortical and basal-ganglia infarctions that exhibited dramatic improvement after a mechanical thrombectomy. Case Description The patient was a 72-year-old man with a history of hypertension who presented with a coma and quadriplegia during sleep and experienced moderate vomiting and diarrhea the day before admission to our hospital. Neurologic examination revealed that the patient was in a coma (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 35). A brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed a hypodense lesion in the bilateral frontal cortex. An emergency cerebral angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of the bilateral ICA. Subsequently, a mechanical thrombectomy of the bilateral ICA was successfully performed. At a 3-month follow-up, the patient had residual slight aphasia and quadriparesis (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 16). Conclusions Bilateral ICA occlusion should be considered if a patient presents with a coma, quadriplegia, and symmetric cortical infarctions. In such a case, a bilateral mechanical thrombectomy may represent a potential treatment for improving the prognosis of the affected patient.

Accurate evaluation of burn degree is a key step in the treatment of burn patients. The body surface area of burn area is the main basis to evaluate the degree of burn. To estimate the burn area timely and accurately is the basis of providing correct infusion volume for patients and determining further treatment measures. Therefore, it is necessary to study a fast and effective method to calculate the area of human body burn. For large-area burn patients, accurate fluid replenishment in shock period plays an important role in the maintenance of vital signs and wound healing, and the estimation of burn body surface area is the basis for calculating fluid replenishment in shock period. As an important branch of computer vision, binocular stereo vision has penetrated into many fields of production and life, which is a hot topic in computer application. Binocular stereo vision technology is based on the theory of parallax, which uses binocular camera to collect the left and right views of the measured objects. The paper proposes the binocular vision uses stereo matching algorithm to calculate the position deviation between two images, so as to obtain the 3D geometric information of the object. Based on this, this paper uses binocular vision technology and capsule network model to build a medical burn area evaluation model. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively locate the burn area and image processing.

Background: Depression is considered as one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Prescription of antidepressants is a current clinical practice well-established as the first-line treatment for such patients. Our study was aimed at systematically examining the evidence on the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of depression in AD patients. Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials retrieved by systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases. Primary outcomes included mean depression score and safety. Secondary outcomes were cognition. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve was performed to estimate a ranking probability for different treatments. Results: A total of 25 studies including 14 medications met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, only mirtazapine (standard mean deviation [SMD], −1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.53 to −0.36; p Conclusion: Overall, in the short-term treatment, these data suggest that commonly used antidepressants sertraline and mirtazapine should be considered as an alternative treatment for depression in AD patients. However, more high-quality trials with large samples and longer following-up are proposed.

As a type of congenital microcytic hypochromic anemia, thalassemia trait is often confused with other conditions, such as congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) and iron deficiency anemia, before a specific work-up is performed. However, these tests, including hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis, gene mutations and Prussian blue staining after bone marrow aspirate, are relatively expensive, time-consuming and invasive. To find labor-saving parameters to facilitate differential diagnosis, we retrospectively analyzed the routine blood indexes of 59 thalassemia trait cases [22 α-thalassemia (α-thal), 36 β-thalassemia (β-thal) and one α/β-thal], 21 CSA patients, and 238 iron deficiency anemia controls. Significantly higher reticulocyte Hb equivalent (Ret-He) and lower red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW) were prominent in thalassemia trait. Furthermore, RDW-standard deviation (SD) was independent of the severity of anemia in thalassemia trait, similar to Ret-He in CSA. In the context of the same grades of anemia, Ret-He combined with RDW was powerful in differentiation of thalassemia from CSA and iron deficiency anemia. By receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis, Ret-He had a specificity of 67.06% and a sensitivity of 76.92% with a cutoff value of 20.9 pg for thalassemia trait in mild anemia and a specificity of 84.09% and a sensitivity of 68.42% with a cutoff value of 19.1 pg for thalassemia trait in moderate anemia. Regarding CSA, Ret-He had 92.94% specificity and 60.00% sensitivity in mild anemia, with a cutoff value of 18.1 pg. Overall, Ret-He and RDW are two convenient indexes able to differentiate thalassemia from the other two microcytic anemias, CSA and iron deficiency anemia.

Using more than 178,000 borrowing listings in a Chinese online peer-to-peer (P2P) platform, we examine whether there is an effective reputation mechanism in P2P lending. The empirical results indicate that borrowers with better historical performance can obtain loans at a higher probability and lower cost. This indicates that lenders take borrowers’ reputation as a key signal in their lending decisions. Moreover, a good reputation can reduce borrowers’ default probability. We conclude that in P2P lending, there is an effective reputation mechanism that can discipline borrowers’ behavior.

We propose a nonparametric kernel estimation method (KEM) that deter-mines the optimal hedge ratio by minimizing the downside risk of a hedgedportfolio, measured by conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). We also demonstratethat the KEM minimum-CVaR hedge model is a convex optimization. Thesimulation results show that our KEM provides more accurate estimationsand the empirical results suggest that, compared to other conventionalmethods, our KEM yields higher effectiveness in hedging the downside riskin the weather-sensitive markets.

Immune-mediated quantitative and qualitative defects of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) play a vital role in the pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia (AA). Autophagy is closely related to T cell pathophysiology and the destiny of HSPCs, in which autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) is indispensably involved. We hypothesized that genetic variants of ATG5 might contribute to AA. We studied six ATG5 polymorphisms in a Chinese cohort of 176 patients with AA to compare with 157 healthy controls. A markedly decreased risk of AA in the recessive models of rs510432 and rs803360 polymorphisms (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.467 [0.236-0.924], P = 0.029 for ATG5 rs510432; adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.499 [0.255-0.975], P = 0.042 for ATG5 rs803360) was observed. Furthermore, the decreased risk was even more pronounced among nonsevere AA compared with healthy controls under recessive models (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.356 [0.141-0.901], P = 0.029 for ATG5 rs510432; adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.348 [0.138-0.878], P = 0.025 for ATG5 rs803360; adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.352 [0.139-0.891], P = 0.027 for ATG5 rs473543). Above all, rs573775 can strongly predict the occurrence of newly onset hematological event in patients with AA. Our results indicate that genetic ATG5 variants contributed to AA, which may facilitate further clarifying the underlying mechanisms of AA and making a patient-tailored medical decision.

Reactive power optimization is essentially finding the optimal power flow for optimizing the voltage profile and power flow in the steady state. Considering that the operation of devices is restricted by their service lifetimes and regulations, dynamic reactive power optimization (DRPO) is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem considering the practical regulation constraints of devices. To preserve the control independence and information privacy of the distributed subnetworks, a three-stage programming approach is proposed to achieve a fully decentralized solution to the DRPO problem of the multiarea power system. In addition to incorporating optimality condition decomposition, the decentralized DRPO method includes three stages for addressing the difficulty in handling the discrete variables, and it can achieve a fully distributed solution for the multiarea DRPO problem, with only minor boundary information to be exchanged. A forward-backward-pass dynamic programming approach with computational complexity of polynomial order is utilized to solve the stepwise fitting problem. The simulation results for three test systems demonstrate that the proposed decentralized method can obtain a high-quality solution in a decentralized manner with promising computation performance considering the practical regulation constraints.

Background X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) is the most common form of congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA), and is associated with the mutations in the 5-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2). The genetic basis of more than 40% of CSA cases remains unknown. Methods A two-generation Chinese family with XLSA was studied by next-generation sequencing to identify the underlying CSA-related mutations. Results In the study, we identified a missense ALAS2 R204Q mutation in a hemizygous Chinese Han man and in his heterozygous daughter. The male proband presented clinical manifestations at 38 years old and had a good response to pyridoxine. Conclusions XLSA, as a hereditary disease, can present clinical manifestations later in lives, for adult male patients with ringed sideroblasts and hypochromic anemia, it should be evaluated with gene analyses to exclude CSA.

ASH1L mutations have been identified with variable phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). However, the mechanisms underlying this phenotypic variation remain unknown. Here, we present twin sisters exhibiting mild intellectual disability and seizures. Whole-exome sequencing of the family revealed a novel de novo heterozygous sequence variant, NM_018489.2: c.2678dup (p.Lys894*) in exon 3 of ASH1L which was estimated to be pathogenic. Furthermore, we reviewed previously reported ASH1L mutations in order to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations for ASH1L variants. We found that patients with missense mutations in ASH1L appeared to present with more severe phenotypes and a higher likelihood of ASD than those with truncating mutations. The relationship between phenotype and genotype reported across several patients may help to explain the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variation commonly observed between ASH1L mutations.

Additional file1: Data title: the ALAS2 sequence of the proband, his daughter and son by Sanger sequencing

Biosurfactants are a series of organic compounds that are composed of two parts, hydrophobic and hydrophilic, and since they have properties such as less toxicity and biodegradation, they are widely used in the food industry. Important applications include healthy products, oil recycling, and biological refining. In this research, to calculate the curves of rhamnolipid adsorption compared to Amberlite XAD-2, the least-squares vector machine algorithm has been used. Then, the obtained model is formed by 204 adsorption data points. Various graphical and statistical approaches are applied to ensure the correctness of the model output. The findings of this study are compared with studies that have used artificial neural network (ANN) and data group management method (GMDH) models. The model used in this study has a lower percentage of absolute mean deviation than ANN and GMDH models, which is estimated to be 1.71%.The least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is very valuable for investigating the breakthrough curve of rhamnolipid, and it can also be used to help chemists working on biosurfactants. Moreover, our graphical interface program can assist everyone to determine easily the curves of rhamnolipid adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2.

Background: Identification of occlusion mechanism before endovascular treatment (EVT) is of great significance for intracranial large vessel occlusion stroke (ILVOs). Cardioembolism occlusion and large-artery atherosclerosis are the two common etiologies of ILVOs. However, there is few of valid methods to predict the two etiologies of ILVOs before EVT. Methods: We evaluated retrospectively two etiologies of ILVOs: intracranial atherosclerosis stenosis-related occlusion (ICAS-O) and embolism-related occlusion( EMB-O) in a cohort of patients at a national comprehensive stroke centre database of China over a 77-month period. Patients were divided at a ratio of 2:1 randomly into the training and the validation cohorts. We derived a score for ILVOs in the derivation cohort of patients , and assessed the score in the validation cohort. Results: We identified 608 from 662 patients with ILVOs who received EVT in the study period. Subsequent to adjustment for confounding factors, atrial fibrillation. (AF) (no vs. yes, OR=27·29, 95%CI: 13·27-56·09), hypertension (yes vs. no, OR=2·90, 95%CI: 1·34-6·26), diabetes mellitus (DM) (yes vs. no, OR=2·80, 95%CI: 1·45-5·42), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) (

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among females worldwide. The tumor microenvironment usually prevents effective lymphocyte activation and infiltration, and suppresses infiltrating effector cells, leading to a failure of the host to reject the tumor. CC chemokines play a significant role in inflammation and infection. Methods: In our study, we analyzed the expression and survival data of CC chemokines in patients with BC using several bioinformatics analyses tools. Results: The mRNA expression of CCL2/3/4/5/7/8/11/17/19/20/22 was remarkably increased while CCL14/21/23/28 was significantly down-regulated in BC tissues compared with normal tissues. Methylation could down-regulate expression of CCL2/5/15/17/19/20/22/23/24/25/26/27 in BC. Low expression of CCL3/4/23 was found to be associated with drug resistance in BC. Results from Kaplan–Meier plotter and BC Gene-Expression Miner v4.2 (bcGenExMiner) v4.2 demonstrated that BC patients with high CCL8 and low CCL19/21/22 expression were more likely to have a worse prognosis. CCL8 expression was significantly up-regulated in BC tissues compared with normal tissues. High CCL8 expression was significantly correlated with negative PR, negative ER, positive nodal status, triple-negative BC subtype, basal-like BC subtype, triple-negative and basal-like BC subtype and high grades. CCL21 was down-regulated in BC, while high levels of CCL21 was associated with negative PR, triple-negative subtype, basal-like subtype and low tumor grade. Functional analysis demonstrated that CCL8 and CCL21 were involved in carcinogenesis, tumor immune escape and chemoresistance in BC. Conclusion: Integrative bioinformatics analysis demonstrated CCL8/21 as potential prognostic biomarkers in BC microenvironment.

Objectives: To clear the obscure conclusion on the prediction value of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) clones in severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 219 consecutive SAA patients treated with IST from October 2008 to October 2015 and evaluated the haematological responses to IST. Results: The presence of a PNH clone was detected in 55 (25.1%) patients prior to IST [37/88 by flow cytometry (FCM) and 18/131 by fluorescent aerolysin (FLAER)] and 27 disappeared after IST (23/37 in initial FCM group, 4/18 in initial FLAER group, p = 0.005). In patients without an initial clone, 12 (30.0%) cases in FCM and 17 (19.5%) in FLAER groups presented a PNH clone at least once after IST (p < 0.001). In patients with a pre-treatment PNH clone detected by FCM, the 3-, 6- and 12-month response rates were higher than patients without (p = 0.006; 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). And in FLAER group, the 3-month response rate was significantly higher in those with a prior clone (p = 0.017), however, the 6- and 12-month response rates showed no differences (p = 0.105, p = 0.144, respectively). By multivariate analysis, a shorter interval between diagnosis and treatment is associated with a better response and survival. Conclusions: A more reliable FLAER method allows us to draw a conclusion that PNH clone predicts a faster response but not a higher response rate to IST. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, the IST should be initiated as soon as possible.

Additional file 2: Figure S2. The Heatmap of differentially expressed genes between AA and HD.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The characteristics of AA patients.

Additional file 5: Figure S5. UC-MSC transplantation significantly rescue the hyperimmune status of AA mice.

Additional file 11: Supplementary information. The details associated with Additional Figure Legends and Additional Tables were listed.

Additional file 4: Figure S4. UC-MSC transplantation ameliorate the pancytopenia in AA mice.

Additional file 3: Figure S3. The enriched genetic mutations and variation spectrums in the chromosome of AA-MSCs.