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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using Korean medical treatment for peripheral facial nerve palsy.Methods: We primarily treated the patient’s peripheral facial nerve palsy during hospitalization (06/28/21~07/13/21) without any other steroids or antiviral drug treatments and additionally treated their spinal stenosis, using Korean medical treatments in both cases (herbal medicine, acupuncture, and herbal acupuncture therapy). The House-Brackmann grading system and Yanagihara’s unweighted grading system were used to assess facial symptom changes, and the Numerical Rating Scale was used to evaluate the back pain caused by the spinal stenosis.Results: Following treatment, the patient’s House-Brackmann and Numerical Rating Scale scores decreased, while their Yanagihara unweighted score improved.Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine may be effective in the treatment of facial nerve palsy.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of applying Korean medical treatment to chronic gastritis.Methods: We treated a chronic gastritis patient with Korean medical treatments (herbal medicines, acupuncture, and herbal acupuncture therapy). To evaluate the results of this treatment, we took measurements using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea, and abdominal distension. The patient’s generic health status was evaluated using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale.Results: Improvements in gastrointestinal symptom ratings and the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale were observed after the treatments. Relief of symptoms was observed in abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension using the Visual Analogue Scale.Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine may be effective in the treatment of chronic gastritis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report on the efficacy of Korean medical treatment for treating menopausal vasomotor symptoms (heat flashes and sleep disorders).Methods: We treated a menopausal female patient with heat flashes and sleep disorders using Korean medical treatments (herbal medicines, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, and chuna). To evaluate the results of this treatment, we used Kupperman’s Index and the Numerical Rating Scale to measure heat flashes and total sleeping time, respectively. The patient’s general health status was evaluated using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale.Results: We observed improvements in Kupperman’s Index, the Numerical Rating Scale, the patient’s total sleeping time, and the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale following the treatments.Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine may be an effective treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (heat flashes and sleep disorders).

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of using Korean medical treatment for suspected allergic rhinitis.Methods: We used Korean medical treatments (herbal medicines and acupuncture) to treat a hospitalized patient with suspected allergic rhinitis. To evaluate the treatment, we used Total Nasal Symptom Scores to measure sneezing, rhinorrhea, itching, and obstruction. The degree of rhinitis was also evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale, and the patient’s generic health status was measured using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale.Results: Visual Analogue Scale and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale scores improved after treatment. The change in Total Nasal Symptom Scores showed that the patient’s suspected allergic rhinitis symptoms were relieved.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Korean medicine therapies may be effective for treating suspected allergic rhinitis.

Significant design efforts were undertaken during the Pre-Concept Design (PCD) phase of the European DEMO programme to optimize the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) breeding blanket. A Gate Review was conducted for the entire European DEMO programme at the conclusion of the PCD phase. This article presents a summary of the design evolution and the rationale behind the HCPB breeding blanket concept for the European DEMO. The main performance metrics, including nuclear, thermal hydraulics, thermal mechanical, and tritium permeation behaviors, are reported. These figures demonstrate that the HCPB breeding blanket is a highly effective tritium-breeding and robust driver blanket concept for the European DEMO. In addition, three alternative concepts of interest were explored. Furthermore, this article outlines the upcoming design and R&D activities for the HCPB breeding blanket during the Concept Design phase (2021-2027).

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of Korean medical treatment for a headache (suspected CPSP) patient with a history of cerebral infarction.Methods: We treated the patient using Korean medical treatments (herbal medicines-Kamiseokyong-tang, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and chuna). The treatments were measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) for headache and post neck pain. General health status was evaluated using the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions (EQ-5d) Scale.Results: We observed improvements in the NRS, NDI, and EQ-5d scores after the treatments.Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine may effectively treat headaches (suspected CPSP) with accompanying cerebral infarction.

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of Korean medical treatment for reflux esophagitis.Methods: We used Korean medical treatment (herbal medicines, acupuncture, herbal acupuncture, and therapy) to treat a hospitalized patient with reflux esophagitis. To evaluate the treatment, we measured the symptoms using the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for heartburn, acid reflux, chest pain, foreign body sensations in the throat, chronic cough, hoarseness, and bronchial asthma. The generic health status was evaluated using the European Quality of Life Five-Dimension (EQ-5d) Scale.Results: The RSI and EQ-5d scores improved following treatment, but the VAS scores showed that only heartburn, acid reflux, and chest pain symptoms were relieved.Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine may be effective for treating reflux esophagitis.

This report describes the efficacy of using Yangshimtang-gamibang for a sleep disorder caused by a traffic accident. We treated a patient with Yangshimtang-gamibang for 12 days for sleep disorder caused by a traffic accident. To evaluate the results, we used the Korean Modified Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (KMLSEQ) to measure sleep disorder. The degree of sleep disorder was also evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The generic health status was evaluated using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scale. Improvements in the NRS and EQ-5D scale scores were observed after the treatments. The change in the KMLSEQ score indicates that the patient's sleep disorder was relieved. The results of this case study suggest that Yangshimtang-gamibang may be an effective treatment for sleep disorders caused by traffic accident.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients with an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, which is often accompanied by lower back pain and restrained activities, is growing. Balloon kyphoplasty involves the inflation of a balloon to restore height and reduce kyphotic deformity before stabilization with polymethylmethacrylate. However, there is a great deal of debate about whether balloon kyphoplasty also increases fracture morbidity by either inducing or facilitating subsequent adjacent vertebral fractures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the rate of vertebral body height loss before balloon kyphoplasty and the etiology of early adjacent vertebral fracture after augmentation. METHODS: A total of 59 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent kyphoplasty were enrolled. This study defined early adjacent segmental fractures as new fractures occurring within three months after surgery. This study included the rate of vertebral body height loss. RESULTS: Early adjacent vertebral fractures were diagnosed in nine (15%) of the 59 patients. The patients were divided into two groups, with and without adjacent vertebral fractures. There was no significant difference in terms of age, body mass index, bone mineral density, local kyphotic angle, Cobb’s angle, cement volume, cement leakage, and percent height restored between the groups with fractures and without fractures. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the rate of vertebral body height loss. The rate of vertebral body height loss was significantly higher in the fracture group than in the without fracture group. CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of vertebral body height loss increased the risk of early adjacent vertebral fractures after balloon kyphoplasty.

Background The association of the severity of clinical symptoms and level of functional performance with the degree of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with lateral epicondylitis has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between the degree of anatomical abnormalities by evaluating three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging models of the common extensor tendon and clinical parameters in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Materials and methods A total of 61 patients (24 men and 37 women) with lateral epicondylitis were included in this study. 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging was performed for all patients, and clinical parameters, including pain visual analog scale score, Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score, elbow range of motion, and demographic factors, were evaluated. The proportion of lesion volume of common extensor tendon was adopted for three-dimensional model analysis. To determine the factors associated with clinical parameters, univariate, and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results The proportion of lesion volume of common extensor tendon was not associated with clinical parameters. Gender and muscle edema were independently associated with pain visual analog scale scores. However, demographic factors and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were not associated with the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score or elbow range of motion. Conclusions The three-dimensional volumetric lesion size of common extensor tendon was not associated with clinical symptoms and functional performance in patients with lateral epicondylitis. The clinical parameters of lateral epicondylitis may be influenced by several factors.

For the stable and self-sufficient functioning of the DEMO fusion reactor, one of the most important parameters that must be demonstrated is the Tritium Breeding Ratio (TBR). The reliable assessment of the TBR with safety margins is a matter of fusion reactor viability. The uncertainty of the TBR in the neutronic simulations includes many different aspects such as the uncertainty due to the simplification of the geometry models used, the uncertainty of the reactor layout and the uncertainty introduced due to neutronic calculations. The last one can be reduced by applying high fidelity Monte Carlo simulations for TBR estimations. Nevertheless, these calculations have inherent statistical errors controlled by the number of neutron histories, straightforward for a quantity such as that of TBR underlying errors due to nuclear data uncertainties. In fact, every evaluated nuclear data file involved in the MCNP calculations can be replaced with the set of the random data files representing the particular deviation of the nuclear model parameters, each of them being correct and valid for applications. To account for the uncertainty of the nuclear model parameters introduced in the evaluated data file, a total Monte Carlo (TMC) method can be used to analyze the uncertainty of TBR owing to the nuclear data used for calculations. To this end, two 3D fully heterogeneous geometry models of the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) and water cooled lithium lead (WCLL) European DEMOs were utilized for the calculations of the TBR. The TMC calculations were performed, making use of the TENDL-2017 nuclear data library random files with high enough statistics providing a well-resolved Gaussian distribution of the TBR value. The assessment was done for the estimation of the TBR uncertainty due to the nuclear data for entire material compositions and for separate materials: structural, breeder and neutron multipliers. The overall TBR uncertainty for the nuclear data was estimated to be 3~4% for the HCPB and WCLL DEMOs, respectively.

For the ITER core CXRS diagnostic, a shutter is mandatory to protect the first mirror when no measurement takes place. With the continuing design development of the diagnostic and the knowledge obtained from previous shutter prototypes, the frictionless fast shutter did undergo some design changes and manufacturing improvements without degrading the performance (opening/closing 1 s). In this paper, the major modifications of the shutter design are presented. An adjustment system was developed to allow compensation of manufacturing deviations and precise positioning of the protective blade according to the final aperture position, which is not known before the final assembly with the as-built dimensions of the port plug and diagnostic shield module (DSM). The shutter components and their adjustment systems are implemented into the shutter‘s actively cooled base structure, which in turn simplifies the remote handling procedure. For the helium circuit an activity study is presented, which allows to access the nuclear pressure equipment classification and to determine the number of required purges during the ITER lifetime. With the heat loads obtained from the known heat flow on the blade and from the neutronics analysis, a thermal FE-analysis was performed on the full shutter model by which the expected heat flow at the mechanical interfaces can be given.

Background: Presentation of musculoskeletal symptoms, such as pain, discomfort, or disability, caused by a traffic accident (TA) is a common occurrence. However, studies on treatment and management of sudden low back pain (LBP) caused by a TA are very scarce, while studies on the effectiveness of motion style acupuncture therapy (MSAT) used on such patients are also rare. Accordingly, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is planned to assess the effectiveness and safety of MSAT using traction (T-MSAT) for the treatment of pain and functional problems in patients with acute LBP caused by a TA. Methods: This study will be conducted at Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine in South Korea, using a two-armed, parallel, assessor-blinded RCT design. The study population will consist of 100 participants who will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the T-MSAT+integrative Korean medicine therapy (IKMT) group or IKMT control group. The treatment will be applied continuously for 3 days after admission. The primary outcome will be the difference between the numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at admission and immediately after treatment on the fourth day of admission. Secondary outcomes will include visual analogue scale (VAS) for LBP and radiating leg pain; NRS for radiating leg pain; lumbar active range of motion; Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC); the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5-K); and 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12). Discussion: This study is a RCT to assess the effectiveness and safety of T-MSAT for acute LBP caused by a TA. The findings could be used by healthcare-related policy makers and clinicians in primary care institutions, which are frequently visited by patients suffering from LBP caused by a TA.

The original version of this article, published on 05 August 2020, unfortunately contained a mistake.

Beta values of the intertrochanteric fracture group were about twice as high as those of the femoral neck fracture group. These results can be used to increase the awareness of proximal hip fracture among physicians and improve treatments and outcomes. To compare the BMD of the femoral neck region and the intertrochanteric region between the femoral neck fracture group and the intertrochanteric fracture group. We did a retrospective review of radiographs of the proximal femoral fractures in patients registered from 2010 to 2017. A total of 329 patients were classified into the femoral neck fracture group (group A, n = 162) and the femur intertrochanteric fracture group (group B, n = 167). We did intergroup comparisons of age, sex, BMI (body mass index), and bone mineral density (BMD) of the neck and intertrochanteric region, adjusting for age. We did multiple logistic regression analysis among these parameters. The BMD of the femoral neck and intertrochanteric was statistically significantly different between the two groups (p

In ITER [1] , it is foreseen to have two Test Blanket Systems (TBS) installed in two dedicated Equatorial Ports (EP) for the purpose of testing and validating different concepts of tritium breeding blankets [2] . Each TBS consists of a Test Blanket Module Port Plug (TBM PP) and its associated systems; the Pipe Forest (PF) in the Port Interspace (PI) area and the corresponding systems in the Port Cell (PC) area. While analyses have been conducted before [3] , the design has since gone through major evolution with a redesign of the PF, a new BP based on the butterfly doors concept, and an optional activated water delay tank. In this paper, the results of a comprehensive nuclear analyses that aim at assessing the neutronics performance of the revised PF and BP, will be discussed. These include calculations of neutron flux distributions and Shutdown Dose Rate (SDDR), following SA2 [4] scenario, in a baseline configuration and exploring the option of adding additional shielding plates in the PF. It has been found that the additional shielding plates reduces the neutron flux in the PI by ∼40–60% and the SDDR in the PI, due to activated components, by ∼50%.

This article presents a global study of the tritium breeding performances in DEMO for the two breeding blanket concepts helium-cooled pebble bed (HCPB) and water-cooled lithium lead (WCLL). In order to consider the impact of cut-outs in the breeding blanket to integrated plasma limiters and auxiliary systems a set of 22.5° sector models was elaborated for diverse geometry configurations. The cut-outs in the breeder blankets were implemented making use of simplified CAD models for limiters (central inboard, upper, equatorial mid plane and equatorial lower limits) as well as for EC and NBI systems. These models were converted into the MCNP geometry representations making use of SuperMC code. The TBR calculations were performed with MCNP code for all geometry models. Interference effects due to non-symmetric distribution of limiters and auxiliary systems around the torus are shown to be negligible making use of a dedicated 360° model. Therefore the total TBR can be calculated considering the separate results regarding the impact of the different In-Vessel Components (IVCs) included in the 22.5° models. The TBR decrease due to the allocation of all currently considered limiters and auxiliary systems is ∼11% and ∼10% for the HCPB and the WCLL blanket respectively. Depending on the TBRtarget value adopted in the DEMO project (assumed range being 1.02–1.05) the required TBR can vary from TBRreq = 1.13÷1.16 accounting for the impact of the integration of limiters and auxiliary systems.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CT contrast agent and MRI contrast agent on the area dose in the body when using automatic exposure control system in general radiography. After making rectangular holes in the center of the abdominal thickness paraffin phantom, CT contrast agent and MRI contrast agent were respectively diluted with physiological saline solution for contrast medium dilution ratio of 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, 1:9, 0:10%. Each experiment was set to 78 kVp, 320 mA, which is the proper condition for KUB photography, and thereafter a total of 30 inspections were made for each dilution ratio using an automatic exposure control device, and the area dose corresponding to the dilution ratio of each contrast agent, Average comparison and correlation analysis were performed on the exposure index. As a result, the CT contrast agent and the MRI contrast agent appeared different in area dose according to the dilution ratio(p

KSTAR is a medium size fully superconducting tokamak. The deuterium-deuterium (D-D) reaction in the KSTAR tokamak generates neutrons with a peak yield of 3.5x1016 per second through a pulse operation of 100 seconds. The effect of neutron generation from full D-D high power KSTAR operation mode to the machine, such as activation, shutdown dose rate, and nuclear heating, are estimated for an assurance of safety during operation, maintenance, and machine upgrade. The nuclear heating of the in-vessel components, and neutron activation of the surrounding materials have been investigated. The dose rates during operation and after shutdown of KSTAR have been calculated by a 3D CAD model of KSTAR with the Monte Carlo code MCNP5 (neutron flux and decay photon), the inventory code FISPACT (activation and decay photon) and the FENDL 2.1 nuclear data library.

The curcuminoid natural products have long been recognized for their medicinal properties and utilized for the treatment of many diseases. Curcuminoids are the major constituents of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and some other Curcuma species, including a number of other plant species. Curcuminoids include curcumin (~77%), demethoxycurcumin (~18%), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (~5%), and they exhibit many interesting biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiplatelet activities. The cause of thrombosis is commonly associated with platelet aggregation. The effect of curcumin has been reported to reduce platelet aggregation and to increase prostacyclin (PGI2) as the main factor, and it inhibited the induction of platelet aggregation for adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine (adrenaline), and collagen. Platelets play a main role in hemostasis in the main defense mechanism in biological systems (in vivo). However, hyper-activated platelets increase thrombosis and could develop various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Conventional anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin, clopidogrel bisulfate, and abciximab have already been proven to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases, but these drugs also have side effects like bleeding. We decided to use curcumin and its analogs as starting materials in order to prevent side effects. However, curcumin has poor absorption in vivo, thus we studied improving its physical properties. It remains unknown whether the activity of curcumin is based on its presumably promiscuous scaffold, or if it results from the Michael acceptor properties of the α,β-unsaturated 1,3-diketone moiety central to its structure. The keto-enol tautomerism and E/Z enol stereoisomerism of curcumin result in dynamic equilibria of isomers, which hinder the evaluation of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of substituted curcumins. We studied the relationship between curcumin-derived pyrazoles of the 1,3-dicarbonyl with various hydrazines and curcuminester of the phenol position. Curcumin-derived pyrazoles were synthesized in order to minimize the metal chelation properties of curcumin. We designed and synthesized new curcumin derivatives. First, known compounds (curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, curcumin-derived pyrazole, and bisdemethoxycurcumin-derived pyrazole) were separated Figure 1. Approaches of curcumin analogs.

Because of the advances in the wireless communication technology, mobile phones have become necessary devices in modern society. With the touch screen-based input methods provided by smartphones, mobile devices have become more interactive. Thus, the vibrators for such devices need to be more responsive to interact directly with humans. However, typical vibrators are not suited for this purpose mainly because of their low vibration performance and high costs. In the recent decade, linear vibrators have been adopted because of their better vibration performance. However, the conventional linear vibrators suffered from slower acceleration drawback under the same input power. This paper proposes a novel structure of linear vibrators to improve the vibration acceleration. The finite element method was used to analyze the electromagnetic and mechanical characteristics of the linear vibrator. Design of experiments and response surface method optimization were performed to maximize the acceleration. Simulation and experimental results revealed that the optimization increased the acceleration of the vibrator by 33% compared with the prototype.

Slim designs have become one of the main concerns in the development of flat digital televisions (TVs). The speaker dimensions play an important role in determining the total thickness of a TV. Conventional slim speakers contain two circular magnetic circuits. This design limits the speaker width and thereby affects the performance. This paper presents a novel slim speaker that aims at reducing the frame limitations. Electrodynamic analyses for conventional and novel designs are conducted by using finite element method (FEM). Optimization of novel design is operated by design of experiment (DOE) method and the response surface methodology (RSM). As a result, the slim speaker width has been decreased by 12.5%. Rated sensitivity of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) is selected to characterize the acoustic performance. The simulations and experiments reveal that the rated sensitivity shows an increase of 1.6 dBA compared to conventional slim speakers.

s of Papers ; 231st American Chemical Society National Meeting, ACS: Washington, DC, 2006. 6. Ahn, H.; Choi, T. H.; De Castro, K.; Lee, K. C.; Kim, B.; Moon, B. S.; Hong, S. H.; Lee, J. C.; Chun, K. S.; Cheon, G. J.; Lim, S. M.; An, G. I.; Rhee, H. J. Med. Chem. 2007 , 50 , 6032. 7. Colacino, J. M. Antiviral Res. 1996 , 29 , 125. 8. Horn, D. M.; Neeb, L. A.; Colacino, J. M.; Richardson, F. C. Anti-viral Res. 1997 , 34 , 71. 9. Alauddin, M. M.; Conti, P. S.; Fissekis, J. D. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2002 , 45 , 583.10. Alauddin, M. M.; Ghosh, P.; Gelovani, J. G. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2006 , 49 , 1079.11. Samuelsson, L.; Langstrom, B. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2003 , 46 , 263.12. Conti, P. S.; Alauddin, M. M.; Fissekis, J. D.; Watanabe, K. A. Nucl. Med. Biol. 1995 , 22 , 783.13. Sun, H.; Sloan. A.; Mangner, T. J.; Vaishampayan, U.; Muzik, O.; Collins, J. M.; Douglas, K.; Shields, A. F. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2005 , 32 , 15.14. Kim, E. J.; Hong, S. H.; Choi, T. H.; Lee, E. A.; Kim, K. M.; Lee, K. C.; An, G. I.; El-Gamal, M. I.; Cheon, G. J.; Choi, C. W.; Lim, S. M.

Synthesis of a new series of pyrimidinyl-imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole derivatives is described. Their antiproliferative activity against A375 human melanoma cell line was tested and the effect of substituents on the pyrimidinyl ring side chain was investigated. The biological results indicated that most of the newly synthesized compounds showed mo- derate activity against A375, compared with Sorafenib. Among all of these derivatives, the cyclic sulfamide derivatives IIIa, IIIb, and IIIe showed the most potent antiproliferative activity against A375 human melanoma cell line. The IC50 values of compounds IIIa,b were in nanomolar scale. In addition, compound IIIe (IC50 = 1.9 µM) also demon- strated more potent antiproliferative activity compared with Sorafenib (IC50 = 5.6 µM).

The performance of a microspeaker was evaluated according to its sound pressure level (SPL). Generally, it is desirable for a microspeaker to have a constant and high SPL that covers the whole audio frequency range. A microspeaker has a relatively high and even SPL for frequencies higher than the first resonance frequency, but its performance is subpar for frequencies below that first resonance frequency. Many sound sources, including people's voices, have low frequency ranges; therefore, it is critical to improve the low-range performances of the microspeaker. This paper presents a method to improve the low-range SPL by improving the magnetic circuit structure and changing the diaphragm shape. To improve the electromagnetic force, the existing two-magnet circuit structure was changed to a one-magnet circuit structure, and the magnet volume was maximized in the process. Accordingly, the wire diameter was expanded and more coils can now be used at the same resistance. Therefore, despite the increase in the air gap, the electromagnetic force improved. In addition, the shape and material of the diaphragm were changed, and the vibration system mass was increased. Due to these changes, the first resonance frequency decreased and the low-range characteristics improved. This study analyzed this new microspeaker design through electromagnetic, mechanical and acoustic coupling relations, in addition to conducting verification through pilot product manufacture and experiments.

초록:본논문에서는무전기에사용되는마이크로스피커의누설자속을최소화하는설계에초점을맞추었다. 진동판표면으로누설되는자속을저감시키고전자기력을향상시키기위한최적설계로반응표면법을적용하였다. 최적설계의목적함수는전자기력과누설자속이며, 폴피스두께, 마그넷그레이드, 요크두께의세가지변수에의해결정되어진다. 전자기력과누설자속은반응표면법으로각조건에서계산되었고, 평가된결과에의해최적화되었다. 폴피스두께0.9 mm, 마그넷그레이드N42H, 요크두께0.75mm 일때, 전자기력은초기모델과동등한수준을만족하였고, 자속누설량은11.8% 저감되었다.Abstract: This paper focuses on the design of microspeakers with minimum flux leakage, for use inradiotelegraphy. The response surface methodology (RSM) is applied as the optimization technique forobtaining a large magnetic force and a small flux leakage on diaphragm. The object functions of thisoptimization are the magnetic force and the flux leakage along three factors; pole piece thickness, magnetgrade and yoke thickness, which are determined by the design of the experiment. The magnetic force and theflux leakage are calculated for each condition and optimized by results evaluated with RSM. For a pole piecethickness of 0.9 mm, a magnet grade of N42H and a yoke thickness of 0.75 mm, the magnetic force issatisfied as initial model and flux leakage is decreased to 11.8% than initial model.

Synthesis of a new series of diarylureas and amides having pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold is described. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities against A375 human melanoma cell line and HS 27 fibroblast cell line were tested and the effect of substituents on pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine was investigated. The newly synthesized compounds, except N-acetyl derivatives (Id, Ie, and Im), generally showed superior or similar activity against A375 to Sorafenib. Among all of these derivatives, compounds Iq and Ir having imidazole and morpholine moieties, respectively, showed the most potent antiproliferative activity against A375.

This paper describes the architecture and technical implementation issues of the ultra fast optical packet switching ring network. The technical features of the proposed network are the use of ultrafast optical packets generated by packet compression, ring topology, and out-of-band transmission of the packet control signals. Using present techniques, it is possible to construct a network that is capable of transporting ultrafast optical packets with low delay and guaranteed bandwidth to some packets. Network performance attributes such as scalability, packet delay, and required buffer size are calculated, and implementation issues for realizing optical packet transmission hardware are discussed. Attention is paid to the synchronization in bit/packet phase between packets traversing a ring fiber. A bit/packet phase synchronous system is successfully shown to offer 40 Gb/s, 4000 bit optical packet switching through the use of 2/spl times/2 high-speed electrooptic switches.

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibria were measured for the binary systems difluoromethane (HFC-32)+1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-22ea) and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a)+1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane at 283.15 and 303.15 K and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)+1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane at 303.15 and 323.15 K in an apparatus in which both phases were recirculated. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state using the Wong–Sandler mixing rules. Azeotropic behavior has not been found in any of the three mixtures.

Current commercial gamma-ray imaging system are general purpose device designed to support a diagnosis for thyroid cancer. These generally require a reasonably large detector plate and the ability to image the thyroid. Recently, new applications of gamma-ray imaging system have emerged which place different demands on gamma-ray imaging system instrumentation, requiring high spatial resolution and sensitivity, in particular for imaging small volumes. These emerging applications, a large plate is not only not required but also limits the performance that can be achieved when imaging small volumes. Significant research has been undertaken in the development of read out schemes of scintillator crystal configurations in an attempt to improve the spatial resolution of gamma-ray imaging system. Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) detectors are attractive candidates for the replacement of Photomultiplier in nuclear imaging. Provide high gain with low voltage and fast response. We are developing a new gamma-ray imaging system detection module with depth of interaction capability. Pixilated scintillation crystals read out by SiPM 4×4 arrays form the basis of the new module. This article concentrates on comparison of the some kind of scintillator performance of the SiPM. In particular we are interested in measuring and quantitative improvement of the detector efficiency, linearity, and energy resolution of the SiPM based detector. Initial characterization of prototype detector consisting of a 4 × 4 SiPM array coupled to either the front surface of a 3mm × 3mm × 15mm × 16pics LYSO crystal. The readout system include SensL preamplifier circuit, anger logic circuit, Notice Scintillate ADC(FADC) and collect & analysis data software root. The parameters that have been measured are: detector efficiency, linearity, and energy resolution. Best energy resolution was experimentally measured 11% for 511keV and spatial resolutions

High-pressure ion chamber (GE Reuter-Stokes, HPIC), accuracy is high but the high price and do not have the ability nuclide analysis is a disadvantage. NaI(Tl) and PMT scintillation detector of radioactive materials can be divided. Environmental radiation measurements using a semiconductor with SiPM detector PMT to replace the value of the results were compared. SiPM detector using radiation environment were measured in the field to verify the accuracy and energy resolution. SiPMs performance as environmental radiation measurement equipment and radioactive material distinction as a personal dosimeter based technology, using the above results were prepared. The interest on the environmental radiation due to the Fukushima power plant crisis in Japan has been growing concern about the radiation environment of the relatively close proximity Korea is a very hightened state. Could be confirmed in the radiation environment of nuclear power plants around the analysis and performance of the next generation of environmental radiation meter. Fukushima power plants accident after 2 years, the equipment installed by this analysis meets the performance as a radiation detector could be confirmed as follows. CANA Inc. developed by radionuclides classification of using man-made and natural radionuclides & man-made radionuclides separated, ensure the value of the results were analyzed. Could be and alternative to the conventional detector energy resolution (137CS

STUDY DESIGN:: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE:: To analyze the clinical outcomes and radiologic changes following microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach in patients with lumbar canal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:: Satisfactory short-term results have been observed following minimally invasive decompressive procedures, but intermediate and long-term outcomes have not been assessed. It is not yet clear whether decompressive laminectomy with concomitant fusion is the optimal surgical treatment for spinal stenosis combined with mild degenerative spondylolisthesis. We therefore evaluated minimum 3-year clinical outcomes and radiologic changes in patients with lumbar canal stenosis and grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis who underwent microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach, without fusion. METHODS:: We assessed 21 consecutive patients who underwent surgery conducted by a single surgeon of our hospital, between 2005 and 2007. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was determined preoperatively, just before discharge, and at last follow-up. Plain dynamic x-rays were used to determine slip percentages. RESULTS:: Average patient age and clinical and radiologic follow-up periods were 67 years, 49.3 months, and 18 months, respectively. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and last follow-up average ODIs were 59.52±9.00, 50.19±7.23, and 26.19±12.42, respectively. But one patient experienced aggravated symptoms and later underwent a fusion procedure. Of the 22 levels with spondylolisthesis, 15 had no sagittal motion as the difference in slip percentage on dynamic x-rays but 7 showed sagittal motion. Average slip percentages increased from 13.90±5.41% to 14.60±5.78% for levels without sagittal motion on dynamic x-ray and from 13.12±3.48% to 18.58±4.55% for levels with sagittal motion. CONCLUSIONS:: Despite small case series with retrospective design and the absence of a control group, our study suggest that bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis showed good mid-term clinical outcomes, despite an increase in slip percentage.However, more marked increases in slippage were observed in patients with sagittal motion in spondylolisthesis levels on preoperative dynamic x-ray than in patients without sagittal motion. Therefore bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach can aggravate symptom related to instability in patients with preoperative sagittal motion on dynamic x-ray and needs longer term follow-up than in our study.

Dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery is a significant problem. The risk factors for such dysphagia have not been established. We examined whether plate profile affected the incidence of dysphagia. This study enrolled 50 consecutive patients undergoing one-level corpectomy or one- or two-level discectomies with plate fixation performed by the same surgeon from 2004 to 2009. The anterior cervical plates used were either the Codman (Johnson and Johnson Professional Inc., Raynham, MA, USA; width 17.58 mm, thickness 2.69 mm; 27 patients) or the Zephir (Medtronic Sofamor Danek Inc., Memphis, TN, USA; width 15 mm, thickness 1.6 mm; 23 patients). Dysphagia was assessed via telephone interviews, and was classified as short-term (occurring within 6 months postoperatively) or persistent (persisting beyond 6 months postoperatively). The overall short-term and persistent dysphagia rates were 20% and 14%, respectively. The short-term and persistent dysphagia rates were 26% and 13% for the Zephir plate, and 14.8% and 14.8% for the Codman plate, and analysis showed that the rates were similar for both types of plate. Age and sex were not found to correlate with dysphagia. In patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery with plate fixation, we found that postoperative dysphagia did not correlate with plate profile up to a plate size of 17.58 mm wide and 2.69 mm thick. Dysphagia occurred at the same incidence in patients with a smaller plate that was 15 mm wide and 1.6 mm thick.

Compounds (IIIb), (IIIf), (IVb), and (IVd)—(IVg) exhibit higher activity against A375P human melanoma cell line than the reference compound sorafenib.

A series of 18 new imidazo[2,1- b ]thiazole derivatives was synthesized. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities against A375P human melanoma cell line and NCI-60 cell line panel were tested. Compounds 15 , 16 , 18 , 22 , 26 – 28 , and 31 showed superior potency against A375P to sorafenib. In addition, compounds 26 and 27 showed selectivity toward melanoma cell lines than for other cancer types. Both compounds exerted sub-micromolar IC 50 values over 7 (including A375P) and 6 melanoma cell lines, respectively. In silico studies are also reported. ADME profiling, in silico toxicity, drug-likeness, and drug-score data of compounds 26 and 27 are promising.

Title compounds, e.g. (VIII), are investigated for their antiproliferative activity against A375 human melanoma cell lines.

The performance of mobile phones has seen much improvement in recent years. It has thus become essential to produce higher quality microspeakers, which are a significant component of mobile phones. The major criteria used to evaluate microspeaker performance are the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Accordingly, it is essential to predict SPL and THD to ensure high performance. Because microspeakers are a complex system composed of electromagnetic, mechanical and acoustic components, their coupling relations must be considered during analysis to obtain quantitative data for the prediction of SPL and THD. In this study, the optimum design is determined using Design of Experiment (DOE) and Response Surface Method (RSM) approaches.

Mobile phones have become necessary communication devices in modern society. Linear vibrators excited with a vertical vibration at resonant frequency produce a silent, tactile signal and, compared with vibration motors, have excellent performance due to their simple structure. This paper introduces an optimal design methodology for linear vibrators through electromagnetic and mechanical coupling analysis using the finite elements method and numerical analysis. Based on experimental results, it is shown that the optimal design produces equivalent performance with respect to acceleration value in terms of electromagnetic and vibration ion.

Synthesis of novel amides and esters prodrugs of olmesartan is described. Their in vitro stability in rat plasma was tested. The results showed that the ester derivative IIa with n-octyl substituted dioxolone moiety was rapidly converted into olmesartan within 30 min. The pharmacokinetic parameters of IIa were studied and compared with those of olmesartan medoxomil. Compound IIa is proposed to be a promising prodrug of olmesartan.

The laser irradiation uniformity on the target surface has been improved using a 2D scheme of the smoothing by spectral dispersion. The laser beam was dispersed in both orthogonal directions by installing the series of pair of phase modulator and diffraction gratings. A polarization- preserving single mode fiber was utilized as the first phase modulator by which the modulation frequency and depth are easily controlled by using the cross-phase modulation. The second phase modulator was a quasi-velocity matched LiTaO3 modulator driven by 9.4-GHz microwave. Using these modulators, the combination of modulation frequencies was varied in a range from 5/9.4 GHz to 14/9.4 GHz. The advanced phase modulation was obtained by adopting the self-phase modulation in conjunction with the cross-phase modulation in the optical fiber. It has been confirmed that the temporally changing modulation frequency (the chirped phase modulation) is favorable for better smoothing in comparison with the ordinary scheme with fixed modulation frequencies.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.