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pdf, ディープランニングが進歩に伴い、人工智能（AI）による詩歌の創作研究が盛んに行われるようになった。著者の研究チームは最近深層学習による和歌生成モデル「和歌VT」を提案した。「和歌VT」は条件付き変分オートエンコーダーと自己注意メカニズムを組み合わせ、指定されたキーワードによって質の高い和歌を生成することができる。本論文ではDice 係数による類似和歌の検索方法を提案し、「和歌VT」モデルによって生成された３首のAI 和歌を例に挙げ、人間和歌との比較の観点から分析を行った。Dice 係数を計算するこの検索方法で類似和歌を客観的に順位付けし、膨大な和歌データから最も目標和歌と近い和歌を選び出すことができる。この和歌検索方法は研究者が和歌を検索する上での参考の一つとして提示することが出来ればと考えている。同方法によって、和歌生成モデル「和歌VT」が創作したAI 和歌と類似する人間和歌を選び出し、その文法や語彙の組み合わせを比較し、AI 和歌の特徴と独創性を分析した。分析結果により、「和歌VT」モデルは人間和歌の主題、文法、句の構造、及び用語を正確にマスターし、独創的な単語の組み合わせ方により斬新的な和歌を生成できることが認められた。 With the development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology, research on poetry creation has been receiving increasingly close attention. In this article, a Waka retrieval method that calulates the similarity index of Waka based on the Dice coefficient is proposed. The method can objectively rank similar Waka poems based on the similarity index, and provide an objective method by which researchers can select similar Wakas from a large number of Waka poems. Using this Waka retrieval method, we select human Waka poems that are similar to the AI Waka generated by the WakaVT model, and analyze the originality of AI Waka through comparing AI waka and human Waka in terms of the features of vocabulary matching. The analysis results show that the WakaVT model has accurately learned the words and grammar of human Waka, as well as the logical structure and causality between sentences, and can generate novel AI Waka using new word collocations and metaphors. This research is expected to be useful not only for the study of AI Waka but also for the study of human Waka poems.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), causing death and disability. The current research study explored whether there was any improvement effect on LN after emodin administration. Network pharmacology was used to screen the target genes of emodin for the treatment of LN. LPS and IL-4 were employed for RAW264.7 macrophage M1/M2 polarization induction, and 0.1% HgCl2 was used for the LN rat model’s establishment. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the effect of 20, 40, and 80 µM emodin on RAW264.7 macrophage polarization. HE and PAS staining were subsequently conducted to detect 70 mg/kg emodin action on renal injury in LN rats. The effect of emodin on the content of urinary proteins and dsDNA antibodies was also determined. The results indicated that peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors gamma (PPARG) may be a target gene of emodin in LN, and emodin had no significant toxicity to macrophages at different concentrations. Compared with the control, emodin significantly inhibited LPS-induced polarization in M1 macrophages and improved that of IL-4-induced M2 macrophages. Besides, emodin alleviated kidney injury and markedly reduced the levels of urinary protein and dsDNA antibodies in rats. Moreover, after targeting interference with the PPARG expression, the improvement effect of emodin on LN is significantly reduced, indicating that emodin may relieve the symptoms of LN by activating the PPARG expression. Our study revealed that PPARG may be applied as a new therapy for LN.

This paper designs a detection method for real-time acquisition of traffic intersection parameters based on image processing. Firstly, two virtual coils were drawn at the beginning and the end on the acquired video stream image. Next, the presence of the vehicle was judged based on the change of the gray value in the two virtual coils. The background difference algorithm was adopted to detect and obtain various traffic parameters. The experimental video samples were collected in the actual road environment. Our algorithm relies on the first and last two coils for information processing, and completes vehicle detection, speed detection, and important parameter information acquisition of body color. Experiments show that, compared with the traditional machine vision-based traffic information detection algorithm, our traffic parameter detection method, which is based on double virtual coils, has high detection accuracy, and can detect more parameter information, while satisfying real-time performance.

Nanosized molecular clusters (MCs) composed of PbBr

Filoviruses, including Ebola virus, pose an increasing threat to the public health. Although two therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have been approved to treat the Ebola virus disease

α-NiS/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were synthesized and used for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation. The fabricated nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, UV-vis DRS, TRPL, and PEC measurements. Photocatalytic studies show that the hydrogen generation rate of the 15%-α-NiS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite reaches 4025 μmol·g−1·h−1 and TC degradation rate 64.6% within 120 min, both of which are higher than that of g-C3N4. The enhanced performance of the nanocomposite is attributed to the formation of a heterojunction between α-NiS and g-C3N4 that enhances visible light absorption, promotes the separation and transfer of charges, and inhibits the recombination of carriers. The photocatalytic mechanism of the α-NiS/g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposite is discussed in terms of relevant energy levels and charge transfer processes.

Due to waning immunity and protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2, a third dose of a homologous or heterologous COVID-19 vaccine has been proposed by health agencies for individuals who were previously primed with two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.We did a randomised, open-label, controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost immunisation with an orally administered aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in Chinese adults (≥18 years old) who had previously received two doses of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-Sinovac CoronaVac. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a heterologous booster vaccination with a low dose (1·0 × 10Between Sept 14 and 16, 2021, 420 participants were enrolled: 140 (33%) participants per group. Adverse reactions were reported by 26 (19%) participants in the low dose group and 33 (24%) in the high dose group within 14 days after the booster vaccination, significantly less than the 54 (39%) participants in the CoronaVac group (p0·0001). The low dose group had a serum NAb GMT of 744·4 (95% CI 520·1-1065·6) and the high dose group had a GMT of 714·1 (479·4-1063·7) 14 days after booster dose, significantly higher than the GMT in the CoronaVac group (78·5 [60·5-101·7]; p0·0001).We found that a heterologous booster vaccine with an orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV is safe and highly immunogenic in adults who have previously received two doses of CoronaVac as the primary series vaccination.National Natural Science Foundation of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program.

The gut microbes interact with each other as well as host, influencing human health and some diseases. Many gut commensals and food originated bacteria produce bacteriocins which can inhibit pathogens and modulate gut microbiota. Bacteriocins have comparable narrow antimicrobial spectrum and are attractive potentials for precision therapy of gut disorders. In this review, the bacteriocins from food and gut microbiomes and their involvement in the interaction between producers and gut ecosystem, along with their characteristics, types, biosynthesis, and functions are described and discussed. Bacteriocins are produced by many intestinal commensals and food microbes among which lactic acid bacteria (many are probiotics) has been paid more attention. Bacteriocin production has been generally regarded as a probiotic trait. They give a competitive advantage to bacteria, enabling their colonization in human gut, and mediating the interaction between the producers and host ecosystem. They fight against unwanted bacteria and pathogens without significant impact on the composition of commensal microbiota. Bacteriocins assist the producers to survive and colonize in the gut microbial populations. There is a great need to evaluate and utilize the potential of bacteriocins for improved therapeutic implications for intestinal health.

A square matrix is said to have property n if there exists a positive integer w such that Aw is nonnegative. In this paper, we study the core-EP monotonicity for property-n matrices. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for a property-n matrix to be core-EP monotone are given. Moreover, a necessary and sufficient condition for a real square matrix to have a nonnegative core-EP inverse is also presented.

Objective: To reveal the regional division of the spatial structure of NASH fibrosis and the communication relationship between cells in different regions and to analyse specific marker genes as potential therapeutic targets for NASH fibrosis. Methods: The liver sections of healthy controls, NAFL patients and NASH patients were measured by spatial transcriptomics, and integration analysis was performed with single-cell RNA-seq. Differential expression, functional pathway prediction, and deconvolution analysis revealed lineage-specific changes in gene expression, subpopulation composition and intercellular communication in NASH and identified key genes involved in HSC activation. The role of key genes in NASH fibrosis was verified in vitro and in vivo. Result: Descending and clustering analysis of 4114 nuclei from liver tissues of healthy controls, NAFL, and NASH showed that the distribution of cluster5 (fibrotic region) is dominated by lobules, and a small amount of fibrosis can be seen in the sink area. Functional analysis suggested that differentially expressed genes of cluster5 were concentrated in ECM structural components and signalling molecules. Six cell types were obtained by integrating the single-cell sequencing dataset (GSE189175). Compared with the healthy control and NAFL groups, the NASH group had significantly increased proportions of HSCs and myofibroblasts, which were distributed in the lobule and the portal area around the fibrotic area. Simultaneously, the infiltration of Kupffer cells around the fibrotic area also increased. The cell communication analysis showed that diffusive cell communication was the main type, including endocrine, paracrine and autocrine communication, followed by ECM-receptor cell communication. According to the analysis of differentially expressed genes in the subsets, AEBP1 and DPT are relatively highly expressed in cluster5, as well as in HSCs and myofibroblasts. SCENIC analysis found that AEBP1+ and DPT+ myoblasts were involved in the activation of HSCs and fibrosis formation. Immunohistochemistry verified the high expression of AEBP1 and DPT in patients with NASH fibrosis. After transfection of AEBP1 and DPT interference fragments in LX2 cells in vitro, the mRNA level of Collagen Ⅰ in cells was significantly lower than that of the siRNA-NC group and blank control group. Conclusion: Our study is the first to reveal lineage-specific changes in gene expression, subpopulation composition and cell communication in NASH fibrosis, providing new directions for potential therapeutic targets for NASH fibrosis.

Background An orally aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) has recently been authorized for boosting immunization in China. Our study aims to assess the environmental impact of the use of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV. Methods We collected air samples from rooms, swabs from the setting desks of the vaccine nebuliser, mask samples from participants and blood samples of nurses who administered the inoculation in the clinical trials. The viral load of adenovirus type-5 vector in the samples and the antibody levels against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain in serum were detected. Results Only one (4.00%) air samples collected before the initiation of vaccination was positive, which were almost positive during and after the vaccination (97.96%, 100%, respectively). All nurses in the trial A showed at least four-fold increase of the neutralizing antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 after the initiation of the study. In trial B, the positive proportion of the mask samples was 72.97% at 30 minutes after vaccination, 8.11% at day 1, and 0% at days 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Conclusion The vaccination with the orally aerosolised Ad5-nCoV could have some spillage of the vaccine vector viral particles in the environment and cause human exposure.

Autophagy receptor NDP52 triggers bacterial autophagy against infection. However, the ability of NDP52 to protect against viral infection has not been established. We show that NDP52 binds to envelop proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and triggers a degradation process that promotes HBV clearance. Inactivating NDP52 in hepatocytes results in decreased targeting of viral envelops in the lysosome and increased levels of viral replication. NDP52 inhibits HBV at both viral entry and late replication stages. In contrast to NDP52-mediated bacterial autophagy, lysosomal degradation of HBV envelops is independent of galectin 8 and ATG5. NDP52 forms complex with Rab9 and viral envelop proteins and links HBV to Rab9-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway. These findings reveal that NDP52 acts as a sensor for HBV infection, which mediates a unique antiviral response to eliminate the virus. This work also suggests direct roles for autophagy receptors in other lysosomal degradation pathways than canonical autophagy.

Examining how host cells affect metabolic behaviors of probiotics is pivotal to better understand the mechanisms underlying the probiotic efficacy in vivo. However, studies to elucidate the interaction between probiotics and host cells, such as intestinal epithelial cells, remain limited. Therefore, in this study, we performed a comprehensive metabolome analysis of a co-culture containing Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)-derived small intestinal-like cells. In the co-culture, we observed a significant increase in several amino acid metabolites, including indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and phenyllactic acid (PLA). In accordance with the metabolic shift, the expression of genes involved in ILA synthesis, such as transaminase and tryptophan synthesis-related genes, was also elevated in B. breve MCC1274 cells. ILA production was enhanced in the presence of purines, which were possibly produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). These findings suggest a synergistic action of probiotics and IECs, which may represent a molecular basis of host-probiotic interaction in vivo.

Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.

The human vaginal microbiota plays essential roles in preventing pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses from invading. The dominant vaginal Lactobacillus species show great potential to be developed as probiotics.

The adhesion of intestinal bacteria to the mucus layer is an important colonization strategy in the gut environment. Generally, the bacterial adhesion process is a characteristic feature of the individual cell surface-associated adhesion factors secreted by a particular bacterium.

Glycogen is one of the major carbohydrates utilized by the human vaginal microbiota, which is commonly dominated by Lactobacillus, especially L. crispatus. An in silico analysis predicted that a type I pullulanase was involved in glycogen degradation in L. crispatus. The biochemical and genetic properties of the pullulanase still need to be determined. Here, we de novo identified the glycogen (Glg)-utilization enzyme (named GlgU) from L. crispatus through a biochemical assay. GlgU was optimally active at acidic pH, approximately 4.0 ~ 4.5, and was able to hydrolyze glycogen into low-molecular-weight malto-oligosaccharides. Actually, GlgU was a type II pullulanase (amylopullulanase) with just one catalytic domain that possessed substrate specificity toward both α-1,4 and α-1,6-glucosidic bonds. Phylogenetically, GlgU was obviously divergent from the known amylases and pullulanases (including amylopullulanases) in lactobacilli. In addition, we confirmed the catalytic activity of glgU in a nonglycogen-utilizing lactobacilli strain, demonstrating the essential role of glgU in glycogen metabolism. Overall, this study characterized a novel type of amylopullulanases, contributing to the knowledge of the glycogen utilization mechanism of the dominant species of human vaginal microbiota. KEY POINTS: • GlgU was a type II pullulanase, not a type I pullulanase predicted before. • GlgU was able to completely hydrolyze glycogen into malto-oligosaccharides. • GlgU played a key role in the metabolism of extracellular glycogen.

Background. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is an important cause of kidney disease, which seriously affects people’s health. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Shen-Shuai-Ling Formulation (SSLF) has obvious kidney function. However, the therapeutic effect of SSLF on RIF and its molecular mechanism are still unclear. Methods. First, the potential targets and pathways of SSLF for RIF were predicted by network pharmacology, and then, the binding of luteolin and target protein to SSLF was verified by molecular docking and Co-IP experiments. Finally, the effects of SSLF and luteolin on PLZF and (Pro) renin receptor (PRR) were verified by western blot and qPCR experiments. Angiotensin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were the indexes of renal interstitial fibrosis. Results. Through the drug-active component-target network diagram, we found that luteolin has the most connections, and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is the target protein. GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of targets were performed using Cytoscape ClueGO. Molecular docking experiments and Co-IP are used to prove that luteolin and PLZF can be combined. Western blot and qPCR results showed that both SSLF and luteolin significantly upregulated the expression of PLZF and decreased the levels of PRR, Ang-1, Ang-2, and TGF-β. The overexpression of PLZF decreased the expression of PRR, the knockdown of PLZF increased the expression of PRR, and the overexpression of PRR decreased the expression of Ang-1, Ang-2, and TGF-β. Conclusions. SSLF inhibits PRR and renal interstitial fibers by the upregulation of PLZF levels.

A new series of five zinc(ii) coordination polymers was assembled from unexplored ether-bridged tetracarboxylate linkers and fully characterized.

Cs2AgInCl6:Cr3+,Yb3+ double perovskite single crystals was prepared by hydrothermal method, which shows NIR emission from 800 to 1400 nm with a peak at 1000 nm and a full-width at half maximum of 188 nm with a higher PLQY of ∼45% excited at 365 nm.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 viroporin protein is essential for viral assembly and release, suggesting its unrealised potential as a target for HCV interventions. Several classes of small molecules that can inhibit p7 through allosteric mechanisms have shown low efficacy. Here, we used a high throughput virtual screen to design a panel of eight novel cyclic penta-peptides (CPs) that target the p7 channel with high binding affinity. Further examination of the effects of these CPs in viral production assays indicated that CP7 exhibits the highest potency against HCV among them. Moreover, the IC

A visible-light-promoted alkylation/cyclization of active alkenes via radical cascade cyclization for the preparation of functionalized isoquinolinones by using Hantzsch esters as alkylation radical precursors.

N-aryl benzimidazoline produced in situ was used as a H2 donor, which was converted to C–N axially chiral N-aryl benzimidazole by CPA-catalyzed enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of the in situ produced imine.

Early optical observations of gamma-ray bursts can significantly contribute to the study of the central engine and physical processes therein. However, of the thousands observed so far, still only a few have data at optical wavelengths in the first minutes after the onset of the prompt emission. Here we report on GRB\,190106A, whose afterglow was observed in optical bands just 36 s after the {\em Swift}/BAT trigger, i.e., during the prompt emission phase. The early optical afterglow exhibits a bimodal structure followed by a normal decay, with a faster decay after $\sim \rm T_{0}+$1 day. We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of GRB\,190106A. We derive the redshift via metal absorption lines from Xinglong 2.16-m/BFOSC spectroscopic observations. From the BFOSC spectrum, we measure $z= 1.861\pm0.002$. The double-peak optical light curve is a significant feature predicted by the reverse-forward external shock model. The shallow decay followed by a normal decay in both the X-ray and optical light curves is well explained with the standard forward-shock model with late-time energy injection. Therefore, GRB\,190106A offers a case study for GRBs emission from both reverse and forward shocks., 17 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-onc-10.1177_11795549221147993 for Predictive Value of Flank Pain and Gross Hematuria on Long-Term Survival in Patients With Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Treated by Radical Nephroureterectomy by Ke Ning Sun, Jian Hong Wu, Zhi Hao Chen, Yi Jun He, Yi Ling Chen, Jin Zhong Hu and Lu Sheng in Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology

Achieving efficient and robust multi-channel data learning is a challenging task in data science. By exploiting low-rankness in the transformed domain, i.e., transformed low-rankness, tensor Singular Value Decomposition (t-SVD) has achieved extensive success in multi-channel data representation and has recently been extended to function representation such as Neural Networks with t-product layers (t-NNs). However, it still remains unclear how t-SVD theoretically affects the learning behavior of t-NNs. This paper is the first to answer this question by deriving the upper bounds of the generalization error of both standard and adversarially trained t-NNs. It reveals that the t-NNs compressed by exact transformed low-rank parameterization can achieve a sharper adversarial generalization bound. In practice, although t-NNs rarely have exactly transformed low-rank weights, our analysis further shows that by adversarial training with gradient flow (GF), the over-parameterized t-NNs with ReLU activations are trained with implicit regularization towards transformed low-rank parameterization under certain conditions. We also establish adversarial generalization bounds for t-NNs with approximately transformed low-rank weights. Our analysis indicates that the transformed low-rank parameterization can promisingly enhance robust generalization for t-NNs., Comment: 55 pages, submitted for peer review

The classification and detection of traffic status plays a vital role in the urban smart transportation system. The classification and mastery of the traffic status at different time periods and sections will help the traffic management department to optimize road management and implement rescue in real time. Travelers can follow the traffic conditions. We choose the best route to effectively improve travel efficiency and safety. However, due to factors such as weather, time of day, lighting, and sample labeling costs, the existing classification methods are insufficient in real time and detection accuracy to meet application requirements. In order to solve this problem, this article aims to effectively transfer and apply the pretrained model learned on large-scale image data sets to small-sample road traffic data sets. By sharing common visual features, model weight parameter migration, and fine-tuning, the road is finally optimized. Traffic conditions classification is based on Traffic-Net. Experiments show that the method in this article can not only obtain a prediction accuracy of more than 96% but also can effectively reduce the model training time and meet the needs of practical applications.

High-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide a powerful tool to probe the early universe, but still for relatively few do we have good observations of the afterglow. We here report the optical and near-infrared observations of the afterglow of a relatively high-redshift event, GRB\,220101A, triggered on New Year's Day of 2022. With the optical spectra obtained at XL2.16/BFOSC and NOT/ALFOSC, we determine the redshift of the burst at $z= 4.615$. Based on our optical and near-infrared data, combined with the X-ray data, we perform multiband fit with the python package \emph{afterglowpy}. A jet-break at $\sim$ 0.7 day post-burst is found to constrain the opening angle of the jet as $\sim$ 3.4 degree. We also determine circumburst density of $n_0 = 0.15\ {\rm cm}^{-3}$ as well as kinetic energy $E_{\rm K, iso} = 3.52\times 10^{54}$ erg. The optical afterglow is among the most luminous ever detected. We also find a ``mirror'' feature in the lightcurve during the prompt phase of the burst from 80 s to 120 s. The physical origin of such mirror feature is unclear., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ

A novel magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanosphere was prepared by hydrothermal treatment and used for catalyzing the hydrocracking of an extraction residue from Zhunnan lignite (ZL) to produce a...

With our proposedseismic ambient noise data classification scheme, the surface waves and body waves dominated noise slices are well classified respectively. The numerical modelling data and the field data are uploaded to validate the effectiveness of the scheme.

Purpose Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain, which not only affects patients’ life quality, but also places a great burden on the public health system. Recently, ginsenoside Rg1 has been found to act in IDD; however, the mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the function of ginsenoside Rg1 and its molecular mechanism in IDD. Methods The rat model of IDD and nucleus pulposus (NP) experimental groups treated with ginsenoside Rg1 was constructed for investing the role of ginsenoside Rg1 in IDD rats. In the in vitro and in vivo study, the histological morphological changes, motor threshold (MT), inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis and expression of the YAP1/TAZ signaling pathway-related proteins of the intervertebral discs (IVD) were measured by histological staining, mechanical and thermal stimulation, ELISA, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and western blot, respectively. Results Ginsenoside Rg1 significantly increased the threshold for mechanical and thermal stimulation and alleviated histological changes in IDD rats. Ginsenoside Rg1 had a significant inhibitory effect on the secretion level of inflammatory factors, redox activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in IVD tissue and NP cells, and apoptosis in NP cells. Further investigation revealed that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly inhibited the expression of YAP1/TAZ signaling pathway-related proteins. Additionally, the above inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on IDD progression was concentration-dependent, that is, the highest concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 was most effective. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits IDD progression by suppressing the activation of YAP1/TAZ signaling pathway. This means that ginsenoside Rg1 has the potential to treat IDD.