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Bleached bamboo pulp, as a kind of natural cellulose, has received significant attention in the field of biomass materials due to its advantages of environmental protection and the abundance of raw materials. Low-temperature alkali/urea aqueous system is a green dissolution technology for cellulose, which has promising application prospects in the field of regenerated cellulose materials. However, bleached bamboo pulp, with high viscosity average molecular weight (Mη) and high crystallinity, is difficult to dissolve in an alkaline urea solvent system, restraining its practical application in the textile field. Herein, based on commercial bleached bamboo pulp with high Mη, a series of dissolvable bamboo pulps with suitable Mη was prepared using a method of adjusting the ratio of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide in the pulping process. Due to the hydroxyl radicals being able to react with hydroxyls of cellulose, molecular chains are cut down. Moreover, several regenerated cellulose hydrogels and films were fabricated in an ethanol coagulation bath or a citric acid coagulation bath, and the relationship between the properties of the regenerated materials and the Mη of the bamboo cellulose was systematically studied. The results showed that hydrogel/film had good mechanical properties, as the Mη is 8.3 × 104 and the tensile strength of a regenerated film and the film have values up to 101 MPa and 3.19 MPa, respectively. In this contribution, a simple method of a one-step oxidation of hydroxyl radicals to prepare bamboo cellulose with diversified Mη is presented, providing an avenue for a preparation of dissolving pulp with different Mη in an alkali/urea dissolution system and expanding the practical applications of bamboo pulp in biomass-based materials, textiles, and biomedical materials.

Water is an indispensable strategic resource for biological and social development. The problem of oily wastewater pollution originating from oil spillages, industrial discharge and domestic oil pollution has become an extremely serious international challenge. At present, numerous superwetting materials have been applied to effectively separate oil and water. However, most of these materials are difficult to scale and their large–scale application is limited by cost and environmental protection. Herein, a simple, environmentally friendly strategy including sol–gel, freeze–drying and surface hydrophobic modification is presented to fabricate a bamboo cellulose foam with special wetting characteristics. The bamboo cellulose foam is superhydrophobic, with a water contact angle of 160°, and it has the superoleophilic property of instantaneous oil absorption. Owing to the synergistic effect of the three–dimensional network structure of the superhydrophobic bamboo cellulose foam and its hydrophobic composition, it has an excellent oil–absorption performance of 11.5 g/g~37.5 g/g for various types of oil, as well as good recyclability, with an oil (1,2–dichloroethane) absorption capacity of up to 31.5 g/g after 10 cycles. In addition, the prepared cellulose–based foam exhibits an outstanding performance in terms of acid and alkali corrosion resistance. Importantly, owing to bamboo cellulose being a biodegradable, low–cost, natural polymer material that can be easily modified, superhydrophobic/superoleophilic bamboo cellulose foam has great application potential in the field of oily wastewater treatment.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma accounts for a large proportion of cancer-associated mortalities in both men and women. Melittin is the major active component of bee venom, which has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to construct a tumor targeted recombinant plasmid [pc-telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-melittin] containing a human TERT promoter followed by a melittin coding sequence and to explore the effects of this plasmid in esophageal cell carcinoma and investigate preliminarily the underlying mechanisms of this effect. TE1 cells were transfected with pcTERT-melittin and the resulting apoptosis was subsequently examined. The viability of TE1 cells transfected with pcTERT-melittin was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, which indicated inhibited proliferation. The disruption of mitochondrial membranes and the concomitant production of reactive oxygen species demonstrated an inducible apoptotic effect of melittin in TE1 cells. Apoptotic cells were also counted using an Annexin V-FITC and PI double-staining assay. The upregulation of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in pcTERT-melittin transfected TE1 cells, suggested that pcTERT-melittin-induced apoptosis was associated with the mitochondrial pathway. TE1 cells were also arrested in the G0/G1 phase when transfected with pcTERT-melittin, followed by the decline of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 expression levels. As cell invasion and metastasis are common in patients with esophageal cancer, a cell migration assay was conducted and it was found that pcTERT-melittin transfection reduced the migratory and invasive abilities of TE1 cells. The findings of the present study demonstrated that pcTERT-melittin may induce apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells and inhibit tumor metastasis.

Objective: The aim of this research was to explore the hypothesis that acupuncture at the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), a new a new method of acupuncture, would be more efficacious and safe than traditional acupuncture in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR). Materials and Methods: For this study, 120 patients with PAR were randomly assigned to SPG acupuncture, traditional acupuncture (Yingxiang [LI 20], Hegu [LI 4], and Yintang [Ex-HN 3]), or drug treatment (budesonide nasal spray). Efficacy was assessed by using single symptoms, including sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and nasal itch, a total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), and a Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) before treatment, the day treatment ended, and 4-, 8-, 12-weeks later, respectively. Results: Four weeks after treatment ended, the effectiveness rate in the SPG-acupuncture group was superior to that of the traditional-acupuncture group (P = 0.033) but was still lower than that of the drug-treatment group (P = 0.039), with mean effectiveness rates of 69.70%, 44.44%, and 71.43%, respectively. However, these rates gradually decreased in each group during weeks 8 through 16. Moreover, statistically significant improvements in TNSS', and reductions in nasal congestion and sneezing symptoms were observed in the SPG-acupuncture group, compared with those in the traditional-acupuncture group as early as the day treatment ended and this continued throughout the observation period (P

In industrial production, calcium ions in water can cause scaling on the surface of heat exchanger in circulating cooling water system, resulting in problems such as reduced heat transfer efficiency, increased energy consumption and shortened service life of equipment. The surface of DSA electrode is coated with oxide coating, and its conductivity and catalytic performance are greatly improved compared with traditional electrode. The effects of current density, inter-electrode distance and electrolysis time on the hardness of circulating cooling water degraded by DSA electrodes were discussed. In the experiment, when the current density increases from 50A/m2 to 250A/m2, the removal rate of calcium ions increases continuously, with the highest removal rate of 53.7%. When the distance between anode and cathode plates increases from 2cm to 10cm, the removal rate of calcium ions decreases from 72.60% to 32.80%. When the raw water is electrolyzed for 10 minutes, the removal rate rises to 58.6%. As time goes on, the removal rate will not change. The experimental results provide valuable practical basis for the removal of calcium ions in circulating cooling water, and provide powerful data support for the optimal operation of the process.

In order to evaluate the effect of the joint air pollution prevention and control program on the toxicity of the airborne particles in Beijing during the APEC conference, we collected the PM

To observe the effects of acupuncture at "Shenmen" (HT 7) on brainwaves and cognitive ability in rats with sleep deprivation.SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, acupuncture group and sham acupuncture group, 15 rats in each group. Insomnia model rats were established by sleep deprivation for 72 hours. Acupuncture was applied to acupuncture group at bilateral "Shenmen" (HT 7) for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. Rats in the sham acupuncture group received superficial insertion of 1 mm and without retaining needle. The learning and memory abilities of rats were eva-luated by Hexagonal maze. The BL-420 F physiological recorder was used to record EEG for 30 min on the 1After sleep deprivation, the frequency of searching the exits of Hexagonal maze in the model group was obviously increased, the searching time was shortened, the number of searching errors was increased obviously, and the cognitive rate was decreased (Acupuncture at HT 7 can effectively improve the cognitive abilities and brainwaves in sleep deprived rats.

Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating the intracellular antioxidant response and is an emerging target for the prevention and therapy of oxidative stress-related diseases. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is commonly used for the therapy of cardiac cerebral diseases. Cumulative evidences indicated that the extract of SMRR and its constituents, represented by lipophilic diterpenoid quinones and hydrophilic phenolic acids, were capable of activating Nrf2 and inhibiting oxidative stress. These bioactive constituents demonstrated a therapeutic potential against human diseases, exemplified by cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, nephropathy, and inflammation, based on the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response and the inhibition of oxidative stress. In the present review, we introduced the SMRR and Nrf2 signaling pathway, summarized the constituents with an Nrf2-inducing effect isolated from SMRR, and discussed the molecular mechanism and pharmacological functions of the SMRR extract and its constituents.

To study the effect of B lymphocyte-induced mature protein-1(Blimp1) expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells on the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma.Forty-eight patients with multiple myeloma from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected. The expression of Blimp1 in the bone marrow of all the patients was measured. According to the median score of Blimp1 expression level, the patients was divided into low expression group (L group, 22 cases) and high expression group (H group, 26 cases). The related influencing factors of different Blimp1 expression levels, the clinical efficacy, immunophenotypic changes and progression-free survival(PFS) were compared between different Blimp1 expression groups.There were no significant differences in sex, age, type, stage and treatment stage between the 2 groups (P0.05). The total remission rate of the low expression group was significantly higher than that in the high expression group (P0.05). However before treatment, there was no significant difference in the positive rate of CD19, CD38, CD56, CD138 and minimal lesion between the 2 groups (P0.05); after treatment the positive expression rates of CD38, CD56, CD138 and minimal lesion in the low expression group were significantly lower than those in the high expression group. While the positive expression rate of CD19 was significantly higher than that in high expression group (P0.05). The PFS of 1, 2 and 3 years in the low expression group was significantly higher than that in the high expression group (P0.05).The MM patients with the high in staging and the larger in diffeculty of treatment possess high Blimp1 expression, however, the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of MM patients with low Blimp1 expression are significantly better than those of MM patients with high Blimp1 expression.

Rubbers have been well accepted for modifying brittle epoxies but rubber modified epoxies usually posses lowered tensile strength though enhanced ductility and fracture resistance. In this work, a polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) is used to modify diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride system for enhancing cryogenic tensile strength, ductility and impact resistance. The results display that the cryogenic tensile strength, ductility (failure strain) and fracture resistance (impact strength) are all enhanced for the modified epoxy system at proper PEG contents. The maximum tensile strength (127.8 MPa) at the cryogenic temperature (77 K) with an improvement of 30.1% is observed for the modified system with the 15 wt% PEG content. The ductility and impact resistance at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature are all improved for the modified epoxy system with proper PEG-4000 contents. These observations are explained by the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy results and scanning electron microscopy results. Moreover, the glass transition temperature decreases slightly with increasing PEG content.

Interlaminar shear properties of fibre reinforced polymer composites are important in many structural applications. Matrix modification is an effective way to improve the composite interlaminar shear properties. In this paper, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F/diethyl toluene diamine system is used as the starting epoxy matrix. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reactive aliphatic diluent named n -butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) are employed to modify the epoxy matrix. Unmodified and modified epoxy resins are used for fabricating glass fibre reinforced composites by a hot-press process. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the glass fibre reinforced composites is investigated and the results indicate that introduction of MWCNT and BGE obviously enhances the ILSS. In particular, the simultaneous addition of 0.5 wt.% MWCNTs and 10 phr BGE leads to the 25.4% increase in the ILSS for the glass fibre reinforced composite. The fracture surfaces of the fibre reinforced composites are examined by scanning electron microscopy and the micrographs are employed to explain the ILSS results.

Cryogenic mechanical properties are important parameters for epoxy resins used in cryogenic engineering areas. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were employed to reinforce diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGBEF)/diethyl toluene diamine (DETD) epoxy system modified by poly(ethersulfone) (PES) for enhancing the cryogenic mechanical properties. The epoxy system was properly modified by PES in our previous work and the optimized formulation of the epoxy system was reinforced by MWCNTs in the present work. The results show that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus at 77 K were enhanced by 57.9% and 10.1%, respectively. The reported decrease in the previous work of the Young’s modulus of the modified epoxy system due to the introduction of flexible PES is offset by the increase of the modulus due to the introduction of MWCNTs. Meanwhile, the fracture toughness ( K IC ) at 77 K was improved by about 13.5% compared to that of the PES modified epoxy matrix when the 0.5 wt.% MWCNT content was introduced. These interesting results imply that the simultaneous usage of PES and MWCNTs in a brittle epoxy resin is a promising approach for efficiently modifying and reinforcing epoxy resins for cryogenic engineering applications.

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/epoxy composites with a high nanotube loading up to ∼39.1 wt% are fabricated by combining the mixed-curing-agent assisted layer-by-layer method and the hot press process. This combined method is an efficient and effective approach for making composite sheets in practical applications since the hot press process makes it possible and easy to readily prepare thick and large composites. The tensile and dynamic properties are greatly improved by the incorporation of SWCNTs. At ∼39.1 wt% SWCNTs, compared with those of the neat epoxy, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus are increased by 183% and 408%, respectively. The storage modulus is also significantly increased by 406% at room temperature due to this high loading of SWCNTs. Moreover, the loss factor in the temperature range −100–200 °C shows dramatic improvements by the introduction of high loading SWCNTs. Finally, analytical modeling is proposed to predict the strength and modulus of the CNT/epoxy composites by considering the effects of the tubular and wavy morphology of the CNTs. Both composite strength and composite modulus are found to decrease substantially with increasing waviness ratio. The predicted results show reasonable agreement with experimental data.

Related theories about business intelligence and supply chain management (SCM) are introduced firstly, then the critical technologies about business intelligence-based supply chain management (BISCM) are discussed, and at the same time, the integrated framework of BISCM is proposed. It is believed that the integration of SCM with BI can resolve the problem of “rich data but poor information”, and enhance the competitive advantage for enterprises involved in the SCM so as to beat all other competitors in the fierce competition.

A hydroxyl-functionalized hyperbranched polymer (HBP, H30) is used to modify 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone-cured bisphenol-A type epoxy resin and a separate phase structure of modified epoxy resins is observed. The effects of the H30 second phase size on the mechanical properties of modified epoxy systems are investigated systematically. The dependence of the toughening mechanisms on the HBP particle size is reported for the first time. It is shown that the nanosized H30 second phase is superior over microsized counterparts in modifying brittle epoxy resin. The tensile strength is slightly enhanced by the introduction of nanosized H30 second phase, whereas the strength is significantly reduced by the addition of microsized H30 phase. The failure strain and impact strength are obviously enhanced by the introduction of nanosized H30 second phase at low contents, whereas these properties are reduced by the addition of microsized H30 second phase at high contents. Finally, differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analyses are conducted to examine the effects of the HBP content on the glass transition temperature and the thermal stability, respectively. The glass transition temperature is slightly reduced while the thermal stability is not obviously influenced by the introduction of H30 second phase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

A mixed-curing-agent assisted layer-by-layer method is reported to synthesize carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy composite films with a high CNT loading from ∼15 to ∼36 wt.%. The mixed-curing-agent consists of two types of agents, one of which is responsible for the partial initial curing at room temperature to avoid agglomeration of the CNTs, and the other for complete curing of epoxy resin at high temperature to synthesize epoxy composite films with good CNT dispersion. The electrical conductivity of the composites shows a value up to ∼12 S/m, which is much higher than that for CNT/epoxy composites with a low CNT loading prepared using conventional methods.

In this paper, preparation and optical properties of novel transparent Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO)/epoxy nanocomposites were reported. First, AZO precursor was synthesized via the homogeneous precipitation method and AZO nanoparticles were obtained by calcination of the precursor at different temperatures. Transparent AZO/epoxy nanocomposites were subsequently prepared from the transparent diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin and the as-prepared AZO nanoparticles via a simple direct dispersion method. Optical properties, namely visible-light transmittance, ultraviolet, and infrared opaqueness, of the AZO/epoxy nanocomposites were studied as a function of the AZO content by using an ultraviolet−visible spectrophotometer and an ultraviolet−visible−nearinfrared spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the nanocomposite with a thickness of about 3.5 mm containing a low AZO content of 0.08 wt % showed an excellent UV-shielding efficiency greater than 85% at ∼360 nm together with a good visible transm...

Epoxy resins are increasingly used in cryogenic engineering areas due to rapid developments of spacecraft and superconducting cable technologies as well as large cryogenic engineering projects (e.g., International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). Cryogenic mechanical properties are important parameters for epoxy resins to be employed in such areas. In this paper, a traditional reactive aliphatic diluent, namely n -butyl glycidyl ether (BGE, JX-013) with a low viscosity, was used to modify diethyl toluene diamine (DETD)-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F (DGEBF) epoxy system for enhancing cryogenic mechanical properties at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). The results showed that the cryogenic strength, ductility and impact resistance (impact strength) have been simultaneously enhanced by the addition of BGE with appropriate contents. Moreover, the comparison of the mechanical properties between 77 K and room temperature (RT) indicated that at the same composition, the tensile strength and Young's modulus at 77 K were higher than those at RT but the failure strain and impact resistance showed the opposite results. Finally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) exhibited that the glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of the epoxy resins decreased with increasing the BGE content.

Improvements in mechanical properties at low temperatures are desirable for epoxy resins such as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) that are often used in cryogenic engineering applications. In this study, a hydroxyl functionalized hyperbranched polymer (H30) is employed to improve the mechanical properties of a DGEBA epoxy resin at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). The results show that the tensile strength, failure strain (ductility) and impact strength at 77 K are simultaneously improved by adding a proper content of H30. The maximum tensile strength at 77 K is increased by 17.7% from 98.2 MPa of pure epoxy resin to 115.6 MPa of modified epoxy system for the 10 wt% H30 content. The failure strain at 77 K increases consistently with the increase of H30 content. The maximum impact strength at 77 K is attained by introduction of 10 wt% H30 with an improvement of 26.3% over that of pure epoxy resin. For the purpose of comparison, the mechanical properties of modified epoxy resins at room temperature (RT) are also investigated. It is interesting to note that the impact strength is not lower at 77 K than that at RT for the modified systems. Moreover, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is not reduced by the addition of H30 in appropriate amounts.

Montmorillonite/epoxy (MMT/epoxy) nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating the organo-MMT slurry modified by acidified 2,4,6-tris-(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) into the mixture of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and PU modified bisphenol-A using methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as the curing agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the nanocomposites at the 1 wt% MMT content exhibited no observable peaks in the range of 2–10° (2θ), indicating that most of the organo-MMT particles in the nanocomposites were exfoliated. The dispersion and exfoliation of organo-MMT in the nanocomposites were also observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical behaviors of MMT/epoxy nanocomposites at both room temperature (RT) and liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) were investigated in terms of tensile and impact properties. The strength and modulus of the nanocomposites were significantly higher at 77 K than at RT and these observations were explained in terms of the interfacial adhesion and constituent properties at 77 K and RT. The fracture surfaces of neat epoxy and MMT/epoxy nanocomposites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the dependence of the glass transition temperature on the organo-MMT content was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is one of the most widely used epoxy resins for many industrial applications, including cryogenic engineering. In this paper, diethyl toluene diamine (DETD) cured DGEBA epoxy resin has been modified by two flexible diamines (D-230 and D-400). The cryogenic mechanical behaviors of the modified epoxy resins are studied in terms of the tensile properties and Charpy impact strength at cryogenic temperature (77 K) and compared to their corresponding properties at room temperature (RT). The results show that the addition of flexible diamines generally improves the elongation at break and impact strength at both RT and 77 K. The exception is the impact strength at 77 K filled with 21 wt% and 49 wt% D-400. Further, two interesting observations are made: (a) the cryogenic tensile strength increases with increasing the flexible diamine content; and (b) the RT tensile strength can only be improved by adding a proper content of flexible diamines. It is concluded that the addition of a selected amount namely 21–78 wt% of D-230 can simultaneously strengthen and toughen DGEBA epoxy resins at both RT and 77 K. However, only the addition of 21 wt% D-400 can simultaneously enhance the strength and ductility/impact strength of DGEBA epoxy resins at RT. The impact fracture surfaces are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explain the impact strength results. Finally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis shows that the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases with increasing the flexible diamine content. The presence of a single Tg reveals that the flexible diamine-modified epoxy resins have a homogeneous phase structure.

A thermoplastic, poly(ethersulfone) (PES) was used to modify a bisphenol-F based epoxy resin cured with an aromatic diamine. The initial mixtures before curing, prepared by melt mixing, were homogeneous. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of solvent-etched fracture surfaces of the cured blends indicated that phase separation occurred after curing. The cryogenic mechanical behaviors of the epoxy resins were studied in terms of tensile properties and Charpy impact strength at cryogenic temperature (77 K) and compared to their corresponding behaviors at room temperature (RT). The addition of PES generally improved the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength at both RT and 77 K except the RT tensile strength at 25 phr PES content. It was interesting to observe that and the maximum values of the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength occurred at 20 phr PES content where a co-continuous phase formed. Young's modulus decreased slightly with the increase of the PES content. Moreover, the tensile strength and Young's modulus at 77 K were higher than those at RT at the same composition, whereas the elongation at break and impact strength showed the opposite results. Finally, the differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) was enhanced by the addition of PES.

How a crack initiates from the smooth surface of single crystals subjected to uniaxial cyclic loading is unclear. Experiments were conducted to observe in detail the dislocation microstructures during the saturation stage of cyclic deformation in a copper single crystal using scanning electron microscopy and the electron channeling contrast (SEM–ECC) technique. Some dark zones were found in the dislocation microstructures, which were located either at the edge region of the specimen or within the persistent slip bands (PSBs) at the matrix/PSB interfaces. Hence, fatigue cracks will initiate at these sites with high stress concentrations, i.e., the dark zones. Also, dislocation dynamics (DD) simulation was adopted to calculate internal stress distributions induced by dislocations, and finite element analysis (FEA) used to obtain stress distribution at the matrix/PSB interfaces and neighboring micro-regions caused by an externally applied load. Simulation results show that the external shear stresses distribute uniformly in all specimens; while near the free-surface regions, the maximum value of internal stresses not only occurs at interfaces between PSBs and dislocation matrix, but also at locations where these interfaces cross the freesurface. Consequently, the interfaces are most probable sites for nucleated cracks. Finally, the simulation results agree well with experimental observations.

The interactive relationship of human capital and industrial structure upgrading with correlation data of Liaoning province from 1998 to 2010 is analyzed based on manpower capital investment theory and econometric method. The result shows that there is a stable co-integration relationship between human capital and industrial structure upgrading of Liaoning province. Suggestions about the human capital investment policies are put forward.

The paper set up the inter-evolving SD model of in-cluster competition and tech-innovation and imitate the dynamic change of cluster innovation under different competitive levels. The result shows that appropriate degree of competition will improve the efficiency of cluster performance, however, over or under competition would lead to a low efficiency. In the end, the paper analyze the rationality of the SD model through the the empirical analysis

Dehydrins (DHNs), proteins with protective functions encoded by the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA), are differentially up-regulated at the transcriptional level under environmental stresses such as water deficit, salinity, and low temperature or in response to ABA. Data involving protein structure and expression of dehydrins could elucidate their functional roles under dehydration conditions in plants. Dhn6 gene of 1767 bp with an intron (92 bp) in six-rowed barley, a member of LEA D11, was cloned into pMD18-T vector in the present study. It shared 93.18% identity with Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare (GenBank accession: AF043091), encoding a protein composed of 523 amino acid residues with the predicted molecular weight of 49.68 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point of 8.04. Analyses of domain and structure indicated that the protein was dominantly composed of 83% hydrophillic amino acid residues, with numerous imperative curls and three loosed helixes. Three-dimensional measurement revealed that the water-soluble lipid-associating protein was attributed to its twisted cable formed by reverse paralleled chains. Moreover, the putative amphipathic α-helices formed by K-segments might play roles in protecting membrane structure in barley. Significantly, relatively high accumulations of Dhn6 gene were detected after 8 h of water deficit by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. These results possibly suggested that the accumulation of Dhn6 gene could be critical for resistant dehydration in plants.

The incentive implemented by e-commerce platform to improve product quality of online seller under asymmetric information is discussed. The product quality improvement of online seller will cause the quality costs, and the product quality supervision by the e-commerce platform will cause the supervision costs. As rational persons, online seller and Internet presence provider maximize their own interests, which leads to the product quality of e-commerce is not very good. Linking the advertising costs of online seller on trading platform with the quality of product provided by online sellers, this paper proves that establishing the contracts that advertising price discount positively correlated with qualified product rate can encourage online sellers to improve the product quality, and also proves that the contract is a win-win for both online sellers and e-commerce platform.

The influence path of relationship marketing on the transaction trust in e-commerce is discussed in this paper, with the net-shop reputation used as intermediate variable. Empirical analysis reveals that the communication and relationship investment in relationship marketing affect the net-shop reputation significantly, and net-shop reputation affects the network trust. Furthermore, the direct influence of communication and relationship investment on trust is less than the indirect influence of reputation on trust.

The mathematical model of multi-enterprise allied open vehicle routing problem(MEAOVRP) is proposed in this paper, and then the coding and genetic operator based on a two-dimensional structure are put forward. At last, the genetic algorithm is verified to effectively optimize the MEAOVRP with an example.

Multi-Core processors could solve the past single core processor design challenges - alleviating the byproducts of heat and power consumption. This paper aiming the traditional Multi-Core's predictor alias problem which decrease the predictor's accuracy, and introduced a new kind of predictor architecture that adopt a shared SPHT and SBHSR which were based on GAs dynamic two-level branch predictor. This new kind of architecture not only reduce the total SPHT design size, improve the predict accuracy, but also reduce the power consumption.

Aiming at those problem that it was difficult to improve the processor performance only by improving the single core frequency, as well as superscalar pipeline stall when process a branch instruction, the architecture of heterogeneous multi-core processor which used B-Cache structure and C-Core processor controller was introduced in this paper. The new architecture avoided the pipeline flushed due to branch miss-predict, and improve overall efficiency of Multi-Core processor.

Quality supervision decision problem in Internet transaction is studied under different information backgrounds. Quality decision models are set up with regards to quality intermediary as principal and online seller as agent. Focus that is on the study of decision problem has been turned into optimal control problem under asymmetric information. Maximum principle is used to get the solution to quality supervision of quality intermediary, and the results under different information backgrounds are analyzed and compared.

To systematically review the efficacy and safety of beclomethasone nasal spray in the treatment of chronic adenoid hypertrophy in children.We computerized searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (issue1, 009), MEDLINE (1950 to August 2008), EMbase (1984 to August 2008), CNKI (1994 to September 2008), and VIP (1989 to August 2008), WANFANG DATA, Annual Review-s and Elsevier Science. Also the reference lists of all papers were identified for further trials. All searches were initially performed in May 2007 and updated in April 2009.Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCTs were identified and analyzed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Three RCT were included. Meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity and the data were summarized in a narrative format. The trials showed that higher doses of beclomethasone (336 microg/d, 400 microg/d) might improve the nasal obstruction symptoms and reduce adenoid size in children with adenoid hypertrophy.Higher and subsequently half doses of beclomethasone (336 microg/d, 400 microg/d) can improve the nasal obstruction symptoms in children with adenoid hypertrophy.The improvement appears to be associated with a reduction of adenoid size. Because of a lack of the RCT, further studies are required to support the use of beclomethasone as a first-line approach for these children.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are encoded by six genes, and they display varying affinities for acyl-CoA esters. Recombinant ACBP4 and ACBP5 have been shown to bind oleoyl-CoA esters in vitro. In this study, the subcellular localizations of ACBP4 and ACBP5 were determined by biochemical fractionation followed by western blot analyses using anti-ACBP4 and anti-ACBP5 antibodies and immuno-electron microscopy. Confocal microscopy of autofluorescence-tagged ACBP4 and ACBP5, expressed transiently in onion epidermal cells and in transgenic Arabidopsis, confirmed their expression in the cytosol. Taken together, ACBP4 and ACBP5 are available in the cytosol to bind and transfer cytosolic oleoyl-CoA esters. Lipid profile analysis further revealed that an acbp4 knockout mutant showed decreases in membrane lipids (digalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol) while acbp4-complemented lines attained levels similar to wild type, suggesting that ACBP4 plays a role in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids including galactolipids and phospholipids.

Successful synthesis of monodisperse nickel particles with narrow particle size distributions is reported for the first time via a simple solvothermal method with ultrasonic treatment using no surfactants. The Ni products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The as-synthesized monodisperse Ni particles show a spherical morphology with the mean particle size of 46.2, 60.1 and 113.7 nm for the reaction time of 0.5, 1 and 3 h, respectively at a low temperature of 100 degrees C. The catalytic effect is investigated for the Ni particles on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) using differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. For the purpose of comparison, as-prepared and commercial non-monodisperse Ni particles are used for examining the catalytic effect. The monodisperse Ni particles show a superior catalytic effect over the non-monodisperse Ni counterparts with a similar mean particle size. The surface areas of Ni particles are measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique. A theoretical consideration is also presented for analysis of the surface areas of monodisperse and non-monodisperse particles. Both the BET and theoretical results show that the surface area of monodisperse particles is higher than that of non-monodisperse counterparts. Consequently, the catalytic effect of Ni particles on thermal decomposition of AP is explained in terms of the surface areas.

A new imaging technique, ‘flaw plane identification’, has been developed for the reconstruction of boundaries of void-like flaws in thin-walled structures and in structures containing several flaws of unknown shapes. The technique is an extension of ALOK imaging and is implemented in four steps: signal peak detection, flaw plane establishment, locus density function calculation and flaw identification. A practical example is given in which the new technique is seen to perform satisfactorily.