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In the post-epidemic era, more and more enterprises have realized the crucial significance of corporate social responsibility for enterprise development. However, there is no consensus on the relationship between CSR and financial performance (FP). We collected data on listed companies in China from 2014 to 2020 in order to demonstrate whether CSR is positively or negatively correlated with financial performance and studied this relationship for the first time using media attention as a moderating variable. Through a regression analysis, we found that (1) companies with good CSR performance show a high level of FP; (2) the higher the media’s attention on the company, the better the CSR performance; and (3) based on the nature of the emotion, we divided media attention into positive and negative reports. Positive reports weaken the positive impact of CSR on financial performance, while negative reports reinforce this positive effect. These empirical findings remain robust after controlling for endogeneity and employing alternative variable measures. The results in this paper complement recent nexus modeling work and give a better understanding of the interaction mechanism in the CSR-FP nexus with useful implications for future enterprises’ sustainable development.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays a pivotal role in visibility and radiative forcing, both of which are intrinsically linked to the refractive index (RI). While previous studies have focused on the RI of SOA from traditional formation processes, the effect of multiphase reactions on the RI has not been considered. Here, we investigate the effects of multiphase processes on the RI and light-extinction of m-xylene-derived SOA, a common type of anthropogenic SOA. We find that multiphase reactions in the presence of liquid water lead to the formation of oligomers from intermediate products such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal, resulting in a large enhancement in the RI and light-scattering of this SOA. These reactions will result in increases in light-scattering efficiency and direct radiative forcing of approximately 20%-90%. These findings improve our understanding of SOA optical properties and have significant implications for evaluating the impacts of SOA on the rapid formation of regional haze, global radiative balance, and climate change.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) functionalized fullerene nanoparticles as independent electron transport layers (ETLs) for inverted polymer solar cells exhibited high electronic conductivity and low work function. Compared with ZnO, the power conversion efficiency of the devices based on PTB7-Th:PC71BM was increased from 9.1% to 10.06% with C60–EDA ETLs and to 9.49% with Gd@C82–EDA, mainly due to the greatly improved short current density.

Metal and alloy heat storage materials are popular in energy storage fields due to their excellent thermal conductivity and high latent heat value. In this research, by changing the ratio to optimize Mg–Ni–Zn alloys, we study the microstructure and thermal properties of alloys with different composition ratios, and the relationship between alloy composition and properties was deeply analyzed. Besides, we also study the thermal analysis kinetics of the alloys. The results show that the Mg–Ni–Zn heat storage alloy mainly contains α-Mg, Mg2Ni, Mg7Zn3, MgZn2 and its eutectic structure. The increase of Zn content is beneficial to the increase of phase transition temperature and phase transition latent heat value, among which the maximum latent heat value of Mg–13%Ni–37%Zn alloy can reach 165 J g−1. In this research, a new type of ternary alloy heat storage material Mg–16%Ni–24%Zn alloy is proposed, and the activation energy of Mg–16%Ni–24%Zn alloy is 1014.99 kJ mol−1 by Coats-Redfern integral equation and extrapolation method. The mechanism function is the Mampel Power rule, and the integral form is G ( α ) = α 3 2 , which is a reference for subsequent researchers.

The formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) contains partitioning processes of the oxidation products between the gas and particle phases, which could change the particle-phase composition when particles grow. However, the effects of these processes on the optical properties of SOA remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed smog chamber experiments to investigate the effects of gas-particle partitioning (GPP) on the refractive index (RI) and chemical composition of the m-xylene SOA. Here, we show that the GPP processes, as organic mass increases, can increase the proportions of semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs) in the particle phase and result in the decrease of SOA RI real part for 0.09 ± 0.02 (without seeds) and 0.15 ± 0.02 (with seeds). This indicates that the SOA optical properties are closely related to the total organic mass and molecular-level composition. In addition, the presence of inorganic seeds promotes the GPP to the particle phase and hence further decreases the RI real part for 0.05 ± 0.02. As pre-existing aerosols are ubiquitous in the ambient atmosphere, it is suggested that there should be a certain correction when the SOA RI of previous laboratory studies is applied to air quality and climate models.

Recently, synchronization movement control of multiple vessels has been studied broadly. In most of the studies, the communication network among vessels is considered to be fixed and the time delay is often ignored. However, the communication network among vessels maybe vary because of switching of different tasks, and the time delay is necessary to be considered when the communication network is unreliable. In this paper, the synchronization movement of multiple vessels with switching connected communication topologies is studied, and an adaptive synchronization control algorithm that is based on backstepping sliding mode control is proposed. The control algorithm is achieved by defining cross coupling error which is combination of the trajectory tracking error and velocity tracking error. And an adaptive control term is used to estimate the external disturbances, so that the unknown external disturbances can be compensated. Furthermore, the robustness of the control law to time-varying time delay is also discussed. At last, some simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization control algorithm.

The refractive index (RI) is the fundamental characteristic that affects the optical properties of aerosols, which could be some of the most important factors influencing direct radiative forcing. The secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generated by the photooxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene (BTEX) under low-NOx and high-NOx conditions are explored in this study. The particles generated in our experiments are considered to be spherical, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, and nonabsorbent at a wavelength of 532 nm, as determined by ultraviolet-visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The retrieved RIs at 532 nm for the SOAs range from 1.38-1.59, depending on several factors, such as different precursors and NOx levels. The RIs of the SOAs are altered differently as the NOx concentration increases as follows: the RIs of the SOAs derived from benzene and toluene increase, whereas those of the SOAs derived from ethylbenzene and m-xylene decrease. Finally, by comparing the experimental data with the model values, we demonstrate that the models likely overestimate the RI values of the SOA particles to a certain extent, which in turn overestimates the global direct radiative forcing of the organic particles.