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Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging-guided surgery is increasingly concerned in gastrointestinal surgery because it can potentially improve clinical outcomes. This new technique can provide intraoperative image guidance for surgical margin evaluation and help surgeons examine residual lesions and small tumors during surgery. NIR fluorophores methylene blue (MB) is a promising fluorescent probe because of its safety and intraoperative imaging in the clinic. However, whether MB possesses the potential to perform intraoperative navigation of the stomach and gastric tumors needs to be further explored. Therefore, the current study mainly validated MB’s usefulness in animal models’ intraoperative imaging of stomach and gastric tumors. NIR fluorophores MB can exhibit specific uptake by the gastric epithelial cells and cancer cells. It is primarily found that MB can directly target the stomach in mice. Interestingly, MB was applied for the NIR imaging of gastric cancer cell xenografts, suggesting that MB cannot specifically target subcutaneous and orthotopic gastric tumors in xenograft models. Thus, it can be concluded that MB has no inherent specificity for gastric tumors but specificity for gastric tissues. Apparently, MB-positive and negative NIR imaging are meaningful in targeting gastric tissues and tumors. MB is expected to represent a helpful NIR agent to secure precise resection margins during the gastrectomy and resection of gastric tumors.

Additional file 4: Table 2. Correlation between the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and the indicators of bone metabolism.

Additional file 3: Figure 2. The chart depicting the GNRI score of the non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic groups.

Additional file 7: Table 4. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of osteoporosis.

Additional file 8: Table 5. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of osteoporosis.

Additional file 2: Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients as stratified by their GNRI scores.

Additional file 5: Figures 3.1. Scatter diagrams depicting the correlation between GNRI and total lumbar spine BMD. Figure 3.2. Scatter diagrams depicting the correlation between GNRI and hip BMD. Figure 3.3. Scatter diagrams depicting the correlation between GNRI and femoral neck BMD.

Additional file 6: Table 3. Univariate Logistic regression analysis of osteoporosis.

Additional file 9: Figure 4. Receiver operating characteristic curve of osteoporosis.

Additional file 1: Figure 1. Flow chart depicting the subjects’ selection process.

The Japanese word daremo, composed of the interrogative dare and the topic marker mo, originally functioned as a subject , expressing the meaning of each person or everyone. This word daremo is said to co-occur with negative predicates in modern Japanese, but if we look at the way it was used in the Taisho era, it often co-occurred with positive predicates. However, in the case of positive predicates, it was mostly used in a specific pattern of the “well-known situation” type with the cognitive verb shiru. This paper clarifies the usage of daremo in the Meiji era, which was before the Taisho era, and explores why daremo tended to co-occur with negative predicates. Results show that, in addition to the structural pattern of the “well-known situation” type consisting of cognitive verbs, positive predicates were often used in the Meiji era in the pattern of the “general state or habit” type that was described by stative verbs and repetitive phases of action verbs. In other words, in the Taisho era, positive predicates only remained in an almost fixed pattern, but in the Meiji era, there were still variations of positive predicates. Reason for the gradual shift of daremo to a negative polarity item may be its progressive adverbialization. It is thought that daremo was used to indicate someone indefinite and that it was easy to express a generic meaning to indicate an unspecified general person. Daremo with genericity may have had low agentivity as a subject, gradually losing its subjectivity and becoming an adverb. In conjunction with this generic nature, predicates are often used to describe repetitive situations rather than individual specifics. In addition, there are many sentence structures in which daremo appears not in the subject position but just before the predicate, as in [topic daremo predicate], which may have promoted the adverbialization of daremo. As daremo became adverbialized, it began to co-occur with and emphasize the subject , as in hito wa daremo. After the Meiji era, when daremo expressed an indefinite term, it took a marked form such as daremoga to distinguish it from the adverbial daremo.

Vehicle exhaust, as a major source of air pollutants in urban areas, contains a complex mixture of organic vapors including long-chain alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The atmospheric oxidation of vehicle emissions is a highly complex system as the co-existing inorganic gases (e.g., NOx and SO2) from other urban sources, and therefore remains poorly understood. In this work, the photooxidation of n-dodecane, 1,3,5-trimethylbeneze, and their mixture are studied in the presence of NOx and SO2 to mimic the atmospheric oxidation of urban vehicle emissions (including diesel and gasoline vehicles), and the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols are investigated. It is found that ozone formation is enhanced by higher OH concentration and higher temperature, but is influenced little by SO2 concentration. However, SO2 can largely enhance the particle formation in both number and mass concentrations, likely due to the promoted new particle formation and acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions from the formation of sulfuric acid. In addition, organo-sulfates and organo-nitrates are detected in the formed particles, and the presence of SO2 can promote the formation of organo-sulfates. These results provide a scientific basis for systematically evaluating the effects of SO2, OH concentration, and temperature on the oxidation of mixed organic gases in the atmosphere that produce ozone and secondary particles.

基于三维地震、测井、岩矿测试等资料，分析了镇泾地区中生界断裂体系特征与成因，结合源岩热演化与储层物性反演结果，恢复了长8段油气成藏的动态演化过程，探讨了中生代以来构造活动对长8段油气成藏的影响作用。研究认为鄂尔多斯盆地内部镇泾构造转折区构造变形受盆地边缘影响明显，发育复杂断裂体系，构造特征及演化对油气藏的形成与分布有重要控制作用。结果表明：（1）中生界北西向、北东东向、近东西向3组断裂发育，平面上呈雁列式带状展布，剖面上为高陡产状且小断距错动。印支期北西向主断裂走滑明显，中、晚燕山期北东向断裂活动加强，喜山期北东东向次级断裂密度增大，并派生大量剪切裂隙。（2）长8段油藏经历了晚三叠世储集层、烃源岩层初始沉积形成，早白垩世初期少量低熟油近源充注形成岩性油藏，早白垩世末成熟油快速输导形成受断层及裂缝控制的构造-岩性油气藏，晚白垩世以来早期油藏调整等4个阶段。（3）印支运动控制了烃源岩及储层展布范围，Ⅰ类北西向走滑断裂控制了镇泾地区中生界构造格局；中、晚燕山运动加速烃源岩热演化进程，并改善储层物性，Ⅱ类断裂活动，为烃类输导提供垂向通道；喜山运动使先存中生界断裂活动，控制油气调整范围及油藏差异富集；其中北东东向Ⅱ类张性或张扭性断裂导流性能好，是最为有效的富油断层。

Prodynorphin (PDYN) binds to k-opioid receptors (KOPr; encoded by OPRK1) and is known to regulate dopaminergic tone, making this system important for drugs addiction. Dynorphin (Dyn)/KORr system are powerful effectors of stress-induced alterations in reward processing and dysphoric states. Thus, We identified 11 potential functional SNPs and one variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) in this system, performed a case-control association analysis, investigated particular disease phenotypes, assessed the joint effect of variants in two genes, carried out a meta-analysis to analyze the association between this VNTR and Heroin dependence (HD) risk. Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using SNaPshot SNP technology. Participants included 566 healthy controls and 541 patients with HD. We found that PDYN polymorphisms modulate the susceptibility to HD. An increased risk of HD was significantly associated with H alleles of PDYN VNTR (χ2 = 10.824, p = 0.001, OR = 1.419, 95% CI = 1.151–1.748). In addition, the results revealed the patients with the HH genotype showed greater number of withdrawal instances (F(2538) = 7.987, p = 0.0004) compared to the patients with the LL genotype. The Meta-analysis showed the pooled effect of the H allele at this locus is a risk factor for HD in Chinese Han. Gene-gene interaction analysis indicated strong interactions between PDYN rs3830064, 68-bp VNTR and OPRK1 rs16918842, rs3802279. These findings support the important role of PDYN polymorphism in HD, and may guide future studies to identify genetic risk factors for HD.

Protostane triterpenes in Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. have unique structural features with distinct pharmacological activities. Previously we have demonstrated that protostane triterpene biosynthesis could be regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction in A. orientale. Here, proteomic investigation reveals the MeJA mediated regulation of protostane triterpene biosynthesis. In our study, 281 differentially abundant proteins were identified from MeJA-treated compared to control groups, while they were mainly associated with triterpene biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and response to stress/defense. Key enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), squalene epoxidase (SE), oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) and cytochrome P450s which potentially involved in protostane triterpene biosynthesis were significantly enriched in MeJA-treated group. Basic Helix-loop-helix (bHLH), MYB, and GRAS transcription factors were enhanced after MeJA treatment, and they also improved the expressions of key enzymes in Mevalonate pathway and protostane triterpene. Then, MeJA also could increase the expression of α-galactosidase (α-GAL), thereby promoting carbohydrate decomposition, and providing energy and carbon skeletons for protostane triterpene precursor biosynthesis. As well, exogenous MeJA treatment upregulated 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX), allene oxide synthase (AOS) and allene oxide cyclase (AOC) involved in α-linolenic acid metabolism, leading to the accumulation of endogenous MeJA and activation of the protostane triterpene biosynthesis transduction. Finally, MeJA upregulated stress/defence-related proteins, as to enhance the defence responses activity of plants. These results were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 19 selected genes and content analysis of protostane triterpene. The results provide some new insights into the role of MeJA in protostane triterpene biosynthesis.

Effluent organic matter (EfOM) from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has received increasing attention due to its impacts on natural and engineered aquatic systems. A comprehensive understanding of molecular compositions of EfOM is crucial for controlling its negative effects and effective removal of it. Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) is a powerful method to characterize molecular compositions of EfOM. However, application of this powerful technique is very depending on the sample preparation procedures (i.e. solid phase extraction, SPE) for enrichment and desalting. In this study, a systematic comparison of the difference in molecular compositions of the EfOM extracted using eighteen different SPE sorbents (Envicarb, PPL, ENV, HLB, C18, C18OH, C8, PH, CH, WAX, WCX, MAX, MCX, CBA, C2, CN-E, NH2, and SI) was investigated. Molecular characterization using FTICR MS showed that non-polar sorbents (Envicarb, PPL, ENV, HLB, C18, C18OH) and mixed mode sorbents (WAX, WCX, MAX, MCX) prefer to extract more aromatic and unsaturated molecules, while strongly-polar (SI), mid-polar (CBA, NH2), and weakly non-polar (C2, CN-E) sorbents prefer to extract more aliphatic components. In addition, it is found that combining extracts of CBA, ENV, and EnviCarb sorbents might be a practical way to provide a comprehensive information of molecular composition of EfOM. The results reported in this study provide valuable information on molecular compositions of EfOM and the selectivity of EfOM by different SPE sorbents.

Alcohol abuse and anxiety disorders often occur concurrently, but their underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) have recently received attention from those interested in the neurobiology of anxiety. A chronic alcohol exposure rat model (28 consecutive days of 20% alcohol intake and 6 h of withdrawal) was established. Here, we investigated the NMDAR1 (NR1), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors in rats exposed to an open field and elevated plus maze (EPM) through systematic injections of memantine (a NMDAR inhibitor). We found that the NR1-CaMKII-ERK signaling pathway was activated after alcohol withdrawal in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) but not core (NAcC). Memantine treatment greatly ameliorated anxiety-like behavior in the rats experiencing alcohol withdrawal. Moreover, memantine uniformly suppressed the phosphorylation of NR1-CaMKII-ERK pathway induced by alcohol withdrawal. Our results suggest that activation of the NR1-CaMKII-ERK pathway in the mPFC and NAcSh is an important contributor to the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety behaviors. NMDAR signaling pathway inhibitors are thus potential therapeutics for treating alcohol abuse.

Fatigue is the major aging mechanism for pipelines and components that are subject to transient during plant operation. In order to avoid abrupt accidents caused by fatigue failure, it is necessary to adopt corresponding techniques to monitor components condition due to fatigue damage. Experience shows that on-line fatigue monitoring system is the most effective way to monitor fatigue damage status of pressure-retaining boundary subjected to operational loads in real-time for NPPs. Several commercial fatigue monitoring systems have been put into application in the nuclear power plants. In this paper, the difference of the international fatigue monitoring systems were compared. As the key technologies of fatigue monitoring system development, the processing of operational load data and the stress influencing function development at monitored locations were researched in the paper. Furthermore, in order to study on the methodologies of the key issues of the system development, the experimental facility was established to improve the knowledge on fatigue monitoring system development for two kinds of input data modules, and the reasonability of the different methods in the study was proved reciprocally. Finally, the on-line fatigue monitoring system for pipelines was established to evaluate actual fatigue damage status.

ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were prepared and modified in situ with mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) via a facile and environmentally friendly one-pot hydrothermal method. The resulting MAA-modified ZnS QDs (ZnS(MAA) QDs) demonstrated a cubic β-sphalerite structure, spherical morphology and controllable crystal size in the range of 4–10 nm depending on the reaction time, as characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy methods. The optical properties were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy, which showed that the fluorescence intensity increased with reaction time. After storing for 6 months, the fluorescence intensity of ZnS(MAA) QDs retained about 50% of its initial value without any peak shift.

With the rapid development of information technology, mobile learning has become a new trend. Students can obtain information through WeChat with no limit on time and space, university campuses present micro learning times of "phubbing, finger group". As first-tier teachers of advertising design, in the environment of "micro-blog times", we need to explore new teaching methods, cater to the students' learning style, and seek new technology and new platform to interact with students efficiently, so as to make full use of WeChat to effective promote advertising design teaching.

Although significantly develops in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), features of HCC remain an aggressive cancer with a dismal outcome. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), specifically Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), is one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicine modalities worldwide. The use of heat-clearing and detoxicating (Chinese named qingre jiedu) CHM has attracted great attention as an alternative antitumor including HCC considering its low toxicity and high activity. Together these reports indicate that CHM is a promising anti-HCC herbal remedy in basic research. For patients with advanced HCC, CHM including formula and single combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or chemotherapy is able to decrease tumor growth and the side effect of toxicity and improve overall survival, quality of life, and immune function. Due to its abundance, low cost, and safety in consumption, CHM remains a species with tremendous potential for further investigation in HCC.